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第2課時高瞻遠矚 鎖定主旨大意類題目 怎么考主旨大意類題目主要考查全文的主旨大意 段落的中心思想 作者的寫作目的和文章標題 常見的設問方式有 1 Themainidea keypointofthispassageisthat 2 Thepassageismainlyabout 3 Thebesttitle headlineforthispassageis 4 Thetopic subjectdiscussedinthispassageis 5 Fromthepassagewecanