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1、 第二板塊 第二部分 第1講 [小題夯基練] 請選擇以下設誤方式(張冠李戴、無中生有、曲解文意、顛倒是非、正誤參半)或正確選項特征(原文原詞、同義替換、信息歸納、正話反說)填入下表的“診斷”一欄中。 1．(2018·天津卷閱讀C節(jié)選) Food production With a 3D printer，a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake.Not everybody can do that—it takes

2、 years of experience，but a printer makes it easy.A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces”of food that are“exactly the same，”freeing cooks to complete other tasks.In another restaurant，all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed，rather than farm to table. Q：Wh

3、at benefit does 3D printing bring to food production？ 選項 診斷 A It helps cooks to create new dishes. 曲解文意 B It saves time and effort in cooking. 信息歸納 C It improves the cooking conditions. 無中生有 D It contributes to restaurant decorations. 顛倒是非 2.(2018·北京卷閱讀B節(jié)選)For the trainees，the progr

4、ams also offer a great way to earn merit badges(榮譽徽章)．At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated (模擬) flying to space with the crew from all over the world.The Aviation Challenge program gives trainee

5、s the chance to earn their Aviation badge.They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(駕駛艙)of a variety of flight simulators.Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water-and land-survival through designed tasks and

6、their search and rescue of a “downed” pilot. Q：To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to________. 選項 診斷 A fly to space 正誤參半 B get an Aviation badge first 顛倒是非 C study the principles of flight 張冠李戴 D build and fire model rockets 原文原詞 3.(2018·浙江卷閱讀A節(jié)選)In 1870，when Dickens

7、 died，the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher，famous and beloved，who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged.

8、Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂)of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. Q：Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________. 選項 診斷 A his reputation in France 顛倒是非 B his interest in modern art 顛倒是非 C his success

9、in publication 張冠李戴 D his importance in literature 同義替換 [大題提能練] A From the Forbidden City to the Great Wall，ancient Chinese people have always been praised for their building skills and wisdom.And their great skills have been passed down to modern Chinese people.Evidence of this can be seen i

10、n recent buildings，such as the National Stadium，also known as the“Bird's Nest”in Beijing，and the Shanghai Tower.And recently，China has created even more proof of its great building skills. The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge(HZMB) was opened on Oct.24,2018.The HZMB，which is located at the waters of

11、the Lingdingyang of Pearl River Estuary，is a huge sea crossing bridge，linking the Hong Kong SAR，Zhuhai City and the Macao SAR. As the world's longest sea-based project，the 55-kilometer bridge is the result of six years of research and another nine years of building. Builders had to make artifici

12、al islands in the Pearl River Delta to provide supports for the bridge.There is also a 6.7-kilometer underwater tunnel in the middle of the bridge.This is to allow ships to sail through the Delta.It has been named as one of the “seven wonders of the modern world”by The Guardian. “It is designed wit

13、h a service life of 120 years.It can endure a strong wind equal to a maximum Beaufort scale 16，”Zhu Yongling，a project official，told The Guardian.“It can also survive a magnitude-8 earthquake.”Meanwhile，the Y-shaped bridge could reduce travel time from Hong Kong to Zhuhai and Macao from more than th

14、ree hours to about 45 minutes.“The bridge will not only be a transport link.It will be a social，economic，cultural，and tourism connection among the three areas，”Yu Lie，deputy director of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Authority，said. The bridge will be open to tourists to drive across it.However

15、，local car owners will not be able to cross the bridge unless they have a special permit.Most visitors will take a shuttle bus to make the journey.The shuttle buses will cost 300 yuan for a single trip. [語篇解讀]　 一橋連三地，天塹變通途。本文主要介紹了港珠澳大橋在10月24日正式開通以及這座大橋的其他相關情況。 1．Why does the author mention some fa

16、mous buildings? A．To stress the difficulty in architecture. B．To explain the history of building. C．To make advertisements for them. D．To prove Chinese building skills. 解析：D　[推理判斷題。根據第一段中提到的古代的紫禁城和長城到現(xiàn)代的鳥巢和上海中心大廈等，通過這些著名的建筑例子，說明中國人民高超的建筑才能和智慧。] 2．Why were the artificial islands built? A．To al

17、low ships to sail safely. B．To hold up the long bridge. C．To be used as attractions. D．To serve as resting places. 解析：B　[細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段第二句可知，修建人工島的主要目的是支撐大橋。] 3．What does Zhu stress in his words? A．Where the HZMB is located. B．What the HZMB is made up of. C．How strong the HZMB is. D．When the H

18、ZMB was completed. 解析：C　[推理判斷題。第四段中提到大橋的使用壽命長達120年，它能夠抵御高達蒲福風力16級的大風，承受8級地震，推斷出朱說的話強調了大橋很堅固。] 4．How can local car owners cross the bridge? A．By getting a special permit. B．By paying some money for the trip. C．By driving a shuttle bus themselves. D．By carrying some tourists in their cars. 解析：A

19、　[細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段第二句可知，當?shù)厮緳C需要獲得特別許可證才可以通過大橋。] B (2020·武漢市高三調研)The boy sat on his chair，with his hands above the keyboard.He thought about what to write. He recalled that the competition deadline was merely a week away.But he still had not even started on his piece.He looked at the brochure again.“WR

20、ITING COMPETITION！”the title read.His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition，and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays. As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts，he realized how hopeless his task of winning was.Every story he ever wrote was based

21、on other stories.He had little imagination，and unfortunately，imagination was the key to writing. Suddenly，he had a brainwave.This time，he came up with an original and imaginative story. The words shot towards him like a storm of leaves.Words were coming easily，flowing through him，faster than he co

22、uld type.He typed faster than he ever had before.He continued to type，amazed how easy writing this story was.The boy could not stop writing.He looked at the word count and saw the number “248”staring right back at him.He was not even halfway yet. Then he heard his mother's call of saying time for b

23、ed.He continued writing the piece，ignoring her.He had to make up for the time he had lost in thinking about a topic to write. Finally，he finished.The word count now read“498”． “Perfect，”he thought，“Just under the word limit.”He knew this was the story that would win. He went to the website and se

24、arched for the competition.He found the page but there was no“Enter” button. Confused，he then re-read the page again.It read COMPETITION CLOSED. [語篇解讀]　 本文是一篇記敘文。小男孩坐在電腦前，苦思冥想地進行寫作。他參加的是一個網絡寫作比賽，可是怎么也想不出寫作主題。好一會兒后，他茅塞頓開，快速敲擊鍵盤，可是等到他寫好文章準備提交時，頁面上卻顯示“COMPETITION CLOSED”。 5．What caused the boy to ta

25、ke part in the writing competition? A．A new computer. B．The prize money. C．His own interest. D．His mom's encouragement. 解析：D　[考查細節(jié)理解。根據第二段尾句“His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition，and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays”可知，他的媽媽鼓勵他參加寫作比賽，現(xiàn)在他把寫作作為假期的

26、個人任務；據此可知，他參加寫作比賽是他媽媽鼓勵的，故D項正確。] 6．How did the boy finish his earlier writing? A．His mom helped him. B．He copied others' ideas. C．His friends assisted him. D．He used his imagination. 解析：B　[考查細節(jié)理解。根據第三段第二句“Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories”可知，他之前寫的每一個故事都是以其他故事為基礎；據此可知，以前寫作時，他

27、總是仿照別人的故事寫，故B項正確。] 7．Why did the boy delay his writing? A．Because he was terribly lazy. B．Because he didn't know what to write. C．Because he wasn't confident. D．Because he read too many stories. 解析：B　[考查細節(jié)理解。根據第一段中的“He thought about what to write”及第三段的內容“As the boy reflected on his previous wr

28、iting efforts；he realized how hopeless his task of winning was...He had little imagination，and unfortunately，imagination was the key to writing”及倒數(shù)第五段尾句“He had to...write”可知，想象力是寫作的關鍵，而他又缺乏想象力，另外，由于他不知道寫什么，故他延誤了寫作時間，故B項正確。] 8．Which might be the maximum word limit for each entry? A．100.　　　　　　 B．250. C．500. D．1000. 解析：C　[考查推理判斷。根據第七段“Finally，he finished.The word count now read‘498’”可知，他寫了498個詞，終于完成了；結合第八段第一句“'Perfect，'he thought，‘just under the word limit.’”可知，他認為太完美了，剛好低于限定的詞數(shù)；據此可以判斷，文章的最高限定詞數(shù)可能為500，故C項正確。]