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1、專(zhuān)題01沖突構(gòu)思大法（解析版） I如何通過(guò)矛盾設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)寫(xiě)好作文？一第一，矛盾沖突包括兩種主要形式：一是外部沖突，包括人與人、人與周?chē)h(huán)境的矛盾； 二是內(nèi)部沖突，指的是特定環(huán)境下人物自身的矛盾。 第二，如何設(shè)計(jì)矛盾沖突？從大的方向上說(shuō)，它包括三個(gè)方面：人與人、人與周?chē)h(huán)境、 人物內(nèi)心。從內(nèi)容方面來(lái)說(shuō)，這種矛盾沖突，是現(xiàn)實(shí)生活里由于人們的立場(chǎng)、觀點(diǎn)、思 想感情、理想愿望的不同而產(chǎn)生的矛盾斗爭(zhēng)，是人們的主觀與客觀、正確與錯(cuò)誤、先進(jìn) 與落后等種種矛盾斗爭(zhēng)的反映。 M構(gòu)思作文時(shí)，一般都會(huì)想到哪給盾沖突呢？ 從立意的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，矛盾沖突要指向人們的價(jià)值取向。比如生與死、是與非、成與敗、誠(chéng)與 偽、忠與奸

2、、善與惡、榮與辱、得與失、樂(lè)與苦、愛(ài)與恨、興與衰、小我與大我、主觀與客 觀……這是需要我們?cè)趯?xiě)作之前想清楚的。 例了：下面這篇文章大意：感恩節(jié)到了，我繼續(xù)和往年-?樣，這-天會(huì)開(kāi)車(chē)送禮物如食物 給窮人。但是有一年，我和妻子呆在紐約的旅館里，不能回家團(tuán)圓，我告訴妻子我的往 年的做法，妻子非常開(kāi)心。但我們需要貨車(chē)（van）才能購(gòu)物。于是我們準(zhǔn)備在街頭上攔一 輛車(chē)，妻子同意了。 文章憑什么吸引閱卷者的眼光，拿到高分的？ 一句話(huà)：矛盾設(shè)計(jì)精巧。 首先，是人與周?chē)h(huán)境的矛盾。環(huán)境的惡劣：chilly wind,我們卻在攔車(chē)，突出艱難。 （插一句：環(huán)境的描寫(xiě)，可以力求個(gè)漸變的技巧，譬如在小說(shuō)I s

3、urvive里有一句:The wind moaned at first. Then it started to howl, and finally it was shrieking so loudly Dad had to turn up the TV.）其次，是人與人的矛盾。紐約的街頭，無(wú)人同情我們，更無(wú)人對(duì)我們道一聲辛苦，大家似乎 什么也沒(méi)有看到。但最后我們還是看到了熱心人，并且和我們一起去幫助他人。 最后，是人的內(nèi)心沖突。從開(kāi)始的充滿(mǎn)希望到絕望："Who can we turn to?” my wife murmured with a fierce frown ?,?we found

4、ourselves on the verge（邊緣）of giving up 至 lj 重新 充滿(mǎn)期待：The nearly-extinguished （快要熄滅的）sparks of hope were instantly rekindled （點(diǎn)燃）她真的很緊張她哥哥是否給她帶來(lái)了她想要的東西。 8. "薩拉，看看我給你帶來(lái)了什么?！彼妙澏兜碾p手從包里拿出獎(jiǎng)品。 9. 薩拉一看到鞋子,臉上就喜形于色。 10. 她激動(dòng)得向阿里撲了過(guò)去?！爸x謝你！ ”當(dāng)兄妹緊緊擁抱在一起時(shí)，他們的眼睛里 涌出喜悅的淚水。 參考答案： 1. 在這一點(diǎn)上他拒絕放棄，他跳起來(lái)，盡可能快地跑。 Refu

