《高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第三部分 題型強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練 專題一 閱讀理解 第5課時(shí) 鎖定上下邏輯攻克閱讀“七選五”課件》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第三部分 題型強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練 專題一 閱讀理解 第5課時(shí) 鎖定上下邏輯攻克閱讀“七選五”課件（22頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第第5課時(shí)鎖定上下邏輯課時(shí)鎖定上下邏輯攻克閱讀攻克閱讀“七選五七選五”怎么考“7選5”以考查細(xì)節(jié)理解為主，以說(shuō)明文和議論文居多。該題型要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上的前后聯(lián)系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，對(duì)諸如連貫性、一致性等語(yǔ)段特征有較強(qiáng)的意識(shí)和熟練的把握，并具備運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)分析理解長(zhǎng)難句的能力。其選項(xiàng)一般分為三類：主旨概括句、過(guò)渡性句子或注釋性句子?？挤?考查對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)的理解和掌握(1)描述性結(jié)構(gòu)：主要介紹人物、事物、問(wèn)題或傾向的特點(diǎn)；對(duì)人物的描述，如傳記，包括人物的身體特征、家庭背景、成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程、個(gè)性愛(ài)好、成就貢獻(xiàn)等內(nèi)容，時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)往往是出題重點(diǎn)；(2)釋義性結(jié)構(gòu)

2、：解釋某一理論、學(xué)科、事物，主要用舉例、類比等方法進(jìn)行闡述；(3)比較性結(jié)構(gòu)：把兩個(gè)人或事物的功能、特點(diǎn)、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比；(4)原因性結(jié)構(gòu)：主要分析事物的成因；(5)駁斥性結(jié)構(gòu)：先介紹一種觀點(diǎn)，之后對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析、評(píng)論或駁斥，最后闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)。考法2考查對(duì)上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握語(yǔ)段的句際關(guān)系可分為因果、并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、層遞、總分等類別。?？疾榈倪B接性詞匯有：(1)因果關(guān)系：so，therefore，thus，hence，accordingly，consequently，as a result等；(2)并列關(guān)系：first，second，third.；firstly，secondly，third

3、ly.；first，next，then.；in the first place，in the second place，.；for one thing，for another.等；(3)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but，however，nevertheless，nonetheless，still，though，yet，in spite of，on the contrary，by contrast，conversely，otherwise等；(4)層遞關(guān)系：also，further，furthermore，moreover，in addition，whats more，not only.but also.等。怎

4、么學(xué)針對(duì)該題型的考法，在平時(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中，注意把握文章的體裁。分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，把握全文脈絡(luò)。語(yǔ)篇通常由段落構(gòu)成，所以分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)包括兩個(gè)層次：一是分析段落之間的層次，也就是語(yǔ)篇層次；二是分析每個(gè)段落內(nèi)部的層次，即句際層次，尤其是選項(xiàng)與前(后)句之間的邏輯關(guān)系等。另外，在平時(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中，培養(yǎng)自己辨別語(yǔ)境線索的能力。語(yǔ)境線索主要指反映上下文關(guān)系的銜接手段，如篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、詞語(yǔ)重現(xiàn)、邏輯關(guān)系、連接、指稱、同構(gòu)等。詞語(yǔ)重現(xiàn)是指詞語(yǔ)的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，但這里不是指詞語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單重現(xiàn)，而是指某一詞語(yǔ)可能以不同的詞性、數(shù)、格、時(shí)、態(tài)等形式出現(xiàn)，如read，reading，reader，readers；還可能是以同義詞、近義

5、詞甚至反義詞等形式出現(xiàn)。邏輯關(guān)系是事物之間內(nèi)在的、必然的聯(lián)系，包括時(shí)間先后關(guān)系、空間位置關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系等。連接是指用連接詞或連接語(yǔ)表明上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如and，however。指稱是指用代詞替代前文已出現(xiàn)的人物、事件、物品等，如he，she，they。同構(gòu)是指上下文使用了相同或類似的句式。怎么解步驟1通讀整篇文章對(duì)文章進(jìn)行快速瀏覽，把握段落語(yǔ)脈，尋找主題句，理出文章的中心，掌握文章結(jié)構(gòu)及文章的寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容。注意文章的開(kāi)始與結(jié)束段落，尤其是文章首段及末段的末句，因?yàn)椤伴_(kāi)門見(jiàn)山”與“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”為常見(jiàn)的寫(xiě)作方式。首段的末句很可能是全文的主題所在，并簡(jiǎn)要指出文章的寫(xiě)作思路，有時(shí)甚至?xí)蕴峋V的形式進(jìn)行

6、呈現(xiàn)。步驟2詳讀段落在短時(shí)間內(nèi)，找出每段內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵詞，注意關(guān)鍵詞之間的關(guān)系。將所有句子按意義分出層次，再分析各層次之間的關(guān)系，明確各段的主題句或主旨大意。步驟3定位選項(xiàng)明確各備選選項(xiàng)的含義，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)與具體內(nèi)容，將選項(xiàng)填入文中。填寫(xiě)時(shí)尤其要注意各選項(xiàng)的句子的銜接手段及句中的銜接標(biāo)志詞。步驟4通讀復(fù)檢將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點(diǎn)檢查邏輯關(guān)系。 步驟5注意一些詞類的用法(1)注意代詞。代詞是用來(lái)指代名詞或句子的。做題時(shí)，一定要注意句中出現(xiàn)的人稱代詞或指示代詞，然后通過(guò)代詞在句中所作的成分推斷出它指代的成分的類型，進(jìn)而從選項(xiàng)中找到答案。(2)注意特殊疑問(wèn)詞。如果選項(xiàng)中

