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1、第二章語法填空第二章語法填空第二節(jié)有提示詞的解題技巧第二節(jié)有提示詞的解題技巧專題二非謂語動(dòng)詞專題二非謂語動(dòng)詞一、基礎(chǔ)知識一、基礎(chǔ)知識（續(xù)上）（續(xù)上）非謂語動(dòng)詞分為不定式、非謂語動(dòng)詞分為不定式、Ving形式和形式和Ved形式三形式三種，在句子中可充當(dāng)除謂語外的其他成分。語法填空種，在句子中可充當(dāng)除謂語外的其他成分。語法填空常考查其在句子中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定常考查其在句子中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語的用法語和狀語的用法。1作主語。作主語。(1)不定式作主語常表示具體的、一次性的或?qū)聿欢ㄊ阶髦髡Z常表示具體的、一次性的或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作；的動(dòng)作；Ving形式則表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)

2、慣性的形式則表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的行為。行為。(2)不定式作真正的主語常用的幾種情況：在不定式作真正的主語常用的幾種情況：在it is necessary/important/.(for sb.)to do sth.句型中；句型中；it is kind/foolish/.(of sb.)to do sth.句型中；在句型中；在it takes sb.time to do sth.句型中句型中。二、難點(diǎn)提示二、難點(diǎn)提示2作賓語。作賓語。(1)只接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有只接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有want，wait，offer，long，fail，hope，expect，ask，decide，de

3、termine，manage，agree，afford，arrange，promise，pretend等。等。(2)只接只接Ving形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞及詞組有形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞及詞組有mind，miss，enjoy，excuse，prevent，practice，suggest，keep(on)，avoid，admit，appreciate，risk，resist，finish，forbid，imagine，consider，deny，stand，propose等。等。(3)接不定式和接接不定式和接Ving形式作賓語表示不同意思的形式作賓語表示不同意思的動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)詞有remember，forget，

4、regret，try，mean，stop。3作賓語補(bǔ)足語。作賓語補(bǔ)足語。(1)一般來說，不定式表示主動(dòng)、將來的動(dòng)作；一般來說，不定式表示主動(dòng)、將來的動(dòng)作；Ving形式表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；形式表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；Ved形式表形式表示被動(dòng)、已完成的動(dòng)作。示被動(dòng)、已完成的動(dòng)作。(2)在在see，hear，notice，observe等感官動(dòng)詞和等感官動(dòng)詞和have，make等使役動(dòng)詞后，用等使役動(dòng)詞后，用Ving形式作賓語補(bǔ)足形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；用不定式語表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；用不定式(往往省略往往省略to)表示動(dòng)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，動(dòng)作的全過程已經(jīng)結(jié)束；用作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，動(dòng)作的全過

5、程已經(jīng)結(jié)束；用Ved形式表形式表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。例如：例如：I saw him go upstairs.(看見動(dòng)作全過程看見動(dòng)作全過程)I saw him going upstairs.(看見動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行看見動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)I saw him carried to the ambulance.(看見一個(gè)被看見一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生)4作定語。作定語。Ving形式作定語表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行；形式作定語表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行；Ved形式作形式作定語表示被動(dòng)或完成；不定式作定語常表示將來的動(dòng)定語表示被動(dòng)或完成；不定式作定語常表示將來的動(dòng)作。作。例如：例如：The workers building

6、 the bridge came from all over the country.The novels written by Moyan are popular，attracting more and more readers.The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.5作狀語。作狀語。(1)不定式作狀語通常表示目的或結(jié)果，或者在不定式作狀語通常表示目的或結(jié)果，或者在表示喜怒哀樂的形容詞表語后作原因狀語，表示引起表示喜怒哀樂的形容詞表語后作原因狀語，表示引起這種情緒變化的原因。這種情緒變化的原因。例如：例如：Im sorr

7、y not to have come on Tuesday. (2)Ving形式作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語是主句的形式作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語是主句的主語；主語；Ved形式作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯賓語是主句的主形式作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯賓語是主句的主語。語。例如：例如：Using the book，I find it useful.Used for a long time，the book looks old.技巧一、如果句中有謂語技巧一、如果句中有謂語，則用非謂語動(dòng)詞則用非謂語動(dòng)詞如果句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，又不是并列謂語時(shí)，則如果句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，又不是并列謂語時(shí)，則所給動(dòng)詞要用非謂語形式。非謂語動(dòng)詞，需要確定用動(dòng)所給

8、動(dòng)詞要用非謂語形式。非謂語動(dòng)詞，需要確定用動(dòng)詞不定式、詞不定式、Ving形式還是形式還是Ved形式。確定的方法有：形式。確定的方法有：1作主語或賓語，通常用是作主語或賓語，通常用是Ving形式表示習(xí)慣或形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況，用不定式表示具體的情況。一般情況，用不定式表示具體的情況。例例 1 A s a c h i l d ， h e w a s e n t h u s i a s t i c about_(design)complicated toys.三、解題技巧三、解題技巧 作介詞作介詞about的賓語的賓語，只能用動(dòng)名詞只能用動(dòng)名詞designing。解析：解析：答案：答案：desig

9、ning2作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語或形容詞后的狀語，一作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語或形容詞后的狀語，一般用動(dòng)詞不定式。般用動(dòng)詞不定式。例例2 So_(do)better in reading comprehension，we should learn the knowledge of writing，study how questions are designed and the relationship between questions and the reading materials. 此處此處do在句子開頭作目的狀語在句子開頭作目的狀語，且相對句且相對句子的主語來說是主動(dòng)的子的主語來說是主動(dòng)的，

10、因此填不定式因此填不定式to do。解析：解析：答案：答案：to do例例 3 S h e w i s h e d t h a t h e w a s a s easy_(please)as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume. 在形容詞后作狀語在形容詞后作狀語，只能用動(dòng)詞不定式只能用動(dòng)詞不定式，且用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義且用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，故填故填to please。解析：解析：答案：答案：to please3分詞作表語時(shí)，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：分詞作表語時(shí)，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：sth.is Ving.sb.is Ved.例例4The stor

11、y was _(touch) and we were greatly _(touch) by it. 前一空的主語是前一空的主語是story，故填故填touching；后一空主語是后一空主語是we，故填故填touched。解析：解析：答案：答案：touching，touched4分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，需根據(jù)賓語和分詞的關(guān)系確定分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，需根據(jù)賓語和分詞的關(guān)系確定分詞形式。賓語是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用分詞形式。賓語是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用Ving形式；形式；賓語是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，用賓語是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，用Ved形式。形式。例例5 I noticed a man_(sit)at the front.

12、句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞noticed，且且sit前沒有并列前沒有并列連詞連詞，因此因此sit是非謂語動(dòng)詞；由固定句式是非謂語動(dòng)詞；由固定句式notice sb.doing/do sth.(注意到某人在做注意到某人在做/做了某事做了某事)可知填可知填sitting或或sit，但根據(jù)文中提供的情境但根據(jù)文中提供的情境，不難推出作者不難推出作者“注意到注意到”時(shí)時(shí)，那個(gè)人是那個(gè)人是“正坐在正坐在”作者前面的作者前面的，故填故填sitting。解析：解析：答案：答案： sitting例例6 I heard the song _(sing)many times. 賓語賓語song是分詞的承受者

13、是分詞的承受者，用過去分用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示被動(dòng)。填入詞作賓補(bǔ)表示被動(dòng)。填入sung。解析：解析：答案：答案： sung5分詞作狀語時(shí)，根據(jù)分詞與句子主語的關(guān)系確分詞作狀語時(shí)，根據(jù)分詞與句子主語的關(guān)系確定分詞形式。主語若是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用定分詞形式。主語若是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用Ving形形式；主語若是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，用式；主語若是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，用Ved形式。形式。例例7 _(follow)by many fans，the singer walked out of the hall. 句子的主語句子的主語singer是是follow的承受者的承受者，用過去分詞用過去分詞，填入填入Fol

14、lowed。解析：解析：答案：答案： Followed例例8 _(follow)the famous singer，the crazy fans walked out of the hall. 句子主語句子主語the crazy fans是分詞動(dòng)作是分詞動(dòng)作follow的執(zhí)行者的執(zhí)行者，用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，填入，填入Following。解析：解析：答案：答案： Following技巧二、有時(shí)給出的動(dòng)詞既不是謂語形式也不是技巧二、有時(shí)給出的動(dòng)詞既不是謂語形式也不是非謂語形式非謂語形式，這時(shí)需要進(jìn)行詞類轉(zhuǎn)換這時(shí)需要進(jìn)行詞類轉(zhuǎn)換例例 But Jane knew from past ex

15、perience that her_(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 提示詞提示詞choose是動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞，但在賓語從句中但在賓語從句中作主語作主語，且在形容詞性物主代詞后，故用名詞，且在形容詞性物主代詞后，故用名詞choice。解析：解析：答案：答案： choice(一一)用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1For example, the proverb, “Plucking up a crop_(help) it grow”， is based on the following story.2While she

16、 was getting me _(settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car.3We must also consider the reaction of the person_(receive) the gift.u即學(xué)即即學(xué)即練練to helpsettledreceiving4With the problem_(solve), I felt proud of my achievement.5I then noticed that I had jus

17、t 10 minutes left_(complete) the rest.6There, _(place) neatly beside the empty dish, were two nickels and five penniesher tip! 7_(compare) with the previous year, the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15，000, or a rise of 13%.solvedto completeplacedCompared 8Storms swept

18、along New Mexicos border with Texas on Friday，_(destroy) homes and other buildings.9 W e m u s t p r a c t i s e s p e a k i n g and_(write) the language whenever we can.1 0 B u t i t i s n o t e n o u g h only_(memorize) rules from a grammar book.destroyingwritingto memorize(二二)閱讀下列短文，用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填閱讀

19、下列短文，用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空?？铡hen a baby is in danger，its mother will be crazy and worried.This is something anyone can relate to，even though we are talking about a mother elephant 1._(separate)from her child.A video 2._(record) the reunion between the elephant and her 8monthold baby in Kenya was one of the

20、most impressive scenes. The baby fell inside a manmade hole and was unable to climb out，separatedrecording according to the video 3._(release) by the Amboseli Trust for Elephants.Despite the best efforts 4._(make)by her desperate mother，the baby seemed helpless until a team of workers rushed 5._(hel

21、p)They had to drive the overprotective mother away first，so that they could get close enough 6._(rescue)the baby with ropes and a vehicle.releasedmadeto helpto rescue Luckily，the workers managed 7._(pull)the baby to safety.What followed was a 8._(touch)scene.As soon as the baby was freed，it ran away across the plain.In the distance，the cries of her mother could be heard as she came 9._(run)from the opposite direction.The two were reunited，10._(hug) each other with their trunks.to pulltouchingrunninghugging