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1、1(1)231. Another journey of challenge and danger was about to begin. (SB U17) 又一次富有挑戰(zhàn)和危險的旅程就要開始了。 be about to do sth.表示“正要(即將)做某事”(不與表示將來的時間狀語連用)。經(jīng)常與when 搭配,這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以換成be on the point of doing sth. when I was about to start out when it began to rain. 我正要出發(fā),就在這時天開始下雨了。 We were about to start out when t
2、he headmaster stopped us. 我們正要出發(fā),就在這時校長攔住了我們。 will/shall, be going to, be to 也可表將來;be going to表示即將發(fā)生或準(zhǔn)備好做某事;be to表示約定、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、可能性等,有命令、指令和要求之意。 I _(正準(zhǔn)備看) your composition. When he _ (正要開)the door, he found his keys were nowhere.(2009湖南卷改編) 【答案】was about to readwas to open62. On the third day I was str
3、uggling through stormy weather and during the next week the wind grew stronger and I found myself spending a whole day in my tent. (SB U17) 第三天我在風(fēng)暴中掙扎,第二周風(fēng)刮得更猛了,我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己終日在帳篷里。7find oneself 發(fā)現(xiàn)自己(處于某種狀態(tài));不知不覺地find oneself doing/done/at/in 發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在做某事/被/在地點 Then I _(發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被圍著) half a dozen boys. In the dream
4、 Peter found himself _ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.A. chased B. to be chased C. be chased D. having been chased 【答案】found myself surrounded byA find oneself done。93. The East China Sea lies to the west of Zhejiang Province. (SB U18)中國的東海位于浙江省西部。lie/be in (to/on)( the) east/we
5、st/north/south of 位于的東部/西部/北部/南部10(1)通常用動詞be和lie,be后接介詞短語,lie后既可接介詞短語,又可接副詞短語。(2)有三個介詞可分別表示方位:to,in,on。to表示在另一個地點的外部,或者某一山脈或界線以東、以西、以南、以北必須用to;in表示范圍內(nèi);on表示接壤,還可表示“在河畔/湖畔”。11(3)有時可以把副詞短語或介詞短語放在句首加動詞lie或stand,表示方位,構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。(4)lie on the coast 瀕臨海岸lie off the coast 在海水中(強調(diào)被水圍著) Wuhan _(位于之畔)the Changjia
6、ng River. Japan _(位于) the east of China. At the foot of the mountain _.A. a village lies B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village13【答案】lies onlies toB完全倒裝句。 141.情態(tài)動詞表允許、推測、判斷等用法;2.情態(tài)動詞+不定式的完成式的用法;3.情態(tài)動詞在具體語境中的用法;4.情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣中的用法。情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞15情態(tài)動詞是助動詞的一種,它們在句中不能單獨充當(dāng)謂語,要和行為動詞或連系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語部
7、分。情態(tài)動詞一共有十三個:may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to。16情態(tài)動詞的特點:情態(tài)動詞的特點:1.沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化2.其后接動詞原形3.否定式:情態(tài)動詞+not+動詞原形17一種是推測性意義,另外一種是非推測性意義。下面分別從這兩方面闡述:情態(tài)動詞的兩種意義情態(tài)動詞的兩種意義181. 1.推測性意義:推測性意義:表示說話者對所陳述的事情的可靠性進行推測或估計。下面是情態(tài)動詞表推測的可能性從大到小的排序:They must have cleaned t
8、he classroom. Its very tidy.他們一定打掃了教室,現(xiàn)在很整潔。19He cant have gone abroad. I saw him just now.他不可能出國了。我剛才還見過他。They will have arrived there, I think.我想他們已經(jīng)到了那兒。Have you heard from Jim? He should have gone to school.你收到吉姆的來信了嗎?他應(yīng)該去學(xué)校了。20She might have known the news, but Im not sure.她可能已經(jīng)知道這個消息,但我不肯定。Cou
9、ld he have been arrested by the police?他有可能被警察抓了嗎?He may not be at home.他可能不在家。212. 2. 非推測性意義:非推測性意義:不對所敘述的事情進行推測,而是說明主語發(fā)出的“命令、要求、能力、允許”等。下面對幾組詞的非推測性意義進行比較辨析: 22(1)can,be able to表示“能力”。can多用于現(xiàn)在時, could用于過去時,表示過去泛指的一般能力。be able to可用于各種時態(tài),其過去時was/were able to=managed to do/succeeded in doing,表示“過去某特定環(huán)
