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1、手冊專題六專題六 介詞及介詞短語介詞及介詞短語【語法講解】【語法講解】1. 介詞的功能介詞的功能 介詞是一種虛詞,用來表示名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它介詞是一種虛詞,用來表示名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞語句中其它詞的關(guān)系,不能單獨使用。介詞可與名詞詞語句中其它詞的關(guān)系,不能單獨使用。介詞可與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語。介詞短語可在句或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語。介詞短語可在句中作定語,狀語,表語和賓語補足語。例如:中作定語,狀語,表語和賓語補足語。例如:The boy over there is Johns brother. (定語定語)The girl will be back in t
2、wo hours. (狀語狀語)Our English teacher is from Australia. (表語表語)Help yourself to some fish. (賓語補足語賓語補足語)手冊2. 2. 常用介詞的用法辨析常用介詞的用法辨析(1 1)表時間的介詞表時間的介詞 at, in on表示時間點表示時間點用用atat。例如:。例如:at six oclock, at noon, at clock, at noon, at midnightmidnight。表示在某。表示在某個世紀,某年,某月,某個季節(jié)個世紀,某年,某月,某個季節(jié)以以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上時,用及早晨,上
3、午,下午,晚上時,用in。例如:。例如:in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。等。表示具體的某一天和某一表示具體的某一天和某一天天的上午,下午,晚上時,用的上午,下午,晚上時,用on。例如:。例如:on Monday, on July 1stst, on Sunday morning, on Sunday morning等。等。手冊 since, after由由since和和after 引導(dǎo)的詞組都可表示從過去某一點開引導(dǎo)的詞組都可表示從過去某一點開始的時
4、段,但始的時段,但since詞組表示的時段一直延續(xù)到說話的詞組表示的時段一直延續(xù)到說話的時刻,因而往往要與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。而時刻,因而往往要與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。而after詞組所詞組所表示的時段純系過去,因而要與一般過去時連用。例表示的時段純系過去,因而要與一般過去時連用。例如:如:I havent heard from him since last summer.After five days the boy came back.手冊 in, afterin與將來時態(tài)連用時,表示與將來時態(tài)連用時,表示“過多長時間以后過多長時間以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段時間的詞語。的意思,后面跟表示一段時間的
5、詞語。After與將與將來時態(tài)連用時,后面只能跟表示時間點的詞語。來時態(tài)連用時,后面只能跟表示時間點的詞語。After與過去時態(tài)連用時,后面才能跟表示一段時與過去時態(tài)連用時,后面才能跟表示一段時間的詞語。例如:間的詞語。例如:He will be back in two months.He will arrive after four oclock.He returned after a month.手冊(2 2)表示地點的介詞)表示地點的介詞 at, in, on at at一般指小地方;一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某個范圍之一般指大地方或某個范圍之內(nèi);內(nèi);on往往表示往往表示“在某個物
6、體的表面在某個物體的表面”。例如:。例如:He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.They arrived at a small village before dark.They arrived at a small village before dark.There is a big hole in the wall.There is a big hole in the wall.The teacher put up a picture on the wall.The teacher put up a
7、 picture on the wall.手冊 over, above, onover, above, on over, on over, on和和above都可表示都可表示“在在上面上面”,但,但具體含義不同。具體含義不同。Over表示位置高于某物,在某物的表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反義詞是正上方,其反義詞是under。 above也表示位置高于也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反義詞是某物,但不一定在正上方,其反義詞是below。On指兩個物體表面接觸,一個在另一的上面。例如:指兩個物體表面接觸,一個在另一的上面。例如: There is a bridge over the
8、 river.There is a bridge over the river. We flew above the clouds. We flew above the clouds. They put some flowers on the teacher They put some flowers on the teachers s desk.desk.手冊 across, through across和和through均可表示均可表示“從這一邊到另一邊從這一邊到另一邊”,但用法不同。但用法不同。Across的含義與的含義與on有關(guān),表示動作在某有關(guān),表示動作在某一物體的表面進行。一物體的
9、表面進行。Throgh的含義與的含義與in有關(guān),表示動有關(guān),表示動作是在三維空間進行。例如:作是在三維空間進行。例如: The dog ran across the grass. The boy swam across the river. They walked through the forest. I pushed through the crowds.手冊3. 介詞的固定搭配介詞的固定搭配 介詞往往同其他詞類形成了固定搭配關(guān)系。記住這介詞往往同其他詞類形成了固定搭配關(guān)系。記住這種固定搭配關(guān)系,才能正確使用介詞。種固定搭配關(guān)系,才能正確使用介詞。(1)介詞與動詞的搭配)介詞與動詞的搭配l
10、isten to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spendon, 等。等。(2)介詞與名詞的搭配)介詞與名詞的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。等。(3)介詞與形容詞的搭配)介詞與形容詞的搭配be late for
11、, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。等。手冊典型例題典型例題1: When will Mr Black come to Beijing? _ September 5. A. On B. To C. At D. In 解析:解析:A。表示時間的介詞的用法。表示某一天用。表示時間的介詞的用法。表示某一天用介詞介詞on。典型例題典型例題2: The boys felt sad as they lost _ the girls in the talk show. A
12、. by B. in C. to D. on解析:解析:C。該題考查的是介詞和動詞的固定搭配。該題考查的是介詞和動詞的固定搭配。lose表示輸給誰的表示輸給誰的 時候用介詞時候用介詞to。應(yīng)選。應(yīng)選C?!?014-2016 本土真題】本土真題】( ) 1. (2015云南云南) The Third China-South Asia EXPO was held in Kunming _June 12th to June 16th. A. on B. in C. at D. from( )2.(2014 云南)云南) Excuse me. Could you tell me the way the
13、 nearest supermarket? Go down the street and turn left. Then youll see it. A . to B. of C. in D. atD A ( )3. (2013 云南云南) The 20th World Cup will be held in Brazil June 12 _July 13, 2014. A. in; to B. in; to C. at; from D. from; to ( ) 4. (2016 昆明昆明) Shanghai Disneyland opened _ June 16th, 2016. We a
14、re thirsty to go. A. in B. on C. at D. ofDB( )5. (2015昆明昆明) Ladies and gentlemen, welcome China- South Asia EXPO. A. on B. in C. at D. to( )6(2016曲靖曲靖)What do you think of your teacher? He is perfect and plays an important role helping us in our school life A. on B. up C. in D. withD C( )7. (2015曲靖曲靖) You have to put the past you before you can move on. A. in front of B. near C. behind D. between( )8.(2014 曲靖)曲靖) our surprise, MH370 has not been found since it was lost on March 8,2014. A. With B. In C. To D. ByCC