15t橋式起重機起升機構(gòu)和小車運行機構(gòu)及其部件設(shè)計（含CAD圖紙）,15,橋式起重機,機構(gòu),小車,運行,及其,部件,設(shè)計,CAD,圖紙 湖 南 科 技 大 學(xué) 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計（論 文）任 務(wù) 書 機 電 工 程 學(xué)院 機 械 設(shè) 計 制 造 及 其 自 動 化 系 系主任: （簽名） 2015 年 3 月 8 日 學(xué)生姓名: 杜澤昊 學(xué)號: 1103010521 專業(yè): 機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化 1 設(shè)計（論文）題目及專題： 15t橋式起重機起升機構(gòu)和小車運行機構(gòu)及其部件設(shè)計 2 學(xué)生正式設(shè)計時間：自 2015 年 3 月 8 日開始至 2014 年 5 月 20 日止 3 設(shè)計（論文）所用資源和參考資料： 1）圖書館查閱有關(guān)橋式起重機方面的書籍及科技期刊； 2）參閱機械設(shè)計手冊、機械圖冊及在網(wǎng)上查閱與課題有關(guān)最新資料； 3）到機械制造單位參觀并收集有關(guān)圖片及圖紙資料。 4 設(shè)計（論文）應(yīng)完成的主要內(nèi)容： 1)橋式起重機的簡介和發(fā)展概況，及其基本的工作原理； 2)橋式起重機的結(jié)構(gòu)分析，吊鉤、滑輪組結(jié)構(gòu)方案選擇設(shè)計說明； 3)起升機構(gòu)傳動方案及其參數(shù)設(shè)計； 4)小車運行機構(gòu)的設(shè)計及其重要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的設(shè)計計算說明； 5 提交設(shè)計（論文）形式（設(shè)計說明與圖紙或論文等）及要求： 1)本橋式起重機總裝配圖、零部件圖等共折合A0不少于2.5張； 2)設(shè)計計算說明書一份（小四號字打印不少于40頁，文中可插自畫圖和表格，規(guī)范見校文件）； 6 發(fā)題時間： 2015 年 03 月 08 日 指導(dǎo)教師： （簽名） 學(xué) 生： （簽名） 湖 南 科 技 大 學(xué) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）指導(dǎo)人評語 指導(dǎo)人： （簽名） 年 月 日 指導(dǎo)人評定成績： 湖 南 科 技 大 學(xué) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）評閱人評語 評閱人： （簽名） 年 月 日 評閱人評定成績： 湖 南 科 技 大 學(xué) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）答辯記錄 日期： 學(xué)生： 學(xué)號： 班級： 題目： 提交畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）答辯委員會下列材料： 1 設(shè)計（論文）說明書 共 頁 2 設(shè)計（論文）圖 紙 共 頁 3 指導(dǎo)人、評閱人評語 共 頁 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）答辯委員會評語： 答辯委員會主任： （簽名） 委員： （簽名） （簽名） （簽名） （簽名） 答辯成績： 總評成績： IV 英文翻譯 Traffic safety technical requirements A hook 1, should be checked regularly, at least semiannually, and clean lubrication. 2, new and put into use the hook to recognize that the hook on the mark, the technical documentation of the manufacturing units and factory certification. 3, before put into use by means of marking load test, allows the use of qualified before confirmation. 4, are not allowed to use the casting hook. The hook should be fixed firmly rotating parts should be flexible, leptospirosis smooth surface, no cracks, spalling and any damage wire rope defects. 5, leptospirosis defects shall not welding. To prevent spreader to decoupling, the hook should be set to prevent accidental decoupling safety devices. 6, one of the following conditions occurs, the hook should be scrapped: (1) Surface cracks. (2) the amount of wear of the dangerous section: hook manufactured in use by industry standards, should not be greater than 10% of the original size; manufactured by GB10051.2 hook should be less than 5% of the original height. (3) the degree of opening than the original size increased by 15%. (4) The torsional deformation of more than 10 °. (5) the dangerous section or hook neck plastically deformed. (6) The board hook bushing wear up to 50% of the original size, should be scrapped bushing; the board hook mandrel wear up to 5% of the original size, should be scrapped mandrel. The panel hook caulking can not be loose, the gap between the boards can not be greater than 0.30mm. Second, the spreader 1, hinge parts should be checked before use leverage deformation, cracks. 