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1、專題十一連詞和狀語從句-2-考點二考點二考點三考點三考點四考點四考點五考點五考點六考點六考點一考點一考點八考點八考點七考點七考點考點九九在句中連接單詞、短語、從句或者句子的詞為連詞。根據句子的結構特點,連詞通常分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。1.并列連詞按照在句中的作用可分為:表并列關系的連詞(and,as well as,both.and.,not only.but also.,neither.nor.等)、表轉折關系的連詞(but,yet,however,while等)、表選擇關系的連詞(or,either.or.等)、表因果關系的連詞(for,so等)。(2015江蘇)It is so cold

2、 that you cant go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.天如此冷,你不能外出,除非你全身穿上厚衣服。-3-考點二考點二考點三考點三考點四考點四考點五考點五考點六考點六考點一考點一考點八考點八考點七考點七考點考點九九(2016浙江鎮(zhèn)海中學高二期中考)Change those beliefs and a new pattern will be created.改變這些信念,那么就會產生新的模式。I was glad to meet Jenny again,but I didnt want to spend all day wi

3、th her.再次見到珍妮我很高興,但是我不想整天和她在一起。2.引導名詞性從句或狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有:that,whether,if,as,when,while,till,until,since,after,before,because,though,although,so.that,where等。(2014山東) I dont really like the author,although I have to admit his books are very exciting.我實在不喜歡這位作者,盡管我不得不承認他寫的書很激動人心。-4-考點二考點二考點三考點三考點四考點四考點五考點

4、五考點六考點六考點一考點一考點八考點八考點七考點七考點考點九九1.when,while,as都可譯為“當?shù)臅r候”,但側重點有所不同。當主句動作是瞬時的、從句動作是延續(xù)的時,三者都可以用。as強調主、從句動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生。while從句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞,不能是非延續(xù)性動詞。She sang as we walked.I listened carefully while she was singing,and we felt happy when we got home.我們一邊走她一邊唱,她唱的時候我認真地聽,到家的時候我們感覺很高興。-5-考點二考點二考點三考點三考點四考點四考

5、點五考點五考點六考點六考點一考點一考點八考點八考點七考點七考點考點九九2.until 和not.untiluntil 要與延續(xù)性動詞連用;not.until 要與非延續(xù)性動詞連用。(2016浙江鎮(zhèn)海中學高二期中考)Jane completed her last novel Persuasion in 1816,but it was not published until after her death.Jane在1816年完成了她最后一部小說勸導,但是這本書在她去世后才出版。3.since意為“自從以來”,其后面所用動詞不同,該動詞所表示動作持續(xù)時間的計算方法也不同。It is two yea

6、rs since he joined the army.(他參軍兩年了。)It is two years since he smoked.(他戒煙兩年了。)-6-考點二考點二考點三考點三考點四考點四考點五考點五考點六考點六考點一考點一考點八考點八考點七考點七考點考點九九4.特殊的時間狀語從句的引導詞the moment,the minute,the instant,the second;no sooner.than.;hardly.when.等以及表示瞬間的directly,immediately等詞,表示“一就”,相當于as soon as。no sooner.than.,hardly.wh

7、en.結構中no sooner和hardly引導的句子通常用過去完成時,而than和when引導的句子通常要用一般過去時;此外,no sooner和hardly位于句首時,句子應用部分倒裝語序。Tell him the news the minute you meet Tom.你一見到湯姆就告訴他這個消息吧。Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.我剛到家就開始下雨了。-7-考點二考點二考點三考點三考點四考點四考點五考點五考點六考點六考點一考點一考點八考點八考點七考點七考點考點九九5.by the time 也可以引導時間狀語從句,意為“到時為止

8、”,主句一般用完成時。By the time he was fourteen,Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.(從句為一般過去時,主句要用過去完成時)到十四歲的時候,愛因斯坦已經自學完高等數(shù)學了。6.幾組固定形式(1)It will be+一段時間+before.多久之后才(2)It is+一段時間+since.自從以來已有多長時間了。(3)be about to do.when.;be doing.when.;on the point of doing.when.正在/要做這時-8-考點二考點二考點三考點三考點

9、四考點四考點五考點五考點六考點六考點一考點一考點八考點八考點七考點七考點考點九九It will be two days before he returns.要過兩天他才回來。It is three years since I came here.我來這里三年了。I was doing my homework when my cousin came.我正在做作業(yè),這時候我表弟來了。I was about to go out/on the point of going out when the phone rang.我正要出去,這時電話響了。-9-考點二考點二考點三考點三考點四考點四考點五考點五考

10、點六考點六考點一考點一考點八考點八考點七考點七考點考點九九常用句型:so+形容詞/副詞+that從句so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句so+many/much/little/few+名詞+that從句such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句(2016北京)Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.Natalie原來的學校受損那么嚴重,以至于她不得不暫時在Brooklyn的一個學校

11、讀書。It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk.天氣這么好,以至于我們都想出去散步。-10-考點二考點二考點三考點三考點四考點四考點五考點五考點六考點六考點一考點一考點八考點八考點七考點七考點考點九九1.because為常用詞,其語氣最重,且說明的是直接原因,用來回答why引導的問句。2.as,since和now that語氣較弱,常用來表示一些顯而易見或對方知道的原因。since譯為“既然,鑒于”時不可用as替換。(2013山東) Mark needs to learn Chinese since his co

12、mpany is opening a branch in Beijing.馬克有必要學習漢語了,因為他的公司正在北京開設分支機構。As its raining,youd better take a taxi.下雨了,你最好坐出租車。Since everybody is here,lets begin.既然大家都在,那我們就開始吧。-11-考點二考點二考點三考點三考點四考點四考點五考點五考點六考點六考點一考點一考點八考點八考點七考點七考點考點九九引導讓步狀語從句的連詞有:though,although,while,even if/though,however,no matter how,no m

13、atter what,no matter who等。1.though,although引導讓步狀語從句時都不能和but連用,但可以同yet(still)連用。(2013天津)Although/Though small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.盡管這個公司很小,但它在30多個國家里有大約1000個購買者。-12-考點二考點二考點三考點三考點四考點四考點五考點五考點六考點六考點一考點一考點八考點八考點七考點七考點考點九九2.while引導讓步狀語從句時意為“盡管,雖然”,多用于句首。(2016四川)While

14、the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now,taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.雖然迄今為止,在不同時段擠出的牛奶對人類的影響還沒有得到檢測,但那些晚上難以入睡的人仍被建議服用褪黑激素藥品。3.as/though引導讓步從句時,從句要采用倒裝語序。Child as/though he was,he knew

15、 what was the right thing to do.他盡管是個孩子,但他知道怎樣做是正確的。Young as/though he is,he is expert in this field.他雖然年輕,但在這個領域是專家。-13-考點二考點二考點三考點三考點四考點四考點五考點五考點六考點六考點一考點一考點八考點八考點七考點七考點考點九九4.whether.or not意為“無論(是否)”。Whether you believe it or not,it is true.不管你信不信,這是真的。5.however+形容詞/副詞=no matter how+形容詞/副詞.,意為“無論多

16、么”。(2013遼寧)One can always manage to do more things,no matter how full ones schedule is in life.一個人總是可以設法做更多的事情,不管在生活中時間表安排得有多滿。-14-考點二考點二考點三考點三考點四考點四考點五考點五考點六考點六考點一考點一考點八考點八考點七考點七考點考點九九6.wh-ever等一系列連詞既可引導讓步狀語從句相當于no matter wh-,也可引導名詞性從句。No matter what happened,he would not mind.=Whatever happened,he

17、 would not mind.不管發(fā)生什么,他都不介意。-15-考點二考點二考點三考點三考點四考點四考點五考點五考點六考點六考點一考點一考點八考點八考點七考點七考點考點九九條件狀語從句通常分為兩大類:真實條件句和虛擬條件句。引導條件狀語從句的連詞有:if,unless/if.not,as long as/so long as,as far as/so far as,provided/providing(that),on condition that等。1.條件狀語從句中如果主句是將來時,條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。如果條件狀語從句中出現(xiàn)過去時,則為虛擬條件句,那么主句要用相應的虛擬語氣形式。I

18、f he had listened carefully,he would have done it better.如果他認真聽講的話,他會做得更好些。-16-考點二考點二考點三考點三考點四考點四考點五考點五考點六考點六考點一考點一考點八考點八考點七考點七考點考點九九2.unless 相當于if.not,在虛擬條件句中可用if.not,但不能用unless。(201610浙江)Unless she reached the station before the express did,many,many lives would be lost.除非她趕在快車前到達車站,否則很多人將丟掉性命(性命難

19、保)。If she were not too silly,she would understand it.要不是她太笨的話,她就理解了。-17-考點二考點二考點三考點三考點四考點四考點五考點五考點六考點六考點一考點一考點八考點八考點七考點七考點考點九九地點狀語從句多用where和wherever引導。(2015安徽)Where he once felt like giving up,he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.他現(xiàn)在有決心要在自己曾經想要放棄的地方向前推進,堅持到底。-18-考點二考點二考點三考點

20、三考點四考點四考點五考點五考點六考點六考點一考點一考點八考點八考點七考點七考點考點九九目的狀語從句常用的連詞(短語)有so that(以便),in order that(以便),in case等。1.so that/in order that 引導的目的狀語從句中常用情態(tài)動詞can,could等。in order that 引導的目的狀語從句可以放在主句之前或之后,而so that引導的目的狀語從句只能放在主句之后。(2014浙江考試院高三抽測)Take action today so that/in order that you wont miss your opportunity next

21、 time.今天就行動起來,這樣下次機會來時你就不會錯過了。-19-考點二考點二考點三考點三考點四考點四考點五考點五考點六考點六考點一考點一考點八考點八考點七考點七考點考點九九2.in case 所引導的狀語從句中,謂語可以用虛擬語氣,形式為“should+動詞原形”,也可以不用虛擬語氣。You may leave the key at home in case one of us should think of/thinks of coming back.你可以把鑰匙留在家里,以免我們中有人想起要回來。-20-考點二考點二考點三考點三考點四考點四考點五考點五考點六考點六考點一考點一考點八考點

22、八考點七考點七考點考點九九方式狀語從句常由as(按照),just as(正像),as if=as though(仿佛,好像;從句可用虛擬語氣)等引導。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.老人對待這個男孩就像是自己的兒子一樣。-21-.用適當?shù)倪B詞填空1.(201610浙江改編)Because Copenhagen is strongly connected with cycling,we felt the bicycle would work well as a symbol of the hotels green pro

23、file(形象).2.(201610浙江改編)Working at home allows workers to take care of annoying housework while/when still getting their jobs done.解析:分析前后兩句的邏輯關系可知,前一句是原因,后一句是結果。因此,兩個分句是因果關系,故用because引導原因狀語從句。解析:根據句子結構可知,空格后是一個省略的時間狀語從句,與前面take care of annoying housework同時發(fā)生并延續(xù),while/when+doing表示“當在干某事時”。-22-3.(2016

24、10浙江改編)Respect your parents and teachers and value their opinions, even if/though they annoy you sometimes.4.(2016北京改編)I really enjoy listening to music because it helps me relax and takes me away from other cares of the day.解析:句意:要尊重師長,珍惜他們的意見,即使有時他們讓你很煩。根據句意填even if/though引導讓步狀語從句。解析:句意:我真的很喜歡聽音樂,

25、因為它有助于我放松心情,把我的心事從日常的其他憂愁中解放出來。主句和從句為因果關系,故用because。-23-5.(2016江蘇改編)While some people are motivated by a need for success,others are motivated by a fear of failure.6.(2015安徽改編)Though/Although/While scientists have learned a lot about the universe,there is much we still dont know.解析:從句子結構來看,兩個分句為對比轉折

26、關系,應用while表示“然而”。句意:有人渴望成功而產生動力,而另一些人卻因害怕失敗而產生動力。解析:句意:雖然科學家們對宇宙有了很多了解,但是仍然有許多東西我們不知道。句中的逗號前后皆為句子,因此空格處應填連詞;根據句意前后為讓步關系,故填Though/Although/While引導讓步狀語從句,意為“雖然”。-24-7.(2015重慶改編)If you miss this chance,it may be years before you get another one.8.(2015陜西改編)I believe you will have a wonderful time here

27、once/if/when you get to know everyone else.解析:句意:如果你錯過這次機會,可能再過數(shù)年你才會得到另一次機會。此處考查句型“it may be+時間段+before.”,表示“要過才”。解析:分析句子前后的邏輯關系可以看出,“you get to know everyone else”是“you will have a wonderful time”的前提,所以句子后半部分應該是一個條件或者時間狀語從句。因此空格處可以填once/if/when。句意:我相信一旦/如果/當你認識了這里其他所有的人,你會過得開心的。-25-9.(2015天津改編)We n

28、eed to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.10.(2015北京改編)He is a shy man, but he is not afraid of anything or anyone.解析:句意:在我們解決問題之前,我們必須弄清問題的根源。根據句意可知,先弄清根源,再解決問題,所以用before引導時間狀語從句。解析:句意:他是一個靦腆的人,但是他不害怕任何事情或任何人。前后兩句在內容上構成轉折關系,所以填but。-26-.完成句子1.我認為她不會難過的,但是以防萬一我還是去安慰她一下。I dont think

29、 shell be sad but Ill go and comfort her in case she is.2.除非你努力學習,否則你別指望學到什么東西。You can never expect to learn anything unless you study hard.3.對銀行而言,只要貸款能準時償還就好,至于如何償還倒不重要。How the loan is paid should be of little concern to the bank as long as it is paid on time.-27-4.聯(lián)合國官員說還需要好幾個星期甚至幾個月才能達成協(xié)議。The UN

30、 officials say it could be many weeks and even months before the deal is reached.5.盡管電子郵件受到越來越多人的歡迎,但我更愿意寫信。 Although/Though/While email is an increasingly popular means of communication,I prefer writing letters.-28-.根據短文內容,用恰當?shù)脑~填空I really love my job because I enjoy working with small children and

31、like the challenges and awards from the job.I also think my work is important.There was a time 1.when I thought I would never have that sort of career.I wasnt an excellent student 2.because I didnt do much schoolwork.In my final term I started thinking 3.what I might do and found I didnt have much t

32、o offer.I just accepted that I wasnt the type to have a career.-29-I then found myself a job,looking after two little girls.It wasnt too bad at first.But the problems began 4.when I agreed to live with them 5.so I would be there if my boss had to go out for business in the evening.6.If I had to work

33、 extra hours one week,shed give me time off the next week.But unfortunately,it didnt go as planned.I was getting extremely tired and fed up,because I had too many late nights and early mornings with the children.-30-One Sunday,I was in the park with the children,and met Megan 7.who/that used to go t

34、o school with me.I told her about my situation.She suggested that I should do a course and get a qualification(資格證書) 8.if I wanted to work with children.I didnt think I would be accepted 9.because I didnt take many exams at school.She persuaded me to phone the local college and they were really help

35、ful.My experience counted for a lot and I took a part-time course.I had to leave my job with the family,and got work helping out at a kindergarten.Now Ive got a full-time job there.I shall always be thankful to Megan.10.How I wish I had known that earlier!You could have a career,even if you arent th

36、e top of the class at school.-31-解析:1. 分析句子結構可知,time后為定語從句。There was a time when.“曾有一段的時期”。2. 根據句意,此處應用because引導原因狀語從句。3. thinking后是賓語從句,且從句中缺少賓語。4. when引導時間狀語從句。5. 此處省略了that。句意:以便我的老板晚上出去做生意時,我能在那里照看孩子。6. agree后是作者與老板協(xié)議的內容:如果我有一周加班的話,下一周她就會讓我相應地休息。根據句意可知,此處用if表示條件。7. 分析句子結構可知Megan后為定語從句,且從句中缺少主語,故用關系代詞who/that。8. 句意:她建議如果我想做能與孩子接觸的相關工作,我應該學習相關課程并取得資格證書。根據句意可知用if表示條件。9. 兩個分句之間是因果關系,故用because連接。10. 此處用how構成感嘆句。