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1、Module10Unit 3Protecting ourselves1、bid n. 企圖，努力；喊價(jià)，出價(jià)，投標(biāo) vt. & vi. 出價(jià)，投標(biāo) vt. 命令，吩咐；說(shuō)(問(wèn)候話); 致意The young salesman is working hard to make a bid for promotion to sales manager. 這位年輕銷售員努力工作，爭(zhēng)取被提拔為銷售經(jīng)理。 We bid for the construction of a bridge. 我們投標(biāo)造一座橋。 Do as he bids. 照他的吩咐去做。2、discriminate vt. & vi. 分別

2、，辨別，區(qū)分(discriminatefrom) discriminate in favor of 偏袒Can you discriminate good books from bad?你能區(qū)別好書(shū)和壞書(shū)嗎？vi. 歧視，有差別地對(duì)待(discriminate against)Laws do not discriminate against the poor.法律對(duì)窮人不予歧視。我們的老師從不偏袒優(yōu)生。_Our teacher never discriminates in favor of brighter pupils. 我能辨別是非。_I can discriminate right fr

3、om wrong.3、additional adj. 額外的；另外的；附加的You should pay additional fees if you want this kind of service.如果你需要這種服務(wù)，需要支付額外的費(fèi)用。We will give additional supplies to you.我們要給你們額外的供應(yīng)。additive n. 添加劑addition n. 增加的人或物in addition 此外 It is raining hard. _ my car has broken down, so weve nothing to do but wait h

4、elp. A. In total B. In return C. In vain D. In additionDin total總共；in return作為回報(bào)；in vain無(wú)結(jié)果地；徒然；in addition此外。句意：雨下得很大，此外我的車還壞了，所以我們只能在這等待救助。4、wipe vt. & vi. 擦，拭，抹wipe away 擦去，揩去，消除；抹去wipe out 擦凈，擦掉；徹底摧毀，消滅They wiped away my tears.他們擦去了我的眼淚。Well wipe out any enemy that dare to invade our country. 敵人

5、膽敢來(lái)犯，我們就把它消滅。n. 擦，拭，揩，抹我的記憶無(wú)法完全抹掉。_ I cant just wipe away all my memories.I paused to _ the sweat off my forehead and look up at the cloudless blue sky. A. wipe B. cut C. put D. send A擦去前額的汗水。5、stain vt. 敗壞；給著色Blood stained the blanket.血沾污了毯子。vi. 污染；被染污 These carpets wont stain easily.這些地毯不易弄臟。True

6、blue will never stain.真金不怕火煉。n. 污點(diǎn)；瑕疵；著色劑Hes got an ink stain on his shirt.他襯衫上有塊墨漬。 他的罪行玷污了家庭的名譽(yù)。_ His crimes stained the family honor.A _ political and economic situation is very important for the development of any country. A. stain B. stable C. tolerate D. vertical B穩(wěn)定的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境對(duì)國(guó)家發(fā)展很重要。 tolerate 寬

7、容的； vertical 垂直的。這是一個(gè)含有從屬連詞when引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。主句是The work of is even more important。1、The work of international organizations is even more important when you consider how much more severe the situation could become.當(dāng)你考慮到情況會(huì)變得多么嚴(yán)重時(shí)，國(guó)際組織的工作就顯得更為重要。既然他們不聽(tīng)我的，我怎能幫他們理解呢？_How can I help them to understand w

8、hen they wont listen to me? 我身上僅有15 美元，而我想要的字典需20美元。_ I had only fifteen dollars on me when the dictionary I wanted cost twenty. 我在河邊釣魚(yú)，突然聽(tīng)到有人呼救。_ I was fishing by the river when someone called for help. 我正要?jiǎng)由恚娫捦蝗豁懥?。_ I was about to leave when the telephone rang. / I was on the point of leaving whe

9、n the telephone rang. 此句中when caught by police是連詞when后接過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，此從句將主語(yǔ)及謂語(yǔ)的一部分省略了。完整的結(jié)構(gòu)是：when this person is caught by police。2、The type and quantity of illegal drugs a person is carrying when caught by police determine the punishment. 一個(gè)人被警察抓獲時(shí)所攜帶的非法毒品的種類和數(shù)量決定了懲罰的輕重。除時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句外，if等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句、thou

10、gh等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、as等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句以及than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句都可以省略某些成分。Though (the room is) not large, the room was well lit by a window.這個(gè)房間雖然不大，但一扇窗戶把它照得很亮。He came here earlier than (he was) expected.他來(lái)這兒比預(yù)計(jì)的時(shí)間要早一些。 _ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. GivenD如果把句子補(bǔ)充完整就不難看出：If they are given the right kind of training, 可知主語(yǔ)they 即these teenage soccer players與give 之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞。根據(jù)主、從句主語(yǔ)一致可省略從句主語(yǔ)的原則，連詞if 也可省，所以得出given the right kind of training形式。