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1、高中英語語法學(xué)習(xí)履習(xí)講義 虛擬語氣語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)講義13【精講版-全國通用】 用過去式表示的虛擬語氣知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié) ■在虛擬條件句中的運(yùn)用 1 .與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去式(be一般用were),主 句謂語用would /should /could /might +動(dòng)詞原形。如： If I were you, I would never do that.如果我是你，我決不做那件事。 If it weren't for (=But fbr) your help, I would still be homeless.若不是你幫忙， 我現(xiàn)在還是無家可歸。 If I had m

2、ore money, I would buy a car.我要是有再多一點(diǎn)錢，我就買汽車 了。 注：在口語中，在第一、三人稱后，也有人用waso如： If I was(were) rich, I would buy a car.我要是有錢，我就買汽車了。 2. 與將來事實(shí)相反：條件句中的謂語可用一般過去式、或者“were to /should+動(dòng)詞原形”，主句謂語用would /should /could /might +動(dòng)詞原形。如： If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would not go there.要是明天下

3、 雨，我就不去那里。 3. 與過去事實(shí)相反：條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成式，主句謂語用would /should /could /might + have + 過去分詞。如： If he had taken my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake.要是他 當(dāng)初聽從我的勸告就不會(huì)犯這么嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤了。 If it hadn't been for Margaret, I might not have understood.要不是有瑪格麗 特，我可能還不明白。 注：若虛擬條件句中有were, should, had時(shí)，可省略if

4、,將were, should, had 移至主語前。如： Were I you, I would never do that. Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn't go there. Had it not been for Margaret, I might not have understood. ■在錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句中的運(yùn)用 虛擬條件句與主句謂動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間有時(shí)不一致，要注意主從句謂語動(dòng)詞 的形式。如： If you'd listened to me, you wouldn't be in such trouble now.如果你當(dāng)初聽了

5、我 的話，你現(xiàn)在也不會(huì)有這樣的麻煩了。 ■在含蓄虛擬條件句中的運(yùn)用 有時(shí)只有主句，不出現(xiàn)虛擬條件句，而是用without, with, but for(要不是)等 介詞短語，或者用but, or, otherwise等副詞或連詞，或者用不定式或分詞短語等 來表示虛擬條件。如： But fbr (=if it had not been fbr) your help, I wouldn't have been successful.要是 沒有你的幫助，我就不會(huì)成功。 I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have helped him.我當(dāng)時(shí)很忙，要

6、不然， 我會(huì)幫助他的。 Wc couldn't have finished it without Mary.如果沒有瑪麗，我們是不能按時(shí)完 成這個(gè)工作的。 To hear him talk (=If you could hear him talk...), you'd think he was Prime Minister.聽他講話你會(huì)以為他是首相。 Given more time, I could have done it better,要是多給一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我會(huì)做得更 好。 ■在 wish, if only, as if, would rather 等后的從句中 這些從句的謂語動(dòng)

7、詞的形式是：若與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反，用-?般過去式 （動(dòng)詞be一律用were）；若與過去事實(shí)相反，用過去完成式。如： I wish it were spring here all the year round.但愿這里四季如春。 I wish I hadn't wasted so much time.但愿當(dāng)初不該浪費(fèi)這么多時(shí)間就好了。 If only she would go with me!她要是愿意和我一道去就好了 ！ If only 1 had listened to my parents!我要是聽了我父母的話就好了。 Li Ming speaks English as if

8、 he were an American.李明說英語好像是美國人。 I would rather he came tomorrow.我寧愿他明天來。 rd rather he hadn't told me about it.我寧愿他沒告訴我這事。 注：as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句若是事實(shí)，就不必用虛擬語氣。如： It looks as if it is going to rain.看起來要下雨的樣子。 ■ as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句中 He speaks English as though he were an American,他說英語跟美國人差不多。

9、 ■在Ifs time that…的that從句的謂語動(dòng)詞 It is time that we got ready for the final examination,該是我們?yōu)槠谀┛荚囎鰷?zhǔn) 備的時(shí)候了。 練習(xí) 請看下面兩道題，雖然不是考查虛擬語氣，但其中的虛擬語氣對做題至關(guān) 重要： 題 1： 一It looks as if he were drunk. 一So it does. . A. He'd better give up drinking B. He shouldn't have drunk so much C. Health is more important t

10、han drink D. I wonder why he is always doing so 【分析】此題最佳答案為D,但A、B、C均有可能誤選，主要是受題 中drunk 一詞的影響。 做此題的關(guān)鍵是要抓住It looks as if he were drunk中的關(guān)鍵詞were,因?yàn)樗?表明此句的謂語為虛擬語氣，也就是說，“他喝醉了 ”不是事實(shí)，只是他的言 行好像是喝醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D。另外注意，句中的so it does表示 強(qiáng)調(diào)，意為：他看上去的確像是喝醉了。 類似用法： 一The building looks beautiful.這房子看上去很美。 —Yes, s

11、o it does.是的，看上去的確很美。 此句中的so it does也表強(qiáng)調(diào)。 題 2： I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I too busy. A. was B. had been C. would be D. would have been 【分析】此題容易誤選B或D,認(rèn)為前句用了 had hoped,所以此句謂語要 用B或D與之呼應(yīng)。正確答案為A：前一句謂語用had hoped,表示的是過去 未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法或打算，可以譯為“本想"，而后一句說“我太忙"，這是陳述過 去的一個(gè)事實(shí)，所以要用一般過去時(shí)。請看類例(答案

12、均為A)： (1) We had hoped to catch the 10:20 train, but it was gone. A. found B. had found C. would find D. would have found (2) We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you . A. didn't B. hadn't C. would not D. would not been (3) We had wanted to come to see him, but we no time. A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had (4) I had expected to come over to see you last night but someone and I couldn't get away. A. called B. had called C. would call D. would have called