7、或題空前出現(xiàn)特殊疑問(wèn)詞，一定要把這句話仔細(xì)讀幾遍，因?yàn)獒槍?duì)不同特殊疑問(wèn)詞的回答方式是不一樣的。比如對(duì)why的回答，要有because等表示原因的詞；對(duì)when的回答，要有表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)；對(duì)where的回答，要有表示地點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)；對(duì)how的回答，要有表示方式或程度的狀語(yǔ)等。(3)注意連詞。如表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞有but，however，yet，though等；表示并列關(guān)系的連詞有and，or，on one hand.on the other hand等。步驟6確定排除研究多余選項(xiàng)，確定排除理由，最終確定答案?！镜淅饰?】體裁：說(shuō)明文話題：人的壽命詞數(shù)：267時(shí)間：7根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能

8、填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。(2016四川卷)Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries._1_In general，they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.One reason for this is biological.One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormo

9、nes between men and women._2_Between the ages of about 12 and 50，women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力).These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow.In fact，women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks._3_They help

10、the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men.The common cold is a good example: women，on average，get fewer colds than men._4_Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging，but they believe tha

11、t they do.Some think that a womans body cells have a tendency (傾向) to age more slowly than a mans.Others think that a mans body cells have a tendency to age more quickly._5_A.However，women，on average，live longer.B.The biological factor plays an important part.C.Women are also helped by their female

12、genes.D.The female hormones also protect the body in another way.E.Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.F.Therefore，women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.G.Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)

13、明文。介紹了女性比男性壽命長(zhǎng)的原因。1.A上下文過(guò)渡句。根據(jù)空后的“they can expect to live six or seven years more than men”可知，這是對(duì)空格處作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明。2.G上下文過(guò)渡句?？崭袂熬湔f(shuō)明女性比男性壽命長(zhǎng)的原因在于“hormones”的不同，接著對(duì)“hormones”作進(jìn)一步的解釋。3.D上下文過(guò)渡句?？蘸笕渲饕v述雌激素在抵抗疾病方面的作用。4.C上下文過(guò)渡句?？蘸笾饕v述基因與年老的關(guān)系。C項(xiàng)中的genes與空后句中的genes是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。5.E細(xì)節(jié)支撐句?？涨爸v述了科學(xué)家們的兩種不同觀點(diǎn)，E項(xiàng)中的“both of these

14、possibilities”指的就是這兩種不同觀點(diǎn)?！镜淅饰?】體裁：說(shuō)明文話題：冒險(xiǎn)詞數(shù)：404時(shí)間：8根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。(2016北京卷)The Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward，the risk seems worth taking._6_ Some of us enjoy activitie

15、s that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why？Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.Risk-takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring._7_As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one ge

16、neration to the next，humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then？Well，even 200，000 years ago，too much risk-taking could get one killed.A few daring survived，though，along with a few stay-in-the-cave types.As a result，humans deve

17、loped a range of character types that still exists today.So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it._8_No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range，scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years._9_To help you do that，your brain increases your hung

18、er for new experiences.New experiences often mean taking some risks，so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well._10_ For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active，while for the rest of us，a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to

19、 study the science of risk-seeking，well continue to hit the mountains，the waves or the shallow end of the pool.A.It all depends on your character.B.Those are the risks you should jump to take.C.Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.D.Thus，these well-equipped people survived

20、 because they were the fittest.E.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.F.However，we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.G.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為說(shuō)明

21、文。主要探討了為什么某些人喜歡冒險(xiǎn)，它們冒險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)機(jī)是什么等。6.F根據(jù)空前面的“weigh the risk and the reward”可以看出和F項(xiàng)中的“weigh risks and rewards”對(duì)應(yīng)，同時(shí)F項(xiàng)與空格前面的一句話之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，句意銜接緊密，故選F。7.C根據(jù)空前面的“better at hunting，fishing，or exploring”可以看出和C項(xiàng)中的“Being better at those things”相呼應(yīng)。故選C項(xiàng)。8.A空格前第二句中出現(xiàn)character types與A選項(xiàng)中的character相對(duì)應(yīng)；空格前一句中的you 與選項(xiàng)中的yo

22、ur在人稱上保持一致，空格前一句中動(dòng)詞love與hate和A選項(xiàng)中的depends on保持對(duì)應(yīng)，故選A項(xiàng)。9.E空格前一句出現(xiàn)了teenager years 與E選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中的this 相對(duì)，另外E選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中提到 move away from family into the bigger world也是對(duì)空格前一句中的teenager years的解釋。故選E項(xiàng)。10.G空格后一句中提及pleasure和fear，是從正反兩方面進(jìn)行對(duì)比，對(duì)應(yīng)G項(xiàng)中的differently，再根據(jù)空格后一句中出現(xiàn)的riskseeker，brain，us等詞與選項(xiàng)G中的nervous situation，our brains相對(duì)應(yīng)，故選G項(xiàng)。