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1、 第一章第一章 名詞名詞一、中考考查重點(diǎn)一、中考考查重點(diǎn)1.可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞2.名詞的單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)3.名詞所有格名詞所有格4.單位詞單位詞5.名詞作定語名詞作定語e.g a drop of water 考點(diǎn)揭密考點(diǎn)揭密1.掌握名詞的概念、分類，名詞可分為：普通名詞和掌握名詞的概念、分類，名詞可分為：普通名詞和專有名詞；專有名詞；2.掌握名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成、用法；名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方掌握名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成、用法；名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法及用法；法及用法；3.理解名詞在句中的功能，掌握名詞作主語、表語、理解名詞在句中的功能，掌握名詞作主語、表語、賓語、復(fù)合賓語、定語、狀語和

2、同位語的用法；賓語、復(fù)合賓語、定語、狀語和同位語的用法；4.能夠辨析部分名詞的用法區(qū)別，并熟練運(yùn)用，如：能夠辨析部分名詞的用法區(qū)別，并熟練運(yùn)用，如：family, home, house, work, job等等.5.主謂一致的用法。主謂一致的用法。 概念1.表示一類人或事物個體的名詞叫個體名詞：book ，eraser ， house ， chair， student， waiter表示由若干個個體組合成的集合體的名詞稱為集體名詞: class ， family ， group， team 物質(zhì)名詞表示無法分為個體的實(shí)物的名詞: milk ，water ， coffee ， tea 抽象名詞

3、表示狀態(tài)品質(zhì)感情等抽象概念的名詞: idea ， happiness ， love ，knowledge， information， advice 名詞 專有名詞:the Great Wall,Janpanese,America, Beijing University,Tuesday,March,Amy普通名詞 可數(shù)名詞 個體名詞： 集體名詞： 不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞：抽象名詞：pleasure,noise,room,love,knowledge,advice,money可數(shù)名詞 單數(shù)名詞: a +（形容詞）+單數(shù)單數(shù) 單數(shù)名詞：單數(shù)名詞：an+（形容詞）（形容詞）+單數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù) 不可數(shù)名詞 可數(shù)

4、名詞的特點(diǎn)1. 有單復(fù)數(shù) 2. 修飾詞與不可數(shù)名詞不同，如：many, a great many of, a few, few 專門修飾可數(shù)名詞，不能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。3. 特殊疑問句問數(shù)量時，用 how many 來問。 (1) 單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞: a +（形容詞）（形容詞）+單數(shù)單數(shù) 注意：注意：a 用于輔音用于輔音音素前，音素前，如： a house, a yellow car, a book, a teacher, a pear (2)單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞：an+（形容詞）（形容詞）+單數(shù)單數(shù) 注意：注意： *an 用于元音音素前用于元音音素前 *注意后面所跟的詞的第一個字注意后面所跟的詞的

5、第一個字母的發(fā)音，是否發(fā)音。母的發(fā)音，是否發(fā)音。 *注意后面跟的詞的第一個字母注意后面跟的詞的第一個字母如是元音字母如是元音字母u，所發(fā)的音是否，所發(fā)的音是否/ju:/,如如是，不定冠詞就用是，不定冠詞就用aan eraser，an uncomfortable seatan evening，an apple， an orange，an e-mailan egg，an example，an exciting thing，an alarm clockan answer，an anut，an uncle，an action moviean actoran afternoon，an art club，

6、 an eventan English student，an ID card記住特殊：an honest ，an hour , a university student, a UFO,（1） 一般詞尾一般詞尾 直接加直接加s: cap-caps task-tasks star-stars tree-trees house-houses exercise-exercises student-students（2） 以以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞，在詞尾加結(jié)尾的詞，在詞尾加es: bus-buses box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes 但：但：stomach-s

7、tomachs （3）以）以f或或fe結(jié)尾的詞，把結(jié)尾的詞，把f或或fe改為改為ves: shelf-shelves lifelives knife-knives leaf-leaves wifewives halfhalves wolf-wolves 例外：例外：roof/roofs chief/chiefs2.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 (規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化)（4) 以輔音字母以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變結(jié)尾的詞，變y為為i+es: storystories babybabies countrycountries partyparties dictionry-dictionaries