2, the axis of the rotating parts, off the regular inspection and lubrication. In case of large loose, wear, deformation, etc., should be timely repair and replacement. 3, new and put into use the spreader should load test, after passing inspection in order to allow the use of. Third, the wheel 1, check all parts of the wheel, the tread of the wheel rim and spokes cracks are found, replace the wheel. 2, when the wheel rim wear amount more than 50% of the original thickness, or rim bending deformation of up to 20% of the original thickness, the wheels should be scrapped. 3, runout tolerance should not be greater than the diameter of the wheel tread. Wheel tread allows repair in the following situations: (1) a cylindrical the difference the two capstan tread diameter: Wheel diameter φ250-500mm and no more than 0.125 mm; The wheel diameter φ600-900mm and no more than 0.30mm. (2) Poor: the two passive wheel diameter cylindrical tread Wheel diameter φ250-500mm, is not greater than 0.60mm; The wheel diameter φ600-900mm and no more than 0.90mm. (3) conical tread diameter deviation is greater than the nominal diameter of 1/1000, should be re-processed for repair. During use, the tread strip, the scratch area is greater than 2cm2, when the depth is greater than 3mm, allowing Repair, or should be scrapped. Wheel tread thickness loss of 15% of the thickness due to wear or re-machining due to other defects, repair, when the wheel is scrapped. (4) assembly of wheels, wheel basis nose will swing shall not be greater than 0.1 mm, the wall thickness of the rim and the wheel diameter deviation should not be greater than 3 mm, the wheel assembly group should be able to hand the flexibility to rotate. Fourth, track Check rail, bolts, fish plates for cracks, loose and corrosion. Found that the cracks should be replaced if any other defects should be promptly repaired. 2, the adjustment of the track: track joints can be made directly to the head, also can be made into a 45 ° inclined joint general joint gap for 1-2mm in the cold winter construction or installation should consider the temperature gap is generally 4-6mm . Joints, two rail top surface of the difference in height shall not be greater than 1 mm, side straightness is not greater than 2 mm. The same cross-section of the two rail height difference shall not be greater than 10 mm. Each track along the length 2m measuring length shall not be greater than 2 mm, total length must not exceed 15mm. Fifth, pulley block 1, good lubrication of the pulley block, flexible rotation; pulley lateral pendulum shall not exceed one-thousandth of the nominal size of the pulley. 2, pulley cover and other parts shall not prevent the wire rope run. Should prevent the rope to jump out of the wheel groove guards. 3 pulley one of the following conditions should be scrapped: (1) there is a crack or damage the rim. (2) round slot uneven wear up to 3mm. (3) The wall thickness of the wheel groove wear up to 20% of the original wall thickness. (4) wheel groove bottom diameter of the wear volume of 50% of the rope diameter. 