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1、 課時27　短文改錯 一、短文改錯的特點(diǎn) 短文改錯著重考查學(xué)生的語言基本功和正確使用英語進(jìn)行表達(dá)的能力，它是一種在較高層次上考查考生對英語知識的掌握和對語言的綜合運(yùn)用能力的測試題型。這種題型不僅要求考生牢固掌握一定的詞匯和語法知識，還要求考生具有一定的閱讀理解和邏輯推理能力。它是針對考生平時學(xué)習(xí)英語過程中，尤其是寫作中常犯的錯誤而設(shè)計的，所以在考生平時寫作中常出現(xiàn)的錯誤是短文改錯考查的重點(diǎn)。 1．立意特點(diǎn)。短文改錯是全面考查考生對英語基礎(chǔ)知識的靈活運(yùn)用能力的一種題型，這不僅檢測考生的語法知識，也全國考查考生的寫作能力。 2．情景特點(diǎn)。(1)短文改錯的語言材料通常來自考生的文章或類

2、似于考生習(xí)作的文章。所以材料篇幅較短，約110詞左右，10～12個句子；難度不大，基本上無生僻的詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。短文改錯的話題較常見，通常是敘述一件事情或說明一個事物。這種試題能反映出考生準(zhǔn)備運(yùn)用語言的能力。(2)從體裁上看，歷年高考試題中的短文改錯以記敘文和應(yīng)用文為主，兼顧說明文和議論文。 3．設(shè)題特點(diǎn)。短文改錯常從詞法、句法和行文邏輯三個角度設(shè)題，要求考生識別并糾正短文中的語言知識錯誤，旨在考查考生在語篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語的能力。短文改錯的錯誤類型有多詞、缺詞和錯詞三種，在文章的10個錯誤中，其比例一般為1∶1∶8，即1個多詞、1個缺詞、8個錯詞。錯詞多為動詞、名詞和副詞 等方面的錯誤；多詞

3、和缺詞則多為冠詞和介詞的冗余或缺失等。短文改錯的考查點(diǎn)注意有：形容詞和副詞的比較等級、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、固定短語、人稱代詞指代的一致性、物主代詞、從句的連接詞、時態(tài)、介詞、情態(tài)動詞以及非謂語動詞等。 二、解題技巧 第一步：通讀全文——找錯。通讀全文的目的是理解短文大意，找出其中邏輯方面的錯誤。這一過程中一定要注意檢查句與句之間的銜接是否合理，是否出現(xiàn)邏輯方面的錯誤，文章總體上使用的是什么時態(tài)，代詞指代是否明確，上下文是否出現(xiàn)自相矛盾的地方等。 第二步：字斟句酌——辨析。改錯既要防止只見樹木不見森林、拘泥細(xì)節(jié)的做法，又要避免粗枝大葉、忽略細(xì)節(jié)的錯誤。在近幾年的高考短文改錯試題中，細(xì)節(jié)性錯誤占百

4、分之七八十，所以做此類題時一定要仔細(xì)研究文章的每一個細(xì)節(jié)，不放過任何一處可能存在的問題，每一個單詞都要斟酌一下是否使用正確。 第三步：再讀全文——復(fù)查。這一步主要檢查有沒有語言不通、缺詞漏詞的現(xiàn)象，因果、轉(zhuǎn)折或順承等邏輯有沒有問題，時態(tài)語態(tài)是否一致合理等。在這一過程中要將之前改不出來的部分再看一遍，檢查?？嫉脑O(shè)錯點(diǎn)有沒有缺漏等，例如：如果沒有名詞單復(fù)數(shù)或動詞時態(tài)方面的錯誤，那么就要再通讀原文查找是否出現(xiàn)了這方面的錯誤；通讀時發(fā)現(xiàn)有設(shè)錯點(diǎn)重復(fù)的，也要加以改正。比如出現(xiàn)了兩處冠詞的錯誤，那么就要檢查一下是否兩個真的都錯了還是哪個在改動上有誤。 【典題演練】 (2017·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ卷) 假

5、定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。 In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday，I took driving lessons.I still remember h

6、ow hard first day was.Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructor's orders，so once I started the car，my mind goes blank.I forgot what he had said to me altogether.The instructor kept repeating the word，“Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！” I was so much nervous that I could

7、 hardly tell which direction was left.A few minutes late，the instructor asked me to stop the car.It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road. 【能力提升演練】 A Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a hal