8、例外：例外：daydays boy- boys toy-toys play-plays（5）以）以o結(jié)尾的詞，有生命力的加結(jié)尾的詞，有生命力的加es,沒有生命力沒有生命力的加的加s:( zeros/zeroes 都可以都可以) a. potato-potatoes hero-heroes tomatotomatoes (例外：例外：bamboos) b. radio/radios piano/pianos zoo/zoos photo/photos名詞特點(diǎn)詞尾加法詞尾讀音方法例詞一般情況加s清輔音后/s/. 元及濁輔后/z/desks apples erasers oranges以s/x/ch

9、/sh結(jié)尾加s/iz/boxes glasseswatches以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾變y為i再加es/iz/families babies以“-o”結(jié)尾有生命的加es無生命的加s/z/potatoes zoos tomatoes photos以“f/fe”結(jié)尾變f/fe為v再加es/vz/knives wivesleaves thieves讀讀法法不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化1.詞本身發(fā)生特殊變化：詞本身發(fā)生特殊變化：2.單復(fù)同形：單復(fù)同形： （1）man 改成改成men: manmen ,womanwomen gentlemangentlemen policemanpolicemen gentleman

10、-gentlemen(紳士）紳士） (2) oo改成改成ee: footfeet ， toothteeth goosegeese (3) 其它：其它：mousemice ，child childrensheep sheep deer deer ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanesefish-fish3. 表示表示“某國人某國人”的名詞，其變化有三種情況的名詞，其變化有三種情況 a. 單復(fù)數(shù)相同單復(fù)數(shù)相同：a Japanese - five Japanese a Chinese -two Chineseb. 將將man變?yōu)樽優(yōu)閙en: a Frenchman - two

11、Frenchmen ( Englishman-Englishmen Englishwoman -Englishwomen ,Dutchman-Dutchmenc. 以以an結(jié)尾的名詞，在后面結(jié)尾的名詞，在后面+s: a German - five Germans ( Russian-Russians American-Americans Indian-Indians Italian -Italians Korean-Koreans AustralianAustralians Canadian-Canadians) 4. 常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞trousers glasse

12、s shorts pantssocks physics goods貨物貨物 news clothes woods森林森林 thanks fireworks 煙花煙花scissors 5. 復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式a. 將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)looker-on lookers-on 旁觀者旁觀者 father-in-law fathers-in-law繼父繼父son-in-law-sons-in-law女婿女婿go-between-go-betweens 中間人中間人grow-up-grow-ups 成人成人a boy studentboy students 男學(xué)生男學(xué)

13、生 a flower shopflower shops 花店花店 a dining room dining rooms 餐室餐室an apple tree-apple trees 蘋果樹蘋果樹girl student-girl students 女學(xué)生女學(xué)生twin sister-twin sisters 雙胞姐妹雙胞姐妹twin brother-twin brothers 雙胞兄弟雙胞兄弟stone bridge-stone bridges 石頭橋石頭橋b. 當(dāng)名詞的第一個構(gòu)成部分為當(dāng)名詞的第一個構(gòu)成部分為man或或 woman時，將時，將2個構(gòu)成部分均變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)個構(gòu)成部分均變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)a wom

14、an teacher - two women teachers a man nurse -two men nursesa man teacher-many men teachersa woman doctor-three women doctors可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的共同特點(diǎn)既可做可數(shù)名詞，又做不可數(shù)名詞的：既可做可數(shù)名詞，又做不可數(shù)名詞的：可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞 不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞 a paper paper 紙a glass glass 玻璃 an iron iron 鐵 a room room 空間 a chicken chicken 雞肉 a beauty beauty 美 a yout

15、h youth 青春a fish fish 魚肉一張報紙一張報紙一個玻璃杯一個玻璃杯一個熨斗一個熨斗一個房間一個房間一只小雞一只小雞一個美人一個美人一個青年一個青年一條魚一條魚第二部第二部 專題專題詞匯詞匯 名詞名詞考點(diǎn)揭密考點(diǎn)揭密典型例題解析典型例題解析課時訓(xùn)練課時訓(xùn)練名詞的作用名詞的作用主謂一致主謂一致1. 1. 當(dāng)當(dāng)class, family, team, group, public class, family, team, group, public 等集體名等集體名詞做主語時，如果看成一個整體，動詞就用詞做主語時，如果看成一個整體，動詞就用單數(shù)；看成一個個具體成員時，就用復(fù)數(shù)。單數(shù)；

