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Thelastleaf O Henry Scene2ByTeam2 Thebackground JohnsyandSueareartistswhomoveintoGreenwichVillageinNewYorkCity AsWinterapproachesandtheweathergetscolder Johnsybecomesillwithpneumonia Shegetssosickthatshebelievesthatwhenthelastleaffallsfromthevineoutsideherwindow shewilldie shelay scarcelymoving onherpaintedironbedstead lookingthroughthesmallDutchwindow panesattheblanksideofthenextbrickhouse 3 一天早晨 那個(gè)忙碌的醫(yī)生揚(yáng)了揚(yáng)他那毛茸茸的灰白色眉毛 把蘇叫到外邊的走廊上 OnemorningthebusydoctorinvitedSueintothehallwaywithabushy greyeyebrow 4 我看 她的病只有一成希望 他說 這一成希望在于她自己要不要活下去 你的這位小姐滿肚子以為自己不會(huì)好了 她有什么心事嗎 Shehasonechanceinten hesaid Andthatchanceisforhertowanttolive Yourlittleladyhasmadeuphermindthatshe snotgoingtogetwell Hassheanythingonhermind 5 她 她希望有一天能夠去畫那不勒斯海灣 蘇艾說 She shewantedtopainttheBayofNaplessomeday saidSue 6 繪畫 別瞎扯了 她心里有沒有值得想兩次的事情 比如說 男人 Paint bosh Hassheanythingonhermindworththinkingtwice amanforinstance 7 男人 男人難道值得 不 醫(yī)生 沒有這樣的事 Aman saidSue Isamanworth but no doctor thereisnothingofthekind 8 能達(dá)到的全部力量去治療她 可要是我的病人開始算計(jì)會(huì)有多少輛馬車送她出喪 我就得把治療的效果減掉百分之五十 醫(yī)生走后 蘇艾走進(jìn)工作室里哭了 后來她手里拿著畫板 裝做精神抖擻的樣子走進(jìn)瓊西的屋子 嘴里吹著爵士音樂調(diào)子 Well saidthedoctor Iwilldoallthatsciencecanaccomplish ButwhenevermypatientbeginstocountthecarriagesinherfuneralprocessionIsubtract50percentfromthecurativepowerofmedicines AfterthedoctorhadgoneSuewentintotheworkroomandcried ThensheswaggeredintoJohnsy sroomwithherdrawingboard whistlingragtime reading Pleasetellmethefourelementsofthisscenetime place persons event theSecondScenePara 3 8 time Onemorning inNovemberplace persons Doctor Sue Johnsyevent ThedoctortoldSuethatJohnsyneededastrongwilltoliveon Thedoctor anefficientandtruthfulexpert theSecondScenePara 3 8 Accordingtothedoctor howwouldJohnsybeabletorecoverfrompneumonia WhathadbeenJohnsy sambitionbeforeshefellill HowdidSuewentintoJohnsy sroom Why theSecondScenePara 3 8 ittrulytouchedtheheartofitsaudience 直擊作者 歐亨利 O Henry swritingstyleislivelyandinteresting heisgoodatusingpuns 雙關(guān)語 andhomophonic 諧音 hishumorousuasgeofwordshaswinnedhimthenameof tearfulsmile 含淚的微笑 Healsohasanaccuratedescriptionofdetails manufacturingandreproducingtheatmosphere 再現(xiàn)氣氛 Subtract減去扣除 常用短語 subtractfrom1 Ifyousubtract3from5 youget2 2 Itissaidthecorporationhasalreadysubtractanumberofexpendituresfromthetotalcost yetitstillrunsashighas300milliondollars 聯(lián)想 makeasubtraction做減法 Whistle吹口哨 1 vHewaswhistlingsoftlytohimself2 vThisdogiswelltrained she llcomerunningbacktomeeverytimeIwhistletoher 3 nHegavealowwhistle Merry高興的愉悅的 1 adjBeforeshehadalwaysbeensolivelyandmerry nowshejustsatupinbed staringoutofthewindow 2 聯(lián)想 MerryChristmas圣誕快樂Makemerry作樂 盡情歡樂 Writingtechniquesappreciation Thesecondpart paragraph3 8 Writingtechniquesappreciation metaphor 比喻 personification 擬人 euphemism 委婉 pun 雙關(guān) irony 反語 oxymoron 矛盾修飾 zeugma 軛式搭配 transferredepithet 移位修飾 alliteration 頭韻 climax 漸進(jìn) metaphor 比喻 mylove slikeared redrose 我的愛人像一朵紅紅的玫瑰花 Hejumpedasifhehadbeenstung 他像被蜇了似的跳了起來 personification 擬人 把事物或者概念當(dāng)作人或者具備人的品質(zhì)的寫法叫擬人Thistimefatewassmilingtohim 這一次命運(yùn)朝他微笑了 Thewindwhistledthroughthetrees 風(fēng)穿過樹叢 