8、f to go to work every day.In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house.They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.They have also bought for some gardening tools.Beside，they often get some useful informations fr

9、om the Internet.When summer came，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! B A woman was at a cinema and she was enjoying the movie very much. But there was a man sit beside her in the next seat. He was looking for something. The woman was angrily and said to the man, “What are yo

10、u doing, sir? What are you looking ? Could you please keep quiet？” “I was looking for a piece of chocolate.” the man said, “I dropped them on the floor.” “The piece of chocolate？” the woman said angrily. “It is dirty now. Taking this and to be quiet.” She gave the man a big piece of chocolate. “And，

11、” the man said, “my teeth are in the pieces of chocolate on the floor.” C When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies.I had grown not only physically，and also mentally in the past few years.About one month after this photo was took，I entered my second year of high school

12、 and become a new member of the school music club.Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the late music albums.This picture ofte

13、n brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. D My parents live in the country.They keep a dog calling Ah Fu. One day my parent went to work in the field take my little sister and Ah Fu along.While they were working，my little sister walked to the river nearby.Ah Fu followed her

14、 to there.She was trying to pick a flower while she fell into the river.Ah Fu barked and jumped the water immediately.When my parents heard Ah Fu barking or ran to the river，we saw Ah Fu swimming towards the bank carrying my little sister.My parents praised Ah Fu warm.It was our brave Ah Fu who has

15、saved my little sister. E Dear Tom， How are you going it? You asked me in your last letter about my plan for the coming summer vacation. I am sorry that I didn't reply with delay. However, I was busy prepared for my final exam at that time, when is vital for me. As a result, I had no choice but

16、to completely focus on my study. I believe that if you are me, you would make a same choice. By the way, I have a busy schedule for my summer vacations. First and foremost, I would do a part-time job so that our interpersonal skills would be improved. Additional, maybe I will work as a volunteer fo

17、r the school as a teaching assistant. I am looking forward your earliest reply. Yours， Li Hua F Behind my apartment，there was used to be a dirty and messy corner. Bits of plastic bags hanged on the trees.Broken bottles were left laying here and there.There was a damaging car in the center.The wh

18、ole corner gave out a unpleasant smell.One year ago，we decided to turn it in a beautiful park.Since then，great changes have taken place in that corner.All the rubbishes has been cleared away.Flowers or young trees have been planted all over.Now birds come here to sing, children come here to play，and

19、 adults come here to enjoy our peaceful life.It has taken a new look. G We can do a lot in our daily life to achieve the goal of low-carbon life. First, we'd better turn off lights if possibly and spent less time watching TV or surfing the Internet. Save water also matters a lot. Beside, we should

20、 sort out the rubbish, hoping that we might recycle some of them, which will surely benefit from us a great deal. In addition, we suggest using handkerchief instead of tissues so that we can prevent more trees from cut down. More importantly, when we go out, walking, riding bikes or taking buses sho

21、uld be our first choice, which contribute to a clean world. H Mr. and Mrs. Black went to see the movie yesterday evening. They couldn't leave their son at home alone, therefore he was only ten months old. They had to take her to the cinema. When they walked in, office worker stopped them but said,

22、 “You'll have to get out if your little son cry, but you can get all your money back.” Forty minute later, Mr. Black asked his wife, “How do you think of the movie？” “It's too bored！” answered his wife. “I don't like it, too.” Mr. Black said，“Why not wake up our son and let him to cry？” I It is k

23、nown to all, nowadays the Internet is playing the more and more important part in our daily life.In it, we can not only read news at home and abroad also get so much information as possible.We are often send e-mails to our classmates or our teachers or make telephone calls to our family as well as o

24、ur friends.However, we can go to school on the net, read different kinds of books and even teach myself English.We can also enjoying music, watch sports and play computer games on the net.We could do shopping even without leaving our homes. J Have you ever wanted to make your own movies? The new W

25、indows 7 Live might perfect for you. Microsoft launched its new program and say the new system is fast and more fun than the old one. According to Microsoft, children will find that easier to play and learn with Windows 7. Engineers and designers at Microsoft worked hard to creating the program. Wit

26、h the new program, making movies and the other creative projects is something which anyone can do. Microsoft engineers have also created a game calling Kodu. It lets children create your own world and the characters in it. Microsoft hopes to change why children use computers. K I saw an accident h

27、appening on my way to home this afternoon. A girl was crossing the street on a zebra crossing while a young man drove a motorbike towards her. The young man saw the girl and tried to stop, and he drove too fast to stop. He hit the girl and fell off her motorbike. The girl was badly hurt and couldn't

28、 move. The young man didn't know how to do. I ran to a phone box nearby and dialed 110. Soon the police reached. They sent her hospital at once. One of the policeman talked to the young man and wrote something down while he was talking. I thought it is very dangerous to drive very fast. L I'd like

29、 to tell you something about the problem of pollution we are facing to. As we know, the factory beside our school gave off heavy smoke all day long. Very loudly noises hurt our ears. Rubbish and waste are thrown here or there. It also sends out polluting water and poisonous gas. All this has done gr

30、eat harms to the health and study of the teachers and students. But as time goes by, little has done to change the situation. I don't think you can study well after the problem is solved. We do hope if you'll help and support us. M I watch TV until nearly 12 o'clock, so I could not go over my less

31、ons. This morning I got up very late that I had to hurry to school without breakfast. Yet I was late for the first class. When I entered the classroom, the math teacher also had to stop explaining a problem, and all the eyes fixed upon me. My face turned red. Something even had happened on me in the

32、 English class. The teacher asked me to recite the text, but I could speak nothing but sorry, because I did not spend any times preparing my lessons. The teacher looked at me coldly. I stood at my bench, not dare to raise my head. What a terrible day I had! I will never do something like this again.

33、 N Reading books is good for us. So far, I have read numerous books, such as magazine, novels, story books and so on. Yet one of the books that I like it best is My Life Story. It was created by Helen Keller, a blind, deaf and dumb person. In the book, she write that she had not been able to see,

34、 hear and speak since the age of one year and seven months. If she was seven years old, she knew Miss Sullivan, her private tutor. Miss Sullivan helped her learn how write English words. At first, Miss Sullivan wrote any words on Helen's hands with her own fingers again and again. Helen tried as muc

35、h as possible to remember words and her efforts paying off. After that, she wrote and published many famous works, among that is My Life Story. It shows us an universal truth: Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it! This is why I like it best. 第四部分　寫作專項(xiàng)演練 課時27　短文改錯 【典題演練】 In the sum

36、mer holiday following my birthday，I took driving lessons.I still remember how hard first day was.Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructor's orders， once I started the car，my mind blank.I forgot what he had said to me altogether.The instructor kept repeating the ，“Speed u

37、p！” “Slow down！”“ left！” I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.A few minutes ，the instructor asked me to stop the car.It was a relief and I came to a stop just in the middle the road. 【能力提升演練】 A Mr.and Mrs.Zhang work in our school.They live far from the school，and

38、 it takes them about hour and a half to go to work every day.In their spare time，they are in planting vegetables in their garden， is on the rooftop of their house.They often get up and water the vegetables together.They have also bought some gardening tools.，they often get some useful from the I

39、nternet.When summer ，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! B A woman was at a cinema and she was enjoying the movie very much. But there was a man beside her in the next seat. He was looking for something. The woman was and said to the man, “What are you doing, sir? What ar

40、e you looking ？ Could you please keep quiet？” “I looking for a piece of chocolate.” the man said, “I dropped on the floor.” “ piece of chocolate？”the woman said angrily. “It is dirty now. this and be quiet.” She gave the man a big piece of chocolate. “，” the man said, “my teeth are in the of ch

41、ocolate on the floor.” C When I look at this picture of myself，I realize how fast time flies.I grown not only physically， also mentally in the past few years.About one month after this photo was ，I entered my second year of high school and a new member of the school music club.Around me in pic

42、ture are the things were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studying kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the music albums.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of high school days. D My parents live in

43、 the country.They keep a dog Ah Fu. One day my went to work in the field my little sister and Ah Fu along.While they were working, my little sister walked to river nearby.Ah Fu followed her there.She was trying to pick a flower she fell into the river.Ah Fu barked and jumped the water immedia

44、tely.When my parents heard Ah Fu barking ran to the river， saw Ah Fu swimming towards the bank carrying my little sister.My parents praised Ah Fu .It was our brave Ah Fu who has saved my little sister. E Dear Tom， How are you going ？ You asked me in your last letter about my plan for the coming

45、summer vacation. I am sorry that I didn't reply delay. However, I was busy for my final exam at that time, is vital for me. As a result, I had no choice but to completely focus on my study. I believe that if you me, you would make same choice. By the way, I have a busy schedule for my summer

46、. First and foremost, I would do a part-time job so that interpersonal skills would be improved. ， maybe I will work as a volunteer for the school as a teaching assistant. I am looking forward your earliest reply. Yours， Li Hua F Behind my apartment，there used to be a dirty and messy corner.

47、Bits of plastic bags on the trees.Broken bottles were left here and there.There was a car in the center.The whole corner gave out unpleasant smell.One year ago, we decided to turn it a beautiful park.Since then，great changes have taken place in that corner.All the has been cleared away.Flowers

48、 young trees have been planted all over.Now birds come here to sing, children come here to play, and adults come here to enjoy peaceful life.It has taken a new look. G We can do a lot in our daily life to achieve the goal of low-carbon life. First, we'd better turn off lights if and less time

49、 watching TV or surfing the Internet. water also matters a lot. ， we should sort out the rubbish, hoping that we might recycle some of ， which will surely benefit us a great deal. In addition, we suggest using instead of tissues so that we can prevent more trees from cut down. More importantly,

50、when we go out, walking, riding bikes or taking buses should be our first choice, which to a world. H Mr. and Mrs. Black went to see the movie yesterday evening. They couldn't leave their son at home alone, he was only ten months old. They had to take to the cinema. When they walked in, office

51、 worker stopped them said, “You'll have to get out if your little son ， but you can get all your money back.” Forty later, Mr. Black asked his wife, “ do you think of the movie？” “It's too ！” answered his wife. “I don't like it, .” Mr. Black said，“Why not wake up our son and let him cry？” I i

52、s known to all, nowadays the Internet is playing more and more important part in our daily life. it, we can not only read news at home and abroad also get so much information as possible.We often send e-mails to our classmates or our teachers or make telephone calls to our as well as our friend

53、s. ， we can go to school on the net, read different kinds of books and even teach English.We can also music, watch sports and play computer games on the net.We do shopping even without leaving our homes. J Have you ever wanted to make your own movies? The new Windows 7 Live might perfect for y

54、ou. Microsoft launched its new program and the new system is and more fun than the old one. According to Microsoft, children will find easier to play and learn with Windows 7. Engineers and designers at Microsoft worked hard to the program. With the new program, making movies and other creative

55、 projects is something anyone can do. Microsoft engineers have also created a game Kodu. It lets children create own world and the characters in it. Microsoft hopes to change children use computers. K I saw an accident on my way home this afternoon. A girl was crossing the street on a zebra

56、crossing a young man drove a motorbike towards her. The young man saw the girl and tried to stop, he drove too fast to stop. He hit the girl and fell off motorbike. The girl was badly hurt and couldn't move. The young man didn't know to do. I ran to a phone box nearby and dialed 110. Soon the po

57、lice . They sent her hospital at once. One of the talked to the young man and wrote something down while he was talking. I it is very dangerous to drive very fast. L I'd like to tell you something about the problem of pollution we are facing . As we know, the factory beside our school off heav

58、y smoke all day long. Very noises hurt our ears. Rubbish and waste are thrown here there. It also sends out water and poisonous gas. All this has done great to the health and study of the teachers and students. But as time goes by, little has done to change the situation. I don't think can stu

59、dy well the problem is solved. We do hope you'll help and support us. M I TV until nearly 12 o'clock, so I could not go over my lessons. This morning I got up late that I had to hurry to school without breakfast. Yet I was late for the first class. When I entered the classroom, the math teache

60、r had to stop explaining a problem, and all the eyes fixed upon me. My face turned red. Something even happened me in the English class. The teacher asked me to recite the text, but I could nothing but sorry, because I did not spend any preparing my lessons. The teacher looked at me coldly. I

61、stood at my bench, not to raise my head. What a terrible day I had! I will never do like this again. N Reading books is good for us. So far, I have read numerous books, such as ， novels, story books and so on. Yet one of the books that I like best is My Life Story. It was created by Helen Kell

62、er, a blind, deaf and dumb person. In the book, she that she had not been able to see, hear speak since the age of one year and seven months. she was seven years old, she knew Miss Sullivan, her private tutor. Miss Sullivan helped her learn how write English words. At first, Miss Sullivan wrote

63、 words on Helen's hands with her own fingers again and again. Helen tried as much as possible to remember words and her efforts off. After that, she wrote and published many famous works, among is My Life Story. It shows us universal truth: Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it! This is why I like it best. 13