16、看成一個個具體成員時，就用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g The class are waiting for her. Toms family _ rather big. Toms family _ film fans. is are2. news, 2. news, mathsmaths, politics , politics 表示單數(shù)意義，表示單數(shù)意義，動詞用單數(shù)。動詞用單數(shù)。e.g The news makes her very happy. Maths _ not easy for him. is3. 3. 像像goodgoods s, compass, compasseses, chopstick,

17、 chopsticks s, shoe, shoes s, glasses, glasses, trouser trousers s, , savingsavings s,belong,belongs s ，shortshorts s,pant,pants s,stock,stocks s, , scissor scissors s 等表示復(fù)數(shù)含義的詞，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。等表示復(fù)數(shù)含義的詞，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g The shoes hers. The savings _ for your future use. are請辨析請辨析: A pair of glasses _ on the table.

18、Two pairs of glasses _ on the table. is areare4. police, people(4. police, people(人們?nèi)藗?, youth(), youth(青年們青年們) ) 只只有單數(shù)形式，但表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。有單數(shù)形式，但表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g The police are gathering in the street. The Chinese people _ peace. love但是: people當(dāng)“民族”，youth當(dāng)“男青年”講時，有單復(fù)數(shù)之分 e.g He is a youth of 20. Many E

19、nglish-speaking peoples _ this book. like5. 5. 像像deerdeer、sheepsheep等單復(fù)同形的詞，動詞等單復(fù)同形的詞，動詞單復(fù)根據(jù)具體情況定單復(fù)根據(jù)具體情況定e.g A deer is over there in the field. A group of deer _ over there in the field. areare6. The poet and musician _ present at the party. The singer and dancer _ just arrived. The bread and the b

20、utter _ ready. Bread and butter _ her usual breakfast. 涂了黃油的面包涂了黃油的面包 was has are is8. Both 8. Both and and 的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. Both he and his father _ there. were7. 7. 采取就近一致原則的句型結(jié)構(gòu)：采取就近一致原則的句型結(jié)構(gòu)： There be e.g. There _ a book and two apples on the desk. not onlybut also e.g Not only you but

21、 also he _ right. eitheror e.g Either he or I _ wrong. neithernor e.g Neither she nor I _ right. is is am am e.g Five minutes _ enough to do this. Ten miles journey _ tiring for us. A boats length _ as long as the bed. Two pounds weight _OK. is is 9. 表示時間、距離表示時間、距離 、金額、度量、書名、國名等、金額、度量、書名、國名等的數(shù)名詞，看作整

22、體，動詞用單數(shù)。的數(shù)名詞，看作整體，動詞用單數(shù)。 e.g Eight hours of sleep_ enough for you . Ten dollars _ too much to pay. is is is is 10. each + 10. each + 單名單名 + and + each + + and + each + 單名單名 every +every +單名單名 + and +every + + and +every + 單名單名 no +no +單名單名 + and + no + + and + no + 單名單名 each of + each of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞

23、one of + one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞every / each +every / each +單名單名+ and + + and + 單名單名 等結(jié)構(gòu)做主語時，名詞都表示單數(shù)意等結(jié)構(gòu)做主語時，名詞都表示單數(shù)意義，動詞用單數(shù)。義，動詞用單數(shù)。 e.g. Each boy and each girl _ seen the film. No teacher and no student _ come yet. Every knife, fork , and spoon _ to be bought. Each of the students _ a dictionary. has ha

24、s has hasThe old man（together) with his two sons _ left for America . Miss Wang as well as his friends _ waiting there . Most of the students in our class except Li Lei _ sports every week. has is11. 11. 注注: : 由由 as well as, together with, with, as well as, together with, with, besides, but, exceptb

25、esides, but, except 等詞連接兩個名詞做主語時，等詞連接兩個名詞做主語時，動詞形式根據(jù)這些詞前面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來定。動詞形式根據(jù)這些詞前面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來定。 play 12. part of / most of / some of /12. part of / most of / some of / half of / all of /the rest of / lots of/ half of / all of /the rest of / lots of/ a lot of / plenty of a lot of / plenty of 后接名詞做主語時，動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)