樹葉嘩嘩作響 pun 雙關(guān) 用同音異義或者一詞二義來達(dá)到詼諧幽默的效果 表面上是一個(gè)意思 而實(shí)際上卻暗含另一個(gè)意思 這種暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在 Acannonballtookoffhislegs sohelaiddownhisarms arms可指手臂或者武器 一發(fā)炮彈打斷了他的腿 所以他繳械投降了 euphemism 委婉 用溫和的 間接的詞語代替生硬的 粗俗的詞語 以免直接說出不愉快的事實(shí)冒犯別人或者造成令人窘迫 沮喪的局面 用tofallasleep toceasethinking topassaway togotoheaven toleaveus代替todie用seniorcitizens代替oldpeople用aslowlearner或者anunderachiever代替astupidpupil用weightwatcher代替fatpeople irony 反語 使用與真正意義相反的詞 正話反說或者反話正說 從對立的角度運(yùn)用詞義來產(chǎn)生特殊的效果 oxymoron 矛盾修飾 把相互矛盾的兩個(gè)詞用在一起的修辭方法 它利用詞義表面的相互矛盾使表層的不和諧統(tǒng)一在思想內(nèi)容的深層 從而揭示事物對立統(tǒng)一的本質(zhì)特征 達(dá)到加深印象的目的 Shereadthelong awaitedletterwithatearfulsmile 她帶著含淚的微笑讀那封盼望已久的信 Thecoachhadtobecrueltobekindtohistrainees 教練為了對他的受訓(xùn)者仁慈就要對他們殘酷 zeugma 軛式搭配 把適用于某一事物的詞語順勢用到另外一事物上的方法 在同一個(gè)句子里一個(gè)詞可以修飾或者控制兩個(gè)或更多的詞 它可以使語言活潑 富有幽默感 Sheopenedthedoorandherhearttothehomelessboy 她對那無家可歸的男孩打開了房門 也敞開了胸懷 AsIlefthomeafterbreakfast Ishiveredinwardlyaswellasoutwardly 早餐之后我離開家的時(shí)候 我的里里外外都在顫抖 transferredepithet 移位修飾 將本應(yīng)該用來修飾某一類名詞的修飾語用來修飾另一類名詞 Therewasashort thoughtfulsilence 出現(xiàn)了一陣短暫的 令人沉思的寂靜 Theoldmanputareassuringhandonmyshoulder 老人把一只令人安心的手放在我的肩膀上 alliteration 頭韻 兩個(gè)或者更多的詞以相同的音韻或者字母開頭就構(gòu)成頭韻 LongandloudlylittleLilylaughed 小莉莉長時(shí)間地 大聲地笑著 Thewindowswavedviolentlyinthewind 窗戶在風(fēng)中劇烈地?fù)u動(dòng) Thesunsankslowly 太陽慢慢地下沉 climax 漸進(jìn) 根據(jù)事物的邏輯關(guān)系 由小到大 由輕到重 由淺到深 由低到高 由少到多依次漸進(jìn)地進(jìn)行描述或論述 這種整齊的結(jié)構(gòu)可以使人們的思想認(rèn)識(shí)一層層深化提高 增強(qiáng)語言的感染力和說服力 Icame Isaw Iconquer 我來了 我看到了 我征服 Readingmakesafullman conferenceareadyman andwritinganexactman 讀書使人充實(shí) 交談使人機(jī)智 寫作使人精確 Let sreturntoTheLastLeaf Paragraph3 OnemorningthebusydoctorinvitedSueintothehallwaywithabushy grayeyebrow Describlestheappearanceofthedoctor aythesametimeindicatesthatthedoctorisoldbutenergetic Paragraph4 Shehasonechanceinten hesaid Andthatchanceisforhertowanttolive Yourlittleladyhasmadeuphermindthatshe snotgoingtogetwell Hassheanythingonhermind Coreference 指代 meansthatsheonlyhastenpercentopportunitytogothroughtheillness Paragraph6 Paint bosh Hassheanythingonhermindworththinkingabouttwice aman forinstance Coreference 指代 somethingjohnsycannotbeartopart somethingshelingeredinthemind somethingshereluctanttoleave Paragraph7 Aman saidSue Isamanworth but no doctor thereisnothingofthekind Transitionofanessay 文意的轉(zhuǎn)折 thefunctionofdash 破折號(hào) ReflecttheheartactivityofSue amotionconcernedandfearful itshowsushowSuecaresforJhonsy Alsostrentheheranswerwithafirmword no Paragraph8 Well saidthedoctor Iwilldoallthatsciencecanaccomplish ButwhenevermypatientbeginstocountthecarriagesinherfuneralprocessionIsubtract50percentfromthecurativepowerofmedicines Metaphor 比喻 countthecarriagesinherfuneralprocession referestothatonestarttothingingabouttodie doesnothavefaithanddisireforlife usingametaphorcanmakethesentenceanditsmeaningmorevisual 形象 andlively 生動(dòng) AfterthedoctorhadgoneSuewentintotheworkroomandcried ThenshemarchedintoJohnsy sroomwithherdrawingboard whistlingamerrytune Strongcontrast 對比 standsouttheSue spersonalityandherlovetoJhonsy refelectsthesincererelationshipbettwenthetwofriends Thankyou 英語學(xué)習(xí)小組二組