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1、第六節(jié) 介詞 介詞是一種虛詞,用來(lái)表示詞與詞之間,詞與句之間的關(guān)系,在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。 中考對(duì)介詞的考查主要集中在： (1)表示時(shí)間的介詞; (2)表示方位和運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞; (3)常用介詞用法辨析; (4)介詞與其他詞類的搭配。 1. in(1) 在時(shí)間內(nèi)(星期、月、季節(jié)、年份；上午,下午,晚上)： in March, in Spring, in the morning(2) 在大地點(diǎn)范圍內(nèi)： in China， in the world(3) 在一段時(shí)間后： I will return to my hometown in a week.(4) 用語(yǔ)言： Can you say it

2、 in English?(5) 穿衣服： The woman in blue is my mother.(6) 在某方面：His brother does well in maths.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法2. on(1) 在上方（與物體有接觸）： There is a book on my desk.(2) 在時(shí)間（具體某一天）： on Monday, on May Day, on a spring morning(3) 關(guān)于： This lecture is on science.(4) 在一邊： on the left, on the right3. at

3、(1) 在地點(diǎn)（較小的地方）： at the airport, at home, at school考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法(2) 在時(shí)間點(diǎn)： at 4 oclock, at this time(3) 在 方面: She is good at dancing.(4) 朝方向： point at the tree(5) 表示速度與價(jià)格： You should drive a car at a high speed.(6) 對(duì)感到（情緒）： He is surprised at the news.4. by(1) 乘坐交通工具: We often go to work

4、 by bus.(2) 用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： The cake is made by myself.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法(3) 通過(guò)方式： We improve our English by speaking as much as possibly.(4) 在附近： The lady is sitting by the window.(5) 用 時(shí)間之前： They had finished the task by ten last night. (6) 從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)： Lauran passes by the post office every day.5. for

5、(1) 一段時(shí)間： We have stayed here for a week.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法(2) 為，給，適合于（對(duì)象）： These books are suitable for children.(3) 由于，表示原因： Polar bears cant feel cold for its warm coat.(4) 對(duì)于: Swimming is good for our body.(5) 前往某地： They will leave for London tomorrow.6. of(1) 表從屬關(guān)系，屬于: a friend of his考

6、點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法(2) 由于，因?yàn)椋?die of disease/because of her illness (3) 某部分，或全部： Every of them passed this exam.(4) 表示某種性質(zhì)或內(nèi)容： a basket of apples(5) 表示數(shù)量和種類： all kinds of flowers, a cup of tea(6) 關(guān)于，對(duì)于： hear of(7) 表示同位： a city of Beijing考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法7. about (1) 大約： It is about

7、100 meters high.(2) 關(guān)于： The film is about scientists.8. over(1) 在上方： There is a bridge over the river.(2) 超過(guò)： Over 10 students go to school by bike in our class.(3) 越過(guò)： climb over the high mountain(4) 遍布于： all over the world考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法9. to(1) 給: Please give history book to me.(2) 對(duì):

8、 be kind to sb.(3) 到: go to the zoo(4) 差多少時(shí)間： twenty to five10. with (1) 和一起： My brother sometimes plays football with me.(2) 有: (表伴隨狀態(tài))： a girl with a pair of glasses/a house with three rooms考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法(3) 用工具： cut watermelons with knives(4) 隨著： With these words, the man came into t

9、he room.11. without沒(méi)有： I went to work without breakfast this morning.12. 穿過(guò)，通過(guò)，經(jīng)過(guò)：(1) across （表面通過(guò)）: The dog swam across the other side of river.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法(2) through （空間中穿過(guò)）: The red car goes fast through the tunnel.(3) past （路過(guò)，經(jīng)過(guò)）: half past nine13. since(1) 自從以來(lái)： since then, sin

10、ce 1949(2) 由于，既然： He was late for school since he got a cold.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法14.除了(1) besides (包含在內(nèi)，除之外還有)： We are all here besides Tom. （包括Tom在內(nèi)大家都到了。）(2) except (除外)： We are all here except Tom. (除了Tom之外，大家都到了。)(3) but: 相當(dāng)于except,但but通常與表示否定的不定代詞連用。There is a nothing in the room but a b

11、ed.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法(4) except for (表示整體除去其中的一部分)： Her composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.15. after(1) 在之后：After school, Simon joined the army.(2) 跟隨： run after16. before(1) 在地點(diǎn)之前： He stood before me.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法(2) 在時(shí)間之前: I didnt go to bed before I finis

12、hed the homework.17.behind (在后面)：a bloom behind the door18.beside (在旁邊)：a park beside my house19.在之間(1) between (兩者之間): I sit between Lucy and Lily.(2) among (三者或以上之間): I am sitting among the trees.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法20. around(1)大約： She is around 30 years old.(2)在周圍，環(huán)繞著： The moon goes aroun