5、sing to give up at this point, he jumped to his feet and ran as fast as he could. 2. 他沖過(guò)終點(diǎn)線(xiàn)，得了四等獎(jiǎng)。 He dashed across the finish line and won the fourth prize. 3. 想到他會(huì)讓她妹妹失望,阿里忍不住抽泣起來(lái)。 Thinking he would let her sister down, Ali couldn't help sobbing. 4. 就在這時(shí)，他突然聽(tīng)到廣播里宣布他獲得了三等獎(jiǎng)，因?yàn)榕c阿里相撞的賽跑者因違 反規(guī)定被取消

6、資格。 Just then he suddenly heard the announcement from the broadcast that he won the third prize as the runner who collided with Ali was disqualified for breaking the rule. 5. 在頒獎(jiǎng)典禮上把鞋放在胸前，阿里感到欣喜若狂，如釋重負(fù)因?yàn)樗罱K為妹妹贏得 了這雙鞋。 Holding the shoes close to his chest during the award ceremony, Ali felt overjo

7、yed and relieved as he eventually won the shoes for his sister. 6. 他迫不及待地想見(jiàn)到他的妹妹并分享這個(gè)令人激動(dòng)的消息。 He could not wait to see his sister and share the thrilling news. 7. 到達(dá)時(shí)，阿里發(fā)現(xiàn)薩拉在外面等著。 On his arrival, Ali found Zahra was waiting outside. 8. 她真的很緊張她哥哥是否給她帶來(lái)了她想要的東西。 She was really nervous whether her

8、 brother had brought her what she was expecting. 9. "薩拉，看看我給你帶來(lái)了什么?！彼妙澏兜碾p手從包里拿出獎(jiǎng)品。 "Zahra, see what I have got for you." he took the prize out of his bag with his trembling hands. 10. 薩拉一看到鞋子，臉上就喜形于色。 The instant Zahra saw the shoes, her face lit up. H.她激動(dòng)得向阿里撲了過(guò)去。“謝謝你！ ”當(dāng)兄妹緊緊擁抱在一起時(shí)，他們的眼睛里 涌出喜

9、悅的淚水。 So thrilled was she that she threw herself at Ali. "Thank you! Ali.,, Tears of joy welled up their eyes as the brother and sister hugged tightly together. 參考范文： 【參考答案】One possible version: Paragraph 1: Ali looked up and saw the other boys rushing ahead. Refusing to give up at this point,

10、he jumped to his feet and ran as fast as he could. He dashed across the finish line and won the fourth prize. Thinking he would let her sister down, Ali couldn't help sobbing. Just then he suddenly heard the announcement from the broadcast that he won the third prize as the runner who collided with

11、Ali was disqualified for breaking the rule. Holding the shoes close to his chest during the award ceremony, Ali felt overjoyed and relieved as he eventually won the shoes for his sister. Paragraph 2: Filled with delight, Ali walked home quickly. He could not wait to see his sister and share the th

12、rilling news. On his arrival. Ali found Zahra was waiting outside. She was really nervous whether her brother had brought her what she was expecting. "Zahra, see what I have got for you." he took the prize out of his bag with his trembling hands. The instant Zahra saw (he shoes, her face lit up. So

13、thrilled was she that she threw herself at Ali. "Thank you! Ali." Tears of joy welled up their eyes as the brother and sister hugged tightly together. 最后想說(shuō)的是：雖然讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)無(wú)非就是簡(jiǎn)單的故事講述，但是我們還是可以融入一點(diǎn)人文主 義情懷，這就是美學(xué)價(jià)值了。我在文章中用到了: However, they came, they saw and they sped up, only to leave ash and dirt dancing in

14、 the air. 和 It was the worst of times, but it was also the best of times.當(dāng)然這不是必須的，而是看平時(shí)的積累和那么點(diǎn) 點(diǎn)文學(xué)靈感的因素。 就為我們平時(shí)備考提供了線(xiàn)索。下面我來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)，其中各個(gè)沖突并非孤立的，而是相互交織, 解決方法也是如此： Confl ict and Emotion：三沖突 Danger系列 和危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物 害怕、緊張： Scared,nervous 和危險(xiǎn)的環(huán)境 和危險(xiǎn)的人 Quarrel 系列 誤解 失望、傷心、后悔、生氣、 困惑、害羞和尷尬： Disappointed,sad,