4, the pulley has a smooth surface smooth, there should be no damage to wire rope defects. Six rolls 1, the fetching means when the upper limit position, the the rope whole volume in the helical slot; extract means when the lower limit position, the end of each fixed should have safety 1.5-2 ring fixed rope groove and ring grooves. 2, you should regularly check the operation status of the group of the roll. (1) Check the roll and shaft may crack, cracks were found to be scrapped update in a timely manner. (2) reel wall wear to 20% of the original wall thickness roll scrap, should be replaced immediately. (3) the reel hub without cracks, roll links should be solid, not loose. (4) fixed the end of the wire rope should be reliable, fixtures should be locking or self-tightening performance. 3, roll around the skew angle of the rope for single-layer winding-up mechanism should not be greater than 3.5 ° for the multilayer winding institutions should not be greater than 2 °. 4, multi-layer winding roll ends should be flange. Flange should be higher than the outermost layer of wire rope or chain 2 times the rope diameter or width of the chain. The monolayer wound single joint roll should also meet the above requirements. , An integral part of the roll group, rotating flexible roll, shall not block abnormal sound. Seven reducer 1, always check the anchor bolts, shall not be loose, fall off and break. 2 a day, check the gear unit housing, bearing at fever can not exceed the allowable temperature rise. When the temperature exceeds a room temperature of 40 ° C, the bearings should be checked for damage, improper installation or lack of grease, the load time is too long, running or without catching phenomenon. 3, check the lubrication. Reducer during the initial period, should be replaced every three months the oil and clean the cabinet, remove the metal shavings, replaced every six months to a year later. The lubricating oil will not leak, the oil should be moderate. 4, listening to the police gear meshing sound. Excessive noise or abnormal percussion, out of the box to check the shafts and gears for damage. 5, with a magnetic or ultrasonic flaw detection gear unit housing and shaft cracks should be replaced. 6, the housing shall not deformation, cracking defect. 7, reducer parts of the following circumstances should be scrapped: (1) the gear cracks and broken teeth. (2) damage to the tooth surface pitting of the engagement surface 30% or 10% of the depth up to the original tooth thickness. (3) Hoisting mechanism at every level gear to wear up 10% of the original tooth thickness, the other engages level up to the original tooth thickness of 20% should be scrapped: other institutions meshing gear tooth thickness wear up to 15%, the tooth thickness wear of the original tooth thickness of the engagement level of 25% should be scrapped; open gear drive gear tooth thickness wear of the original tooth thickness of 30% of the gear scrapped. (4) the reducer housing severe deformation, cracks and fix the value of the end-of-life. Eight coupling 1, the rotating coupling runout or face runout is beyond the limit. 