13、d the earth.21. as 作為： As a student, I should obey the school rules.22. under 在下方： a ball under the table考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法常見(jiàn)介詞的意義和用法1.與動(dòng)詞搭配:consist of 由組成 dream of 夢(mèng)想 get rid of 擺脫 think of (about)思考 instead of 代替； 而不是 be made of (or from) 由制成receive from 接到 suffer from 生（?。?separate from 把分開(kāi) believ

14、e in 相信 be interested in 有興趣 base on 在基礎(chǔ)上 depend on 依靠 rely on 依靠 belong to屬于考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 常見(jiàn)的介詞搭配常見(jiàn)的介詞搭配challenge to 向挑戰(zhàn) compare with 與比較 listen to 聽(tīng) prefer to 更喜歡 arrive at (in) 到達(dá) look at 看 stare at 盯看 ask for 請(qǐng)求 apologize for 因道歉look for 尋找 pay for 為付款 prepare for 準(zhǔn)備 search for 尋求 thank for 感謝 wait for

15、等候agree with 同意 communicate with 與交流考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 常見(jiàn)的介詞搭配常見(jiàn)的介詞搭配2.與名詞搭配:at first 首先 at last 最后 at that moment 在那時(shí)刻 at table 在吃飯 at most 至多 at least 至少at home 在家 at school 在學(xué)校 by accident 偶然；意外地by bus 乘坐公交車 all kinds of 各種各樣的 by the way順便提一下in the end 最后；終于 in fact事實(shí)上 in time 及時(shí) in surprise 驚訝地 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 常見(jiàn)的介詞

16、搭配常見(jiàn)的介詞搭配in all 總共 in trouble 處于困境in a hurry 匆忙地 in the open air 在戶外 in line 排成一行 in bed 在床上 in hospital 在醫(yī)院 on foot步行on the way to 在去的途中 on duty 值日 on holidays 在假期里on show 展出；展覽 on ones own 獨(dú)自地 on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)with the help of 在的幫助下to ones surprise 使驚訝的是考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 常見(jiàn)的介詞搭配常見(jiàn)的介詞搭配3.與其他詞搭配:be angry with 生某人的氣 b

17、e keen on 喜愛(ài) be fond of 喜歡be interested in 對(duì)感興趣 be happy with 對(duì)感到滿意be famous for 因而聞名 be busy with 忙于be amazed at 對(duì)感到驚異 be made of 由制成（可看到原材料）be made from由制成（不能看到原材料）考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 常見(jiàn)的介詞搭配常見(jiàn)的介詞搭配be made by 由制造be made into 被制造成 be made up of 由組成be made in 在制造 be late for 遲到 be proud of 為感到驕傲be strict about/w

18、ith 對(duì)要求嚴(yán)格 be different from 與不同be short of 缺乏 be sure of 確信 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 常見(jiàn)的介詞搭配常見(jiàn)的介詞搭配be ashamed of 感到羞恥 look after 照顧 take care of 照顧 do well in 在某方面做得好come up with 想出 catch up with 趕上；追上 get on well with 與相處融洽考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 常見(jiàn)的介詞搭配常見(jiàn)的介詞搭配1. in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/下午/晚上on a cold morning 在某個(gè)寒冷的早上 （

19、某天的早上）2. in front of 在（范圍外的）前面in the front of 在（范圍內(nèi)的）前面3. in 和after 接一段時(shí)間表示“在之后”，前者用將來(lái)時(shí)，后者用過(guò)去時(shí)。The boys will return to hometown in an hour.The boys went to the hometown after an hour.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 介詞的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)介詞的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)4. by, in和with 表示“用”, by表示用“手段、方法”； in表示用“語(yǔ)言”； with表示用“工具”。We can communicate by body language.H

20、e can read it in English.Copy down these with pens.5. across指從物體表面通過(guò)； through指從物體空間穿過(guò)。They walked across the road quickly.They walked through the forest safely.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 介詞的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)介詞的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)6. except 除外； besides 除之外，還有Students go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.Besides swimming, I like jogging

21、.7. between (兩者之間)； among （三者或以上之間）There is a bridge between London and Paris.The old man is sitting among the kids.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 介詞的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)介詞的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)8. in, on, to 表示方位，但含義不同。Shenzhen lies in the south of Guangdong province.Guangdong lies on the south of Hunan.Japan lies to the east of China.9. for 接時(shí)間段，since 接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。He has been in the city for a long time.He has been in the city since two days ago.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 介詞的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)介詞的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)10. arrive in接大地點(diǎn)； arrive at 接小地方； get to 加地點(diǎn)； reach直接加地點(diǎn)。arrive in Shenzhen/arrive at the airport/get to the airport/reach the airport考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 介詞的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)介詞的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)