15、shy, embarrassed, regret, angry, confused 背叛 觀念、性格、興趣不一 傷害（自尊、信任等） Frustration 系列 第一類(lèi):貧困、殘疾、孤獨(dú)（poor, disabled, loneliness）等 同情和傷心： Sympathetic,sad 第二類(lèi)：失敗、驕傲或自卑（failure, not confident / too proud）等 解決途徑基本是： 1. encouragement （某人的鼓勵(lì)的話(huà)）comfort （某人的安慰） 2. inspiration］突然靈機(jī)一動(dòng)）effort （自己的努力訓(xùn)練） 3

16、. calm （冷靜思考）kindness（某人的善良） 4. courage （勇敢做起來(lái)）love （愛(ài)心，不過(guò)這個(gè)需要和move, patience結(jié)合，愛(ài)只是底子，還需要感化和耐心等 待） 5. help （準(zhǔn)確說(shuō)是及時(shí)幫助）［模擬訓(xùn)練01 Solution and Emotion：四途徑 他人 譬如:善心和愛(ài)（love, kindness）,及時(shí)援助，安慰和 鼓勵(lì)，陪伴等 情節(jié)中： 1. 鎮(zhèn)定(calm) 2. 鼓舞(encouraged) 3. 不悅(dissatisfied) 結(jié)尾： 1. 欣慰、歡喜 (relieved, happy) 2. 感動(dòng)、感恩

17、(moved, grateful) 3. 希望、信心(hopeful, confident) 他物 譬如：河流，太陽(yáng)等 自己 譬如：effort, inspiration 自然 突出和諧，時(shí)間與成長(zhǎng) 這樣劃分后，我們就比較方便去針對(duì)性進(jìn)行訓(xùn) 練。下面且以高考真題為例進(jìn)行說(shuō)明： 卷別 Conflict Solution 2020.7 拍攝北極熊遇險(xiǎn)（浙江） 借助他物和他人：用辣椒噴霧器（文章有提示）暫退熊， 然后救援隊(duì)及時(shí)援助 情緒變化：害怕熊到暫時(shí)鎮(zhèn)定，到脫險(xiǎn)后的歡喜 賣(mài)爆米花方法救助窮人（山東） 借助他物和他人：一家決定和被救助孩子賣(mài)爆米花，路 人紛紛

18、購(gòu)買(mǎi) 情緒變化：開(kāi)始的同情到最后的開(kāi)心與感恩 2020. 1 大學(xué)生和寵物狗的離別 借助他物：父母買(mǎi)來(lái)小狗，孩子回家后，看到兩只狗彼 此陪伴和陪伴父母，明白道理 情緒變化：難過(guò)到欣慰 2018.6 父子騎馬迷路 借助他人他物：先父親安慰我，然后我們看到小河后尋 路回家 情緒變化：害怕到鎮(zhèn)定，最后到開(kāi)心 2017. 11 家庭旅游為野營(yíng)爭(zhēng)執(zhí) 借助他物：用自己帶的帳篷來(lái)野營(yíng)露宿 情緒變化：不解困惑到最后開(kāi)心 2017.6 騎車(chē)游玩遇狼脫險(xiǎn) 借助他人他物：用辣椒噴霧器（文章有提示）暫退狼， 然后路人甲及時(shí)援助 情緒變化：害怕到喜出望外，到害怕，最后開(kāi)心 20

19、16. 1() 夫婦森林旅游爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，女主人迷路 借助他人他物：想起丈夫曾經(jīng)的愛(ài)后悔，找到一個(gè)地方 先睡下，第二天跟著河水來(lái)到空地，救援隊(duì)及時(shí)趕到 讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫(xiě),使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。 John Blanchard stood up, straightened his army uniform（制服），and studied the crowd making their way through the station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he had neve