10、境中經(jīng)過努力設(shè)法成功做成某事”,此時不能用could。如:The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.大火很快在旅館里蔓延開來,但是每個人都設(shè)法逃出來了。23can/could可表示“允許”,用于疑問句表示委婉地提出“請求”,be able to 沒有這種用法。Can you help me with my physics?你能幫我學(xué)習(xí)物理嗎?Could I borrow your pen?我可以借一下你的鋼筆嗎?24can(用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中)表示猜測、懷疑或驚詫。
11、How can/could you be here? 你怎么會在這兒?25(2)may, might 表示“許可、請求”,相當(dāng)于can。might比may的語氣更委婉一些,否定回答時都要用cant 或mustnt表示“不可以”、“禁止”之意。 May/Might I use your pen?No, you cant/mustnt.我可以用你的鋼筆嗎? 不行,你不能用。26may用于祈使句中表示祝愿, might無此用法。May you succeed! 祝你成功!may/might (just) as well+動詞原形=had better+動詞原形You may/might as wel
12、l have a good rest.你最好好好休息一下。27(3)will, wouldwill在疑問句中用于第二人稱,表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢觥罢埱蠡蛟儐枴?用would語氣更加婉轉(zhuǎn)。Will/Would you please tell her the news when you see her?你見到她時告訴她這個消息好嗎?28表示“意志、意愿和堅定的決心”。He wont leave you. 他決不會離開你的。 would 表示過去習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的動作,意為“過去常?!?。 He would have a walk after supper.以前他常常吃完晚飯后就去散步。29(4)shal
13、l, should用于第一人稱,表示征求對方的“意愿”。Lets go home, shall we?我們回家,好嗎?30shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中,表示說話人征求對方的“意見”或向?qū)Ψ健罢埵尽薄hall we begin our lesson? 我們開始上課好嗎?Where shall he wait for you? 他到哪兒等你好呢?31shall用于第二、第三人稱,表示說話人給對方“命令、警告、允諾、決心或威脅”。You shall obey the rules.(命令)你們要遵守規(guī)則。You shall have a computer if you study hard.
14、 (允諾)如果你學(xué)習(xí)努力,你將有一臺電腦。32shall 在條約、規(guī)章和法令文件中表示義務(wù)或規(guī)定,一般用于第三人稱,指“應(yīng),必須”。Each party shall respect the conditions of this contract. (條約) 雙方都必須遵守合約中的條件。33should表示“義務(wù)、勸告、建議、命令”,其同義詞是ought to。 You should/ought to respect your parents.你應(yīng)該尊重你的父母。You should/ought to go to class right away.你應(yīng)該立刻去上課。34should/ought
15、tohave done表示“本應(yīng)該做而未做”。shouldnt have done/ought not have done 表示“本不該做而做了”,都含有責(zé)備之意。You should have come here a little earlier.你應(yīng)該早點兒來的。You ought not have watered the flowers too often.你不應(yīng)該給花這樣頻繁地澆水。35should在if引導(dǎo)的條件從句中,相當(dāng)于“萬一”的意思。Should you/If you should change your mind, do let me know.萬一你改變主意的話,一定要讓
16、我知道。36用于表示必要、適當(dāng)、驚奇和遺憾的從句中,指“應(yīng)該,竟然會”。Its necessary that I (should) go at once.我應(yīng)該馬上去。Why should he think that? 為什么他竟會那樣想?37(5)must, have(got)tomust表示的是說話人的主觀意志,而have to則往往強調(diào)客觀需要。The play is not interesting. I really must go now.這場戲劇很無趣,現(xiàn)在我真的要走了。My computer broke down. I had to buy a new one.我的電腦壞了,我不
17、得不買臺新的。38must一般只表示現(xiàn)在,have則有更多的時態(tài)形式。二者的否定意義不同。Mustnt 指“禁止,千萬不,一定不”;doesnt/dont/didnt have to 指“不必”。You mustnt go. 你千萬不要去。You dont have to go.=You neednt go. 你不必去。39must有時可用來表示“偏偏”的意思,而have to 無此義。Why must it rain today? 為什么偏偏在今天下雨?40(6)would, used to would表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作,但不涉及與現(xiàn)在情況的對比。He would walk by the
18、river in the morning. 以前每天早上他經(jīng)常去河邊散步。41注意:注意:would后只能接表動作的動詞,不能接表狀態(tài)的動詞。 如不能說:He would be late for school last year.(錯)There would be a temple here. (錯)used to表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在已不存在了,有明顯的今昔對比。He used to get up very early. 他過去起得早。(意思是說現(xiàn)在起得不早了)42(7)dare, need作情態(tài)動詞時后接動詞原形,無人稱和數(shù)的變化。 Need I finish the work today? Yes, you must.我今天需要完成工作嗎?是的,必須完成。How dare you say so? 你怎敢這樣說?43作實義動詞時,有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化,在肯定句中,dare后面通常接帶to的不定式,在否定和疑問句中,dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。She doesnt dare (to) go out alone at night.她不敢晚上一個人出去。He needs to think it over again. 他需要再三思考。