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1、2011高考英語備考課件：語法專題(二)定語從句語法專題語法專題(二二)定語從句定語從句 一、關系詞 關系詞通常有三個作用：引導定語從句；指代先行詞；在定語從句中充當句子成分。關系詞類別關系詞先行詞充當從句的句子成分關系代詞who人主、賓、表whom人賓which物主、賓、表that人或物主、賓、表as人或物主、賓、表whose人或物定關系副詞when時間詞狀where地點詞狀whyreason狀 1.指人時，who和that都可以使用，但先行詞是anyone，those，he時，一般用who。 這樣考過 (江西臨川二中)The employers often give the job to

2、_ they believe have work experience with a strong sense of duty. AwhoeverBwhomever Cwho Dthose who 答案：D (江蘇姜堰中學)You see，you seem to have done too badly in practicing playing basketball. Yeah，but _，so I think it doesnt matter at all. Ahe that climbs high falls heavily Bhe who does not advance loses g

3、round Che who makes no mistakes makes nothing Dhe knows most who speaks least 解析：據(jù)句意表泛指的he作先行詞，由who引導定語從句。不犯錯誤的人也做不成任何事。故選C。 答案：C 2who和whom都可以作從句賓語，但從句中的介詞提前時，不能用who。 這樣考過 (江蘇武進區(qū)四校聯(lián)考)She is a helpful neighbor，_ all of us will always adore and be thankful to. A/ Bthat Cthe one whom Done whom 答案：D (全國

4、)She brought with her three friends，none of _ I had ever met before. Athem Bwho Cwhom Dthese 解析：句意：她帶了三個朋友過來，沒有一個是我曾經見過的。此題考查非限制性定語從句。先行詞是her three friends，代入定語從句后為：I had ever met none_of_her_three_friends.而介詞后指人時用關系代詞whom。 答案：C 3whose用來指人或物，只用作定語。 這樣考過 (北京海淀區(qū))Last week，we watched Beijing Opera，_ st

5、yle was unfamiliar to most of us. Awhat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhose 解析：先行詞是京劇，后面用定語從句修飾。京劇的風格為我們中大多數(shù)人不熟悉，因此選whose。 答案：D (安徽)Many children，_ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village. Atheir Bwhose Cof them Dwith whom 解析：句意：很多小孩在村里都得到了很好的照顧，他們的父母親遠在大城市里打工。whose 引導非限制性定語從句。

6、A項their和C項of them不能連接從句，可以排除；選with whom會導致句意混亂。 答案：B (北京西城區(qū)抽樣測試)Just like a voyage at sea，our life journey，_ days are limited，is full of difficulties. Awhich B.that Cits Dwhose 解析：由句意：人生旅途如航海一樣，時光有限，且充滿艱辛。whose引導非限制性定語從句，修飾journey，作定語從句的定語，故選D。 答案：D 4which和that所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞。 這樣考過 (南通調研)Young pe

7、ople who have got jobs may realize university lessons cant be the only preparation for all of the situations _ appear in the working world. Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhat 解析：由句子結構知空格處應填一個關系代詞，引導定語從句修飾先行詞situations，且在定語從句中作主語，故選that。 答案：C 5先行詞是物時that和which一般可以互換使用，但有時不可換用。 (1)下列場合一般只用that： 先行詞是all，much，any

8、thing，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代詞。 這樣考過 (衡水中學)They went on well at first but eventually everything _ they had worried about happened. Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dwhen 解析：由句中知先行詞為不定代詞everything，選C。 答案：C (南昌調研)You can only be sure of all _ you have at present；you cannot be sure of something

9、_ you might get in the future. Athat; what Bthat; / Cwhich; that Dwhat; that 解析：第一空的先行詞為all，后面應該用that引導定語從句；第二空的先行詞something暗示應該用that，但因為此處that在從句中作賓語，故可以省略。 答案：B 當先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時或先行詞被形容詞最高級以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等詞修飾時。 這樣考過 (寧波聯(lián)考)Do you agree with her ideas at the meeting? Absol

10、utely，what shes just said is the very idea _ I want to express. Athat Bwhat Cwhich Dwhy 解析：定語從句缺少賓語且先行詞前面有the very 修飾時，關系代詞只用that不用which。 答案：A 先行詞有兩個，一個指人，另一個指物。 可能這樣考 He talked a lot about things and persons _ they remembered in the school. Awhich Bthat Cwhom Dwhat 解析：things和persons是先行詞。當定語從句要修飾的先行

11、詞既表示人，又表示物的名詞時，其關系代詞要用that。 答案：B 主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句。 當先行詞由the only，the very，few，little，no，all等修飾時。 當先行詞在主句中作表語時，而關系代詞在從句中作表語時。 (2)下列場合不能使用that： 在非限制性定語從句中(指人時使用who或whom，指物時使用which)。 這樣考過 (濟南模擬)We went to Mountain Tai last weekend，_，not surprisingly，was crowded with visitors. Athat Bwhich Cwhere D

12、when 解析：句意為：我們上個周末去了泰山，并不奇怪的是，那里擠滿了游客。分析句子成分可知，所填的關系詞引導非限制性定語從句，修飾Mountain Tai，關系詞在定語從句中作主語，故應用which來引導。where引導定語從句時，在從句中作地點狀語。that引導限制性定語從句，且在從句中作主語、賓語等。when引導定語從句時，先行詞應為表示時間的詞，且在定語從句中作時間狀語。由語境可知B項正確。 答案：B 在“介詞關系代詞”結構中(指人時使用whom，指物時使用which)。 這樣考過 (福州質檢)There are altogether fiftysix students in our

13、class，_ is a new comer from a faraway mountain village. Athe most hardworking of who Bof whom the most hardworking Cthe most hardworking of them Dbut the most hardworking of whom 解析：根據(jù)句意及句型結構，應為B項，屬介詞前置的定語從句。A項who前不能有介詞；C項them不能引導定語從句；D項有連詞but不再是定語從句，因此不能用whom。 答案：B (濰坊質檢)Safety in school has been o

14、f great concern because of frequent reports about accidents _ students got injured or killed while in school. Ain which Bfor which Cwhich Dwhen 解析：該句中的accidents為先行詞，in which引導定語從句，相當于where，作從句的地點狀語。句意為“由于不斷有校園傷害或死亡的報道，校園安全已成為了一個重要問題?！惫蔬xA。 答案：A 6當先行詞指時間、地點、原因(the reason)時，如果關系詞在從句中作狀語，用when，where，why

15、。 這樣考過 (重慶)Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. Awhy Bwhat Cthat Dwhere 解析：句意：生活像長跑比賽，我們與其他人競爭以超越自我。本題考查定語從句。先行詞為race，代入定語從句后為：we compete with others to go beyond ourselves in the long race。由此可見，in the long race 在定語從句中作狀語，且不表示原因(排除A項)，故D項正確。 答案：D (浙江)I have reach

16、ed a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. Awhich Bwhere Chow Dwhy 解析：句意：我已經到了應該自己作決定的那個人生階段。where 引導定語從句修飾先行詞point。 答案：B (福建)Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently. Athat Bwhen Cwhich Dwhere 解析：句意：把孩子放在一個能使他們從另外一個角度認識自己的環(huán)境中對他們有益。本題考查

17、定語從句，先行詞是situation，代入定語從句后為：They can see themselves differently in_the_situation.由此可見，先行詞在定語從句中作狀語，故用關系副詞；而when表“時間”，不合本題要求，只有where符合本題要求。 答案：D (錦州二模)So you know Della? Yes，it was last week _ I surfed the Internet. Athat Bwhen Csince Dbefore 解析：根據(jù)句意可知it此處指的是認識Della的時間，而不是強調句型中的it。因此后用when引導定語從句。 答案：

18、B 7當先行詞是the way，并且關系詞在從句中作方式狀語時，可以用that，可以用in which，也可以省略。 這樣考過 (漳州質檢)Our chemistry teacher announced that he would do the experiment in a different way _ we might find interesting. Awhich Bin which Cin that Dwhat 解析：由句子知空格處應填一個引導定語從句的關系詞來修飾先行詞way，定語從句中缺少一個做賓語的成分，故選關系代詞which。如果先行詞為way，定語從句中缺少方式狀語，則用

19、in which/ that/來引導定語從句。注意區(qū)別這兩種方法。 答案：A 二、非限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句和主句關系不密切，去掉定語從句，句子的意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號把主句和從句分開。使用時應注意以下幾點： 非限制性定語從句不能用that引導。 非限制性定語從句中的關系詞不可省略，不管在從句中充當什么成分。 這樣考過(山東)Whenever I met her，_ was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile. Awho Bwhich Cwhen Dthat 解析：句意：不管我何時遇見她，她都用甜甜的微笑迎接我，這是常事兒。

20、which引導非限制性定語從句，指代前面的句子。 答案：B(北京西城區(qū))More wild tigers have been seen in the forest around this area，_ there used to be very few. Awhen Bwhere Cwhat Dwhich 解析：更多的野生老虎在這個地區(qū)的森林里被發(fā)現(xiàn)了?！皌his area”是先行詞，where引導定語從句，意思是這里過去(老虎)很少，用來修飾this area。 答案：B 三、“介詞關系代詞(which/whom/whose)”引導的定語從句 關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，常常將介詞前

21、置到作賓語的關系代詞前。主要考查以下三個方面： 1關系代詞的選用：關系代詞指人時，只可用whom，不可用who或that；關系代詞指物時，只可用which，不可用that。 這樣考過(蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)四市聯(lián)考)He didnt put the things _ they belonged，for _ reason he got his punishment. Awhich; that Bwhat; that Cthat; whose Dwhere; which 解析：據(jù)句意知，第一空為where引導的地點狀語從句；第二空為which引導的非限制性定語從句，which指代其前的主句。據(jù)此，選D。

22、答案：D(江西五校聯(lián)考)The rich，for _ money was not a problem，wanted to stay at an expensive hotel. Atheir Bthem Cwhose Dwhom 解析：先行詞是the rich，指人，關系詞在從句中作介詞for的賓語，且介詞for提前，故用whom。 答案：D 注意：并不是所有情況下介詞都可以前置，含有介詞的短語動詞不可拆開，介詞仍需放在動詞的后面。如：look for，look after，take care of等。 2介詞的選擇：介詞的選擇取決于這個介詞與先行詞、從句中相關成分或整個從句之間各種搭配關系。

23、 這樣考過(長郡中學)It was surprising to see all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma，_ turned up a rare rainbow soon. Aof which Bwhere Cfrom which Dabove which 解析：which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾the top of Mount Qomolangma，在之上，用介詞above，屬介詞前置的定語從句，故選D。 答案：D(陜西重點聯(lián)考)The position，however，_ you ar

24、e applying，is not quite a wellpaid one. Athat Bwhich Cfor which Dto which 解析：語境：然而，你申請的這個職位薪俸并不算(十分)優(yōu)厚。however 作為插入成分，容易使考生出錯。其實，本句可拆分為“You are applying for the position.”和“The position is not quite a wellpaid one.”兩個句子，故關系代詞which作apply for 的賓語。 答案：C(浙江五校聯(lián)考)He came back late，_which time all the gues

25、ts had already left. Aafter Bby Cat Dduring 解析：根據(jù)后面部分的過去完成時態(tài)可知前面應該用by。 答案：B(貴港監(jiān)測)The film _ I am speaking is to be shown at the Peoples Cinema. Ato which Bwith which Cof which Don which 解析：“speak of something” 談論，故選C。 答案：C 3介詞關系代詞前還可用some，any，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each，few等，代詞、名詞或數(shù)詞等構成復合介詞

26、短語。 His sons，both of whom loved music very much，spent most of their money on CDs.他的兩個兒子都熱愛音樂，他們把大部分錢用來買CD唱片。 這樣考過(福建師大附中)James and Alex，_ clothes Harry had taken away，had to leave the pool with nothing on. Aboth of which Bboth of whose Cneither of whom Dneither of which 解析：由句意：James和Alex不得不光著身子上岸，他倆

27、的衣服被Harry拿走了。所考查部分為名詞/代詞及介詞提前的定語從句，先行詞James和Alex與clothes之間為所屬關系，故選關系代詞whose作定語。綜上選B。 答案：B(揚州調研)Zunhua is one of the famous tourism destinations，_ lies Dongling，a group of the Qing Imperial Tombs. A20 miles northwest of it B20 miles northwest of which Cnorthwest 20 miles to it Dnorthwest 20 miles of

28、which 解析：分析句子知本句考查名/代詞前置，其后加介詞的定語從句，句意：遵化是著名的旅游景點之一，在其西北20英里處，座落著東陵，。 答案：B(江西吉安一中)The mountain villagers，_ had been damaged by the big flood，were given help by both the government and the Red Cross. Aall whose homes Ball of whose homes Call their homes Dall of their homes 答案：B(四川綿陽診斷)The pilot lost

29、connection with the military base，_ the plane crashed in the desert. Aby means of which Bin front of which Cin case of which Das a result of which 解析：由語境可知，the plane crashed in the desert 是The pilot lost connection with the military base的結果，所以要用as a result of which。句意為：飛行員與軍事基地失去了聯(lián)系，結果，飛機在沙漠中失事。 答案：

30、D 四、as引導定語從句的用法 1as可引導限制性定語從句，用于such/so.as.，the same.as.結構中。 注意：先行詞被the same修飾時，定語從句引導詞可以使用as或that，但意義不同，用as表示前后所指是同一類別事物中的不同個體，用that表示前后所指是同一件事物。如： He bought the same diamond as I lost two years ago. 他買了和我兩年前所丟失的一樣的鉆石。(是差不多一樣的一顆，而非同一顆) He bought the same diamond that I lost two years ago. 他買了我兩年前丟失

31、的鉆石。(是同一顆鉆石) 這樣考過 (浙江臺州中學)The small town is so good a place _ many people come to visit _ it has become well known all over the world. Athat; that Bas; as Cthat; as Das; that 答案：D(吉安模擬)His stocks are sold at such a low price _ he didnt expect. Aas Bthat Cwhen Dwhich 解析：從句型結構看先行詞price之前被such修飾，由此確定由a

32、s引導定語從句，并作定語從句中expect的賓語，故選A。 答案：A還可能這樣考 I have bought the same watch_you have. Athat Bwhich Cas Dwhose 解析：the same.as.表示“與同樣的”，強調兩者完全相同。而such(a/an).as.則表示“像那樣一類的”，強調兩者之間類似。此外，若需表示“同一個”，強調兩者是同一對象(人或物)，則使用“the same.關系代詞that/關系副詞where”。答案：答案：C 2當非限制性定語從句的先行詞不是主句中的某一個詞，而是整個主句時，可以用which或as引導。 注意：(1)如下情況

33、一般用as： a從句意為“(正)像一樣，(正)如一樣”。 這樣考過(2010海門市診斷性考試)That raised the costs of Medicare, _ represented 15% of the federal funds last year. A. it B. what C. which D. that 答案：C(2006天津)The Beatles，_ many of you are old enough to remember，came from Liverpool. Awhat Bthat Chow Das 解析：本題考查考生對定語從句的掌握和運用能力。本題句意為：“

34、你們中許多年紀大的人會記的這一點甲殼蟲樂隊的成員是來自利物浦”。根據(jù)句子結構判斷，空白處缺一引導非限制性定語從句的關聯(lián)詞，由于先行詞并非僅指名詞The Beatles，而指“The Beatles came from Liverpool”整個句子，應選擇關系代詞as，因此正確答案是D。 答案：D b從句位于句首，構成以下常見結構：as is well known眾所周知；as often happens這種情況經常發(fā)生；as is often the case情況常常這樣；as is supposed如所預料的；as has been pointed out如所指出的，as has been

35、said before如前所說；as is usual(某人)通常會。 這樣考過(云南昆明質檢)_is generally the case，those who care for the weakest members of society are respected. AWhich BThat CWhat DAs 解析：as 引導方式狀語，表示“正如一樣”。 答案：D(常德測試卷)_ is reported in the newspaper，people in Sichuan Province are recovering from the terrible disaster and liv

36、ing a normal life. AIt BAs CThat DWhat 解析：As is reported in the newspaper“正如所報道的那樣”。as用來引導非限制性定語從句，用來代替整個主句的內容。 答案：B (2)如下情況一般用which： 主句和從句表示因果關系。 這樣考過(2007湖南)By serving others，a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself，_can be very eyeopening and rewarding. Awho Bwhich Cwhat Dthat 解析

37、：先行詞為前面整句話所表達的內容，故用which引導一個非限定性定語從句。 答案：B(東北三校聯(lián)考)Obama won the election.Its amazing! Yes.But the result was within _ we had expected，_ brought great joy to many young people and the black. Athat; which Bthat; that Cwhat; what Dwhat; which 解析：第一個空what作expect的賓語，指代前面的“the result”；第二個空which引導非限定性定語從句。

38、 答案：D 非限制性定語從句是否定意義。 這樣考過(2007西城)The project turned out to be very good， _was more than we could expect. Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dthis 解析：定語從句的意思是：并非我們所預料的。 答案：C 五、其他 1分隔定語從句：定語從句與先行詞之間被其他成分分隔開來，這種定語從句叫做分隔定語從句。此時須注意辨別從句的先行詞： The days are gone when we suffered so much. 以前那種受苦難的日子已過去了。 (when引導的定語從句修飾days，中

39、間被謂語are gone隔開) The boss of the company，whose name was Mr.Little，told the story.公司的老板名叫利特爾先生，他說明了情況。 (whose引導的定語從句修飾boss，中間被介詞短語of the company隔開) 這樣考過(北京崇文區(qū))The photographs of Ms.Kerry，_ she often makes her family members her subjects，are of great value. Afor whom Bin which Cabout which Dof whom 解析：

40、先行詞是The photographs of Ms Kerry 定語從句“在照片里，她的家人是她拍攝的主題”，故選用in which。 答案：B 2定語從句的謂語動詞與先行詞保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。 注意：先行詞前有one of修飾，定語從句謂語動詞用復數(shù)；先行詞前有the(only)one of修飾，定語從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 這樣考過(2010濰坊測試)This is one of the best films _ this year. Athey have been shown Bthat has been shown Cthat have been shown Dwhich have bee

41、n shown 答案：C 1The man showed us such a heavy stone _ no man could lift. AthatBas Cwhich Dand 答案與解析：B定語從句。當先行詞被such，as，the same，so等修飾時關系代詞常用as引導定語從句。如從句中l(wèi)ift后有賓語it，則為結果狀語從句，引導詞用that。(友情提示：復習定語從句時，關注which和as代表整個句子時的區(qū)別)。 2Sufficient supply of gas is the major concern to the European Union，_ a number of

42、 member states are increasingly dependent on one single supplier. Awhich Bthat Cwhose Dwhere 答案與解析：D考查定語從句的用法。句意為“足夠的油氣供應是歐盟主要關注的事情，在歐盟很多成員國越來越依賴于單一供應商?！痹诖恕癬a number of member states are increasingly dependent on one single supplier”是定語從句修飾先行詞the European Union，先行詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，故選D。本題容易誤選A和B，是因為句子結構沒判

43、斷準確。 3(2010安徽名校聯(lián)考)In our university there are several big parks _we students can go to enjoy the beautiful scenery. Ato which Bat which Cfrom which Din which 答案與解析：A本題考查定語從句。由go to several big parks“去公園”可知，句子中應用to which來引導定語從句。后面的to enjoy the beautiful scenery做目的狀語。 4A dozen family members gathered

44、at the table _ were traditional local foods such as preserved ham sausage. Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dwhere 答案與解析：D考查定語從句的先行詞。很顯然先行詞在從句中作地點狀語，所以要用關系副詞where，相當于on the table；定語從句為倒裝結構。 5The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things，_ is often the case in other countri

45、es. Awhat Bas Cso Dthat 答案與解析：B考查定語從句。as引導非限制性定語從句，代替前面一句話，意為“正如，正像”。 6Bears often hide themselves in places _ cant be found by hunters. Ain which Bwhere Cthat D/ 答案與解析：C考查定語從句。從句中缺少主語，所以應該用關系代詞，關系代詞作主語時不可以省略，所以本題選擇that，代替places。 7There are often occasions _ people are not clear about their roles in

46、 the society. Awhy Bwhich Cwhen Dwhat 答案與解析：C考查定語從句。先行詞是occasion，指物，也可指時間，關系詞在從句中作時間狀語，用關系副詞，選C。 8Its on the festival occasions _ the family get together _he misses his late father. Awhere; that Bwhich; when Cwhen; that Dthat; when 答案與解析：C第一個空由when引導定語從句，修飾on the festival occasions；第二個空為強調句型，Its on

47、the festival occasions that he misses his late father. 9Nowadays，when people talk about magicians，the first one _ comes into their mind is Liu Qian. Awhom Bwhich Cthat Dwhat 答案與解析：C考查定語從句。代替指人的先行詞，并在從句中作主語，先行詞由the first 修飾，所以只能用that。 10(2010北京東城區(qū))When you look for a job, its not your book knowledge

48、but your experience _ matters more. Awhether Bwhich Cwhat Dthat 答案與解析：D考查強調句型，強調原句主語。 11Bill Gates has created a wonderful “window” _ people can surf the Internet freely. Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhen 答案與解析：C考查定語從句中關系代詞和關系副詞的辨析。先行詞為a wonderful “window”，連接詞在從句中作地點狀語，因此應用關系副詞where。 12This is a reading roo

49、m，boy.You must act in a way _ wont disturb others. Ain which Bit Cwhich Das 答案與解析：C考查定語從句。句意為：你的行為舉止不能打擾別人(閱讀)?？瞻滋幮枰钜粋€關系代詞，在從句中作主語，只能選C。 13John，_ money is no problem，still leads a simple life. Afor whose Bof whose Cof whom Dfor whom 答案與解析：D考查介詞關系代詞的用法。for sb. 意思是：對于某人來說。先行詞John在從句中作介詞for的賓語。 14Afte

50、r the adjustment of financial policies，many netizens put up posts,90 percent _ carried the message of approval. Aof which Bof whom Cof them Dof what 答案與解析：A考查定語從句。句意為：在進行適度經濟政策調整之后，許多網(wǎng)民發(fā)帖，其中90%的網(wǎng)民表示贊同，本題考查非限制性定語從句，先行詞為posts，所以關系代詞用which。 15The beautiful mountain village _ we spent our holiday last y

51、ear is located in _ is now part of Guangxi. Awhich; where Bwhere; what Cthat; what Dwhen; which 答案與解析：B考查從句的辨析。第一空引導定語從句，先行詞在從句中作地點狀語，所以要用where引導；第二空引導名詞性從句，what作介詞in的賓語，同時在從句中作主語。 16The population of the village near the sea，_ are making their efforts to develop economy of their own. Anearly sevent

52、y percent of which depend on fishing Bof which nearly seventy percent depends on fishing Cnearly seventy percent of whom depends on fishing Dof whom nearly seventy percent depend on fishing 答案與解析：Dpopulation為定語從句的先行詞表示全體居民。 17Martin Van Buren was the eighth President of the United States and the fir

53、st _ native language was not English but Dutch. Athat Bwhose Cwhich Dwhere 答案與解析：B考查定語從句。名詞the first (president)與native language之間是所有關系。故答案選B。 18(2010湖南師大附中)A large number of students give messages to their close friends through this radio club，_ hosts are all their schoolmates. Athat Bof which Cwhi

54、ch Dwhose 答案：D 19Our class will put on a wonderful performance on October 1，_ we think is a very important holiday in our country. Awhen Bwhich Cthat Dwhat 答案與解析：B要注意此句的結構，先行詞為 Oct.1，在定從句中作主語。其中we think為插入語，選B。 20Pointing to the house on _ roof grew lots of bush，the old man told me that was _ I would stay. Aits; what Bwhose; what Cwhose; where Dits; where 答案與解析：C“on whose roof grew lots of bush”是定語從句，修飾the house，whose roofthe houses roof；第二個空格是表語從句的引導詞，根據(jù)句意，應選where。