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1、1(2)2閱讀理解：歸納概括題的解題技巧閱讀理解：歸納概括題的解題技巧 【要點(diǎn)概述】 主旨大意題屬于全局性的問(wèn)題，通常就是文章的標(biāo)題、要點(diǎn)、主題等。歸納概括中心主旨的題目是高考必考題目，考查考生通過(guò)閱讀理解，總結(jié)歸納，找出文章中心意思的能力。要做好這類題目必須區(qū)分主要信息和次要信息；既看到樹木，更看到森林；要跳出一詞一句，而俯瞰全文；要通讀全文，通篇理解。找出主題句(topic sentence)是一個(gè)有用的方法。常見的命題形式有：3The main point of the passage is _ .The passage mainly deals with _ .The passage

2、is about _ .What does the passage mainly discuss?What is the authors main purpose?Which of the following sentences best states the subject of this passage?The best title for this passage is _ .A good title for this passage would be _ . 4歸納概括題備考錦囊： 1文章的首句。因?yàn)槲恼碌氖拙涫俏恼碌膶?dǎo)入，點(diǎn)明作者寫文章的意圖、背景等。 2每段的第一句和最后一句。因?yàn)?/p>

3、每段的第一句實(shí)際上多半是每段的主題句，然后進(jìn)行陳述或論述，逐步展開，給予例證，最后把該段內(nèi)容用一句話來(lái)小結(jié)，所以每段的最后一個(gè)句子常常是該段的結(jié)論句。 3全文的最后一句往往是整篇文章的結(jié)論或作者寫這篇文章的用意所在。54重點(diǎn)閱讀那些觀點(diǎn)性、歸納性、概括 性 較 強(qiáng) 的 句 子 ， 特 別 是 “ 信 息詞”(如：in a word, as a result, finally, in short, but, however, in conclusion, in brief, in summary)引導(dǎo)的句子。6【體驗(yàn)高考】 (2011北京卷北京卷)D As the railroads and t

4、he highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating(發(fā)電發(fā)電) and transmission(輸送輸送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect

5、on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around. 7 The 19th century saw land grants(政府撥地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leav

6、ing public land in between privately owned land. In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. With the completion of the interstate highway system, many of

7、the small towns, which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died. 8 Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them. We need alternative energy badly, an

8、d to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now. So tradeoffs will have to be made. Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species(物種)will be forced to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. Deals will be struck

9、 to reduce the immediate effects. 9 The lasting effects of these tradeoffs are another matter. The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. There are chances for that power and money to do a l

10、ot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways. 10 The money set aside in negotiated tradeoffs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power pl

11、ants and transmission lines. So lets remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West. ()70. Which is the best title for the passage?A. How the Railways Have Affected the West B. How Solar Energy Could Reshape the West C. How the Effects of Po

12、wer Plants Can Be Reduced D. How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled11B本題是主旨?xì)w納題。通讀全文會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)作者討論的是太陽(yáng)能電站在西部地區(qū)的發(fā)展將會(huì)帶來(lái)何種影響。12【強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練 】 (2011全國(guó)大綱卷全國(guó)大綱卷)A Since 1984, Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act. One by one, graffiticovered walls are being changed into outdoor art. So far, more than 1,

13、800 murals(壁畫)have been painted. Philadelphia now has more murals than any other American city. The walls that were once ugly with graffiti(涂鴉)are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the Mural Arts Program (MAP). Its work makes schools and public places

14、 attractive, and its citizens very proud. The program began as part of Philadelphias AntiGraffiti Network. Jane Golden is the MAPs artistic director. “When people ask me what our program is about，” she says, “I answer them with one word: hope.” Each year, the MAP offers youth art programs and worksh

15、ops. Some onetime graffiti writers even help paint MAP murals. 13 The MAPs work, says Golden, is all about developing a sense of community(社區(qū)). When a neighborhood requests a mural, the MAP works with the people there to develop a message. Some messages have been “Safe Streets，” “Love and Care，” and

16、 “Peace Walk.” The MAP receives up to 50 requests for murals each week. Last year, the workers painted 140 murals. 14 “The making of a mural enters peoples collective memory as an extraordinary, pleasant moment in neighborhood history” says Golden, who began as a muralist in Los Angeles. ()41. What can be the best title for the text?A. Love, from Graffiti Writers to MuralistsB. MAP, a New Company in PhiladelphiaC. Jane, an Excellent Mural ArtistD. Hope, One Wall at a Time15D考查主旨大意。選擇最佳題目一定要概括全文。雖然四個(gè)選項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，前三個(gè)卻各自說(shuō)明了一個(gè)內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)的hope是做這件事的目的，從第二段的項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理的回答中可得出。