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1、1(2)2(1)所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之中。如:happen, take place, come about, occur, break out, disappear, arrive, rise, lie, come into being, come true, run out, give out (筋疲力盡), hurt (疼痛)等。Great changes have taken place in the city.這座城市發(fā)生了巨大的變化?!安荒苡糜诒粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的場(chǎng)合不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的場(chǎng)合3(2)所有的連系動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:be, become, get,
2、turn, fall, appear, seem, grow, prove, look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等。The soup tastes delicious. 湯味道很好。The method proves practical. 這個(gè)辦法證明是可行的。4(3)表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞,如have, own, belong to等。The house belongs to her.這棟房子是她的。5(4)表示“依然”的動(dòng)詞。如:remain, stay, lie, stand等。He remains single. 他依然是單身。The table feels sm
3、ooth. 這張桌子摸起來(lái)很光滑。6(1)當(dāng)feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后面接形容詞時(shí)。The news sounds exciting.這消息聽起來(lái)振奮人心。注意:注意:當(dāng)feel, see, smell, taste, hear等感官動(dòng)詞作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí),有被動(dòng)形式。They are tasting the soup.他們正在喝湯。 The soup is being tasted (by them).主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的場(chǎng)合主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的場(chǎng)合7(2)當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞cut, read, sell, wear, lock, open, close, write, burn,
4、 cook, wash等作不及物動(dòng)詞用,而且其后還有副詞如well, easily, hardly, nicely, smoothly等修飾時(shí)。These apples cook well. 這些蘋果適于烹煮。This metal cuts easily. 這種金屬容易切割。The match lights easily. 這火柴容易劃著。The door wont lock. 門鎖不上。8(3)want, require, need, deserve, (not) bear后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。The machine needs repairing. 機(jī)器需要修了。His langua
5、ge wont bear repeating. 他的話不堪重述。9(4)be worth doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。The film is well worth seeing.這部影片很值得一看。10(5)在“be+形容詞+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式作形容詞的狀語(yǔ),句子的主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是不定式的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。This kind of water isnt fit to drink. 這種水不適合飲用。The girl isnt easy to get along with.這女孩很難相處。11(6)少數(shù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)時(shí),如:blame(責(zé)備),let(出租),seek (尋找)。 He
6、was to blame for the accident. 他因事故要受到責(zé)備。There are many houses to let. 有很多房子有待出租。12(7)當(dāng)不定式作定語(yǔ),句子的主語(yǔ)是它的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng),反之用被動(dòng)。I have a lot of articles to type.(自己打字)我有很多文章要打印。I have a lot of articles to be typed. (別人打字)我得去打印很多文章。13(8)在介詞beyond, in need of 后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。His work is beyond praising. 他的工作叫
7、人贊不絕口。The teaching method is in need of improving. 教學(xué)方法需要改進(jìn)。14在英語(yǔ)中,有少量的及物動(dòng)詞常用其被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意思。如seat, dress, station(駐扎)等。 Can those seated at the back of the classroom hear me? No problem.坐在教室后面的能聽得見嗎?沒問題。被動(dòng)表示主動(dòng)意思被動(dòng)表示主動(dòng)意思15書面表達(dá):應(yīng)用文寫作技巧(五)歡迎辭書面表達(dá):應(yīng)用文寫作技巧(五)歡迎辭【要點(diǎn)概述】歡迎辭是在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)生活的交際活動(dòng)中,在特定的場(chǎng)合對(duì)于客人的到來(lái)表示熱烈歡迎時(shí)所使
8、用的一種專用文書。161. 歡迎辭一般分為三個(gè)部分:稱呼語(yǔ),正文,結(jié)束語(yǔ)。最常用的稱呼語(yǔ)是 Ladies and gentlemen,如果在場(chǎng)的有比較重要的客 人 , 也 可 專 門 給 予 稱 呼 , 如 : M r President, ladies and gentlemen。在學(xué)校中對(duì)同學(xué)的稱呼,可用Boys and girls。如果有教師在場(chǎng),可以說(shuō)Mr Li, boys and girls等等。172.正文是致詞的主體,是歡迎辭的核心部分。一種情況是歡迎某(幾個(gè))人的到來(lái),然后簡(jiǎn)要介紹到訪者的身份、經(jīng)歷和成就,最后邀請(qǐng)他(們)或她(們)發(fā)言。另一種情況是在某團(tuán)體組織的新成立開張儀式
9、上,如果是團(tuán)體組織,則要介紹這一組織的特點(diǎn),還可簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明一下活動(dòng)安排等。183.從語(yǔ)言特征上看,英語(yǔ)致詞的用詞要大方得體,文辭高雅而莊重,熱情禮貌而不失分寸,既口語(yǔ)化而又用語(yǔ)規(guī)范。194.常用客套話: Dear friends,/ Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our school First of all, lets extend our warm welcome and cordial greetings to our distinguished guest(s) Thank you.20【體驗(yàn)高考】史密斯先生是從加拿大新來(lái)的外籍教師,即將教你們班英語(yǔ),
10、為了歡迎他的到來(lái),請(qǐng)你在班上用英語(yǔ)作個(gè)歡迎辭。21內(nèi)容要點(diǎn):1.代表老師和全班同學(xué)熱烈歡迎史密斯教授的到來(lái)。2.簡(jiǎn)單介紹史密斯先生及其豐富的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。3.邀請(qǐng)史密斯先生發(fā)言。(120詞左右)_22一、要求:時(shí)態(tài):歡迎辭用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 二、要點(diǎn)提示:1.歡迎辭基本格式,包括開頭、正文和結(jié)尾。2.以上要點(diǎn)不能遺漏。23One possible version:Ladies and gentlemen, / Boys and girls, We feel greatly honored today to be here with Professor Smith from Canada. Now al
11、low me on behalf of all the teachers and students of our class to extend our warm welcome and sincere greetings to our distinguished guest who has come from so far away to help us with our English studies.24 Professor Smith is an experienced language expert who has devoted himself to the teaching of
12、 English for the past 20 years. Its certainly our classs honor to have Professor Smith as our English teacher for the next year. Now let us invite Professor Smith to address us.25【強(qiáng)化演練】 你們學(xué)校新成立了英語(yǔ)俱樂部,作為組織者的你將在開張典禮上作歡迎辭。介紹英語(yǔ)俱樂部成立的重要意義及其主要作用,并希望大家通過(guò)俱樂部加強(qiáng)英語(yǔ)交流,以提高英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。(詞數(shù):100左右)參考詞匯:代表 on behalf of;參加者
13、participant;衷心的 heartfelt_26一、提示:1時(shí)態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2格式:歡迎辭的開頭稱呼語(yǔ)、正文、結(jié)束語(yǔ)都要包含。二、要點(diǎn)提示:1. 歡迎參加者的到來(lái);2. 介紹英語(yǔ)俱樂部成立的重要意義和作用;3. 邀請(qǐng)大家積極參加。27One possible version:Ladies and gentlemen, First of all, please allow me to express the most heartfelt welcome to all of you on behalf of our English Club. We have been looking fo
14、rward to seeing you for long. It is a wonderful day today.28 Now I would like to introduce my club to you. Our club, organizing various activities regularly and meeting the needs of participants, is well-known among many English learners. If you want to meet native English speakers, please join us. If you want to speak English not only accurately but also fluently, please join us. If you want to discover the most attractive aspects in English, please join us. I do hope that you will enjoy your journey of English study with us. Thank you!