2, the bond between the coupling and connector availability of loose, deformed, or out of the slot; keyway for cracks and deformation, with or without scroll keys. Connected to the coupling with the order of the shear bolt, the bolt of the availability of loose, fall off and break, when the above situation, stop the treatment. 3, a lubricating device coupling sealing device should be intact. 4, gear couplings for cracks, broken teeth or from the lifting mechanism and the non-equilibrium luffing mechanism gear tooth thickness wear volume of the original tooth thickness of 15% and 20% of other agencies gear tooth thickness wear volume of the original tooth thickness associated The axis is no longer available. The use of lifting mechanism brake wheel coupling, heat pad should be added. Nine, brake Brake frame hinge point by the wear and tear caused Songkuang, resulting backlash over tic drive 10% of the working stroke of the device, the response to the hinge point for repair. 2, the hinge pin having a diameter exceeding 5% of the original diameter of more than 0.5mm or ovality, shall replace the pin. The replacement pin hole should be trimmed to restore the roundness, and then the preparation of a new pin according to the aperture. Shaft hole diameter wear more than 5% of the original diameter, should be re-trimmed shaft hole, the preparation of a new pin. (3) on the brake pad lining wear more than 50% of the original thickness, defects and cracks should be scrapped, the replacement of the friction plate. Replacement, a rivet embedded in the brake lining attempt should be more than 1/2 of the original thickness. 4, the parts of the braking device cracks should be scrapped. 5 should be replaced, the brake spring plastic deformation occurs. 6, from the lifting mechanism and luffing mechanism brake wheel, when the wear of the rim thickness up to 40% of the original thickness, should be scrapped. Other bodies of the brake wheel, the wear of the rim thickness up to 50% of the original thickness, should be scrapped. 7, brake wheel shaft hole with the drive shaft connected to key loose, replace the tic wheel and drive shaft. 8, the brake wheel uneven degrees of 1.5mm, allowing Repair. Flange thickness shall comply with the requirements of section 6 of the repair can continue to use, or should be scrapped. 中文翻譯 行車安全技術(shù)要求 一、吊鉤 1、應(yīng)定期檢查，至少每半年檢查一次，并進行清洗潤滑。 2、新投入使用的吊鉤要認明鉤件上的標記、制造單位的技術(shù)文件和出廠合格證。 3、投入正式使用前應(yīng)根據(jù)標記進行負荷試驗，確認合格后才允許使用。 4、不準使用鑄造吊鉤。吊鉤應(yīng)固定牢靠，轉(zhuǎn)動部位應(yīng)靈活，鉤體表面光潔，無裂紋、剝裂及任何有損傷鋼絲繩的缺陷。 5、鉤體上的缺陷不得補焊。為防止吊具自行脫鉤，吊鉤上應(yīng)設(shè)置防止意外脫鉤的安全裝置。 6、出現(xiàn)下述情況之一時，吊鉤應(yīng)報廢： （1）表面有裂紋。 （2）危險斷面磨損量：按行業(yè)沿用標準制造的吊鉤，應(yīng)不大于原尺寸的10%；按GB10051.2制造的吊鉤，應(yīng)不大于原高度的5%。 （3）開口度比原尺寸增加15%。 （4）扭轉(zhuǎn)變形超過10°。 （5）危險斷面或吊鉤頸部產(chǎn)生塑性變形。 （6）板鉤襯套磨損達原尺寸的50%時，應(yīng)報廢襯套；板鉤芯軸磨損達原尺寸的5%時，應(yīng)報廢芯軸。板鉤的鉚接不得松動，板間的間隙不得大于0.30mm。 二、吊具 1、使用前應(yīng)檢查鉸接部位的杠桿有無變形、裂紋。 2、對轉(zhuǎn)動部位的軸、銷進行定期檢查和潤滑。