26、根據(jù)后接名詞做主語時，動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)ofof后的后的名詞名詞決定，如是可數(shù)名詞謂語就用復(fù)數(shù)，如果是不可數(shù)決定，如是可數(shù)名詞謂語就用復(fù)數(shù)，如果是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。但但one of +one of +可數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語總用單數(shù)?？蓴?shù)名詞做主語，謂語總用單數(shù)。 e.g Half of his money _ gone . Half of his books _ new. All of the food _ missing. All of her friends _ very honest. One of my friends_ English. is are is are

27、speaks 13. 13. 不可數(shù)名詞做主語謂語用單數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞做主語謂語用單數(shù)。 e.g A lot of water is flowing the river . Some meat was bought from the store. A piece of meat was found on the table. A bottle of mile is in her hands. are are 注意：但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前的數(shù)量詞是可數(shù)名詞注意：但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前的數(shù)量詞是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)時候，謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)。的復(fù)數(shù)時候，謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)。如：如：Two baskets of meat under

28、 the table .Two baskets of meat under the table .Three bottles of milk in my cupboard.Three bottles of milk in my cupboard.【例例1】Today is September 10th.Its_Day.2003，天津，天津 A.Teachers B.Teachers C.the Teachers D.Teachers 典型例題解析典型例題解析【例例2】 Im afraid that there is no_ for you in my car,because there are

29、 already five people.2003，山西，山西 A.land B.ground C.room D.floor BC 【例例3】 These Germans want to have some_for supper,so they decide to catch_now.2003，天津，天津 A.fish,many B.fishes,much C.fish,much D.fishes,many 【例例4】 I am thirsty.Would you bring me_,please? 2003，廣東，廣東 A.some bread B.some water C.some cak

30、es D.some eggs 【例例5】 Some_are flying kites near the river. 2003，長沙，長沙 A.child B.boy C.boys D.childs AB C1.The rich_not always happy. A.are B.is C.have D.has2.In Britain,_are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box3.There are four_and two_in the group. A.Japanese，Ge

31、rmen B.Japaneses，Germen C.Japanese，German D.Japanese，Germans4.She was born in Wuhan,but Beijing has become her second_. A.home B.family C.house D.country5.Mother brought me_. A.a good news B.a piece of news C.many good news D.two news 課時訓(xùn)練課時訓(xùn)練AADAB6.March 8th is _Day. A.Womans B.Womens C.Womans D.Wo

32、men7.We can do the work better with_money and _ people. A.less,fewer B.fewer,less C.little,little D.few, few8.There are three_in our class. A.Zhous B.Zhous C.Zhous D.Zhouss9.Its about ten_walk. A.minutes B.minutes C.minute D.minutes10.This room is_. A.Bill and Davids B.Bills and Davids C.Bills and D

33、avids D.Bill and David 課時訓(xùn)練課時訓(xùn)練(B)(A)(B)(B)(A)11.Beijing is one of the most beautiful_in China. A.city B.cities C.citys D.the cities12.Would you like_? A.some more meat B.any more meat C.many more meat D.more much meat13.What can I do for you, sir? Id like two_. A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C

34、.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks14.Toms car is more beautiful than_. A.his brothers and sister B.his brother and sister C.his brothers and sisters D.his brothers and sisters15.“Nightingal Prize”is for_. A.workers B.scientists C.doctors D.nurses 課時訓(xùn)練課時訓(xùn)練BACD D11.The market isnt far from here. Its o

35、nly _bicycle ride. A.half an hours B.half an hours C.half an hour D.an hour and a half12.-help yourself to _. -Thank s. Mumit tastes good. A.some chickens B.a chicken C.some chicken D.any chicken13.What _do you like best? I like football. A.food B.subject C.sport D.music14.-Whose room are these?-the

36、y are our_. A.teachers room B.teachers room C.teachers rooms D.rooms of teachers15.Thats _ A.a red shirt of Mary B.a red shirt of Marys C.Marys a red shirt D.Marys the red shirt 課時訓(xùn)練課時訓(xùn)練BCCc B.將下列詞組譯成英語將下列詞組譯成英語1.三雙鞋三雙鞋 _2.二十個女教師二十個女教師 _3.兩瓶橘汁兩瓶橘汁 _4.Tom父親的一個朋友父親的一個朋友 _5.少年宮少年宮 _ 課時訓(xùn)練課時訓(xùn)練there pairs of shoestwenty women teacherstwo bottles of orange juicea friend of Toms fathersthe Childrens Palace