20、r seen, the girl with a rose. His interest in her began thirteen months ago in a library. Taking a book off the shelf, he found himself fascinated, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin （頁(yè)邊的空白）.The soft handwriting showed a thoughtful soul and brilliant mind. In

21、the front of the book, he discovered the owner's name, Miss Hollis MaynclL With time and effort he found her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond （通信）.The next day he was shipped overseas for military service. During the next

22、year and one month, the two begun to know each other by mail. Each letter was a seed failing on both hearts. A romance was budding. Blanchard asked for a photograph, but she refused. She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like. When the day finally came for him to retu

23、rn from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting — 7 pm at the Grand Central Station in New York, "You'll recognize me , " she wrote. "By the red rose I'll wear my dress." So at 7 : 00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he'd never seen. A young lady was

24、coming toward him. Her figure was long and slim; her blonde hair lay back from her ears; her eyes were blue as flowers; her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like springtime coming alive. He went toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing

25、 a rose. As he moved, a middle aged woman whispered, "Going my way, Sir ?" 注意：1 .所續(xù)寫(xiě)短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右； 1. 至少使用5個(gè)短文中標(biāo)有下劃線(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)； 2. 續(xù)寫(xiě)部分分為兩段，每段的開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好； 3. 續(xù)寫(xiě)完成后，請(qǐng)用下劃線(xiàn)標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。 Paragraph 1 : Almost uncontrollably he made his way to the woman, and then he noticed that she was wearing a red rose.

26、Paragraph 2 : The woman's face broadened into a big smile. 翻譯小練習(xí)： 1. 約翰?布蘭查德看到這個(gè)40多歲的女人很失望。 2. 沒(méi)錯(cuò)，她就是他等的那個(gè)女孩。 3. 盡管他想跟著那位年輕的女士，他還是停下來(lái),朝那位女士走去，向她打招呼，并 拿出他在圖書(shū)館里找到的那本書(shū)。 4. "我是約翰?布蘭查德，你一定是霍利斯?梅內(nèi)爾小姐。我非常高興你能見(jiàn)到我,我 可以請(qǐng)你吃飯嗎？" 5. "我不知道這是怎么回事，”她回答說(shuō)，"但是剛才路過(guò)的那個(gè)穿著淡綠色西裝的 年輕女士求我把紅玫瑰戴在我的外套上。 6. 她說(shuō)如果你要請(qǐng)我吃飯，我應(yīng)

27、該告訴你她在街對(duì)面的餐廳等你。她說(shuō)這是個(gè)考驗(yàn)！"參考答案： 1. 約翰?布蘭查德看到這個(gè)40多歲的女人很失望。 John Blanchard was disappointed to see the woman, who was over 40 years old. 2. 沒(méi)錯(cuò)，她就是他等的那個(gè)女孩。 Exactly, She was the girl he was wailing for. 3. 盡管他想跟著那位年輕的女士，他還是停下來(lái)，朝那位女士走去，向她打招呼，并 拿出他在圖書(shū)館里找到的那本書(shū)。 Though he would like to follow the young

28、lady, he stopped and walked toward the woman, greeted her and held out the book he found in the library. 4. "我是約翰?布蘭查德，你一定是霍利斯?梅內(nèi)爾小姐。我非常高興你能見(jiàn)到我,我 可以請(qǐng)你吃飯嗎？"T'm John Blanchard, and you must be Miss Hollis Maynell. I am more than glad you could meet me; may I take you to dinner ?""我不知道這是怎么回事,"她回答說(shuō)，"但

29、是剛才路過(guò)的那個(gè)穿著淡綠色西裝的 年輕女士求我把紅玫瑰戴在我的外套上。 "I don't know what this is about , "she answered, "but the young lady in her pale green suit who just went by begged me to wear the red rose on my coat. 5. 她說(shuō)如果你要請(qǐng)我吃飯，我應(yīng)該告訴你她在街對(duì)面的餐廳等你。她說(shuō)這是個(gè)考驗(yàn)！"And she said if you were going to invite me to dinner, I should tell

30、 you that she is waiting for you in the restaurant across the street. She said it was a test !" 參考范文： Paragraph 1 : Almost uncontrollably he made his way to the woman,and then he noticed that she was wearing a red rose. John Blanchard was disappointed to see the woman, who was over 40 years old.

31、Exactly, She was the girl he was waiting for. Though he would like to follow the young lady, he stopped and walked toward the woman, greeted her and held out the book he found in the library. 'Tm John Blanchard, and you must be Miss Hollis Maynell. I am more than glad you could meet me; may I take y

32、ou to dinner ?" Paragraph 2 : The woman's face broadened into a big smile. T don't know what this is about , "she answered, "but the young lady in her pale green suit who just went by begged me to wear the red rose on my coat. And she said if you were going to invite me to dinner, I should tell yo

33、u that she is waiting for you in the restaurant across the street. She said it was a test ! ”［模擬訓(xùn)練02 讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫(xiě),使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。 Ali and his younger sister, Zahra, lived with their parents in a poor neighborhood. Their mother was very sick and their father was struggling to find a job, and

34、they had only a little money with which to buy food. As they had not paid the rent for several months, the landlord was breathing down their necks. One day, Ali took Zahra's shoes to a shoe repairman to be fixed, but he lost them on the way home. It wasn't until he got home that he realized he had

35、lost the shoes. He was afraid that his parents would be angry and disappointed, so he begged his sister to keep it secret. Zahra agreed and the two decided to share Ali's running shoes. Zahra's school hours were in (he morning, so she would wear them first. After school, she would rush back and give

36、 them to Ali. He could then run to his school, which began in the afternoon. Although he ran as fast as he could, Ali often arrived late and was warned by the school. Ali heard about a long distance race that was held for the boys in the city. When he learned that the third prize was a new pair of

37、shoes, he decided to take part. He ran home excitedly and promised his sister that he would win her the new shoes. The day of race arrived. Ali had a strong start, but halfway through the race he began to get tired and his legs began to ache. Getting more and more exhausted he thought only of Zahra

38、 and his promise to her. Dreaming of the new shoes he would win for his sister gave him strength, and he stayed right behind the two fastest runners, determined to finish third. Suddenly, as the finish line drew near, another runner collided (碰撞)with Ali from behind and he crashed to (he ground. 注意

39、： 1. 所續(xù)寫(xiě)短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；應(yīng)使用5個(gè)以上短文中標(biāo)有下劃線(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)； 2. 續(xù)寫(xiě)部分分為兩段，每段的開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好；續(xù)寫(xiě)完成后，請(qǐng)用下劃線(xiàn)標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)椎詞語(yǔ)。 Paragraph I: Ali looked up and saw the other boys rushing ahead. Paragraph 2: Filled with delight, Ali walked home quickly. 翻譯小練習(xí): I. 在這一點(diǎn)上他拒絕放棄，他跳起來(lái)，盡可能快地跑。 2. 他沖過(guò)終點(diǎn)線(xiàn)，得了四等獎(jiǎng)。 3. 想到他會(huì)讓她妹妹失望，阿里忍不住抽泣起來(lái)。 4. 就在這時(shí)，他突然聽(tīng)到廣播里宣布他獲得了三等獎(jiǎng)，因?yàn)榕c阿里相撞的賽跑者因違 反規(guī)定被取消資格。 5. 在頒獎(jiǎng)典禮上把鞋放在胸前，阿里感到欣喜若狂，如釋重員因?yàn)樗罱K為妹妹贏得 了這雙鞋。 6. 他迫不及待地想見(jiàn)到他的妹妹并分享這個(gè)令人激動(dòng)的消息。 7. 到達(dá)時(shí)，阿里發(fā)現(xiàn)薩拉在外面等著。