如有較大的松動、磨損、變形等，應(yīng)及時予以修理和更換。 3、新投入使用的吊具應(yīng)進行負載試驗，經(jīng)檢驗合格后才能允許使用。 三、車輪 1、檢查車輪各個部位，車輪的踏面、輪緣和輪輻發(fā)現(xiàn)裂紋時，應(yīng)更換車輪。 2、車輪輪緣磨損量超過原厚度的50%時，或輪緣彎曲變形達原厚度的20%時，車輪應(yīng)報廢。 3、車輪踏面的徑向跳動不應(yīng)大于直徑的公差。 車輪踏面在下列情況時允許修理： （1）圓柱形踏面的兩主動輪的直徑差： 車輪直徑φ250—500mm時，不大于0.125mm； 車輪直徑φ600—900mm時，不大于0.30mm。 （2）圓柱形踏面的兩被動輪的直徑差： 車輪直徑φ250—500mm時，不大于0.60mm； 車輪直徑φ600—900mm時，不大于0.90mm。 （3）圓錐形踏面直徑偏差大于名義直徑的1/1000時，應(yīng)重新加工修理。 在使用過程中，踏面剝離、擦傷的面積大于2cm2，深度大于3mm時，允許修理，否則應(yīng)報廢。 車輪由于磨損或因其他缺陷，重新加工修理，踏面厚度損失達厚度的15%時，車輪報廢。 （4）裝配后的車輪組，車輪基準端面擺輻不得大于0.1mm，輪緣及輪徑的壁厚偏差不應(yīng)大于3mm，裝配后的車輪組，應(yīng)能用手靈活地轉(zhuǎn)動。 四、軌道 1、檢查鋼軌、螺栓，魚尾板有無裂紋，松脫和腐蝕。發(fā)現(xiàn)裂紋應(yīng)及時更換，如有其他缺陷應(yīng)及時修理。 2、軌道的調(diào)整：軌道的接頭可做成直接頭，也可以做成45°斜接頭，一般接頭的縫隙為1—2mm，在寒冷地區(qū)冬季施工或安裝時應(yīng)考慮溫度縫隙一般為4—6mm。接頭處，兩軌頂面高度差不得大于1mm，側(cè)面直線度不大于2mm。 兩軌道同一截面高度差不得大于10mm。每根軌道沿長度方向，每2m測量長度不得大于2mm，全長上不得超過15mm。 五、滑輪組 1、滑輪組潤滑良好，轉(zhuǎn)動靈活；滑輪側(cè)向擺不得超過滑輪名義尺寸的千分之一。 2、滑輪罩及其他零部件不得妨礙鋼絲繩運行。應(yīng)有防止鋼絲繩跳出輪槽的防護裝置。 3、滑輪有以下情況之一時，應(yīng)報廢： （1）有裂紋或輪緣破損。 （2）輪槽不均勻磨損達3mm時。 （3）輪槽壁厚磨損達原壁厚的20%時。 （4）輪槽底部直徑磨損量達鋼絲繩直徑的50%時。 4、滑輪輪槽表面光潔平滑，不應(yīng)有損傷鋼絲繩的缺陷。 六、卷筒 1、取物裝置在上極限位置時，鋼絲繩全卷在螺旋槽中；取物裝置在下極限位置時，每端固定處都應(yīng)有1.5—2圈固定鋼絲繩用槽和2圈以上的安全槽。 2、應(yīng)定期檢查卷筒組的運轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)。 （1）檢查卷筒和軸不得有裂紋，如發(fā)現(xiàn)裂紋要及時報廢更新。 （2）卷筒壁磨損至原壁厚的20%時卷筒報廢，應(yīng)立即更換。 （3）卷筒轂上不得有裂紋，與卷筒聯(lián)結(jié)就應(yīng)堅固，不得松動。 （4）鋼絲繩尾端的固定應(yīng)可靠，固定裝置應(yīng)有防松或自緊性能。 3、卷筒與繞出的鋼絲繩的偏斜角對于單層纏繞機構(gòu)不應(yīng)大于3.5°，對于多層纏繞機構(gòu)不應(yīng)大于2°。 4、多層纏繞的卷筒，端部應(yīng)有凸緣。凸緣應(yīng)比最外層鋼絲繩或鏈條高出2倍的鋼絲繩直徑或鏈條的寬度。單層纏繞的單聯(lián)卷筒也應(yīng)滿足上述要求。 5、組成卷筒組的零件齊全，卷筒轉(zhuǎn)動靈活，不得有阻滯現(xiàn)象及異常聲響。 七、減速器 1、經(jīng)常檢查地腳螺栓，不得有松動、脫落和折斷。 2、每天檢查減速器箱體，軸承處的發(fā)熱不能超過允許溫度升高值。當溫度超過室溫40℃時，應(yīng)檢查軸承是否損壞，是否安裝不當或缺少潤滑油脂，負荷時間是否過長，運行有無卡滯現(xiàn)象等。 3、檢查潤滑部位。減速器使用初期，應(yīng)每三個月更換一次潤滑油，并清洗箱體，去除金屬屑，以后半年至一年更換一次。潤滑油不得泄漏，同時油量要適中。 4、聽察齒輪嚙合聲響。噪聲過高或有異常撞擊聲時，要開箱檢查軸和齒輪有無損壞。 5、用磁力或超聲波探傷檢查減速器箱體和軸，發(fā)現(xiàn)裂紋應(yīng)及時更換。 6、殼體不得有變形、開裂缺損現(xiàn)象。 7、減速器零件中有下列情形之一時，應(yīng)予以報廢： （1）齒輪有裂紋和斷齒。 （2）齒面點蝕損壞達嚙合面30%或深度達原齒厚的10%時。 （3）起升機構(gòu)每一級嚙合齒輪磨損達原齒厚的10%，其他嚙合級達原齒厚的20%時應(yīng)報廢：其他機構(gòu)第一級嚙合齒輪原齒厚磨損達15%，其他嚙合級齒厚磨損達原齒厚的25%時應(yīng)報廢；開式齒輪傳動中的齒輪齒厚磨損達原齒厚的30%時，該齒輪報廢。 （4）減速器殼體嚴重變形、裂紋，且無修復(fù)價值時，該件報廢。 八、聯(lián)軸器 1、轉(zhuǎn)動中的聯(lián)軸器徑向跳動或端面跳動是否超出極限。 2、聯(lián)軸器與被連接件間的鍵有無松動、變形或出槽；鍵槽有無裂痕和變形，有無滾鍵。用承剪螺栓連接的聯(lián)軸器，其螺栓有無松動、脫落和折斷，當出現(xiàn)上述情況時，應(yīng)停機處理。 3、帶有潤滑裝置的聯(lián)軸器的密封裝置應(yīng)完好。 4、齒輪聯(lián)軸器有裂痕、斷齒或起升機構(gòu)和非平衡變幅機構(gòu)齒輪齒厚磨損量達原齒厚的15%，其他機構(gòu)齒輪齒厚磨損量達原齒厚的20%，聯(lián)軸器不能再使用。 5、起升機構(gòu)使用的制動輪聯(lián)軸器，應(yīng)加設(shè)隔熱墊。 九、制動器 1、制動器架各鉸接點經(jīng)磨損造成松曠，導(dǎo)致無效行程超過抽動驅(qū)動裝置工作行程的10%時，應(yīng)對各鉸接點進行修理。 2、各鉸鏈處的銷軸，其直徑超過原直徑的5%或橢圓度超過0.5mm時，均應(yīng)更換銷軸。更換時，應(yīng)修整銷軸孔，恢復(fù)圓度，然后根據(jù)孔徑配制新的銷軸。軸孔直徑磨損超過原直徑5%時，也應(yīng)重新修整軸孔，配制新的銷軸。 3、制動瓦塊上摩擦片的磨損超過原厚度的50%，或有缺損和裂紋時，應(yīng)報廢更換新的摩擦片。更換時，鉚釘埋入制動摩擦片的嘗試應(yīng)超過原厚度的1/2。 4、制動裝置的零件出現(xiàn)裂紋時應(yīng)報廢。 5、制動彈簧出現(xiàn)塑性變形時應(yīng)更換。 6、起升機構(gòu)和變幅機構(gòu)的制動輪，當輪緣厚度磨損達原厚度的40%時，應(yīng)報廢。其他機構(gòu)的制動輪，輪緣厚度磨損達原厚度的50%時，應(yīng)報廢。 7、制動輪的軸孔與傳動軸連接的鍵出現(xiàn)松動時，應(yīng)更換抽動輪和傳動軸。 8、制動輪凹凸不平度達1.5mm時，允許修理。修復(fù)后輪緣厚度應(yīng)符合上述第6條的要求時可繼續(xù)使用，否則應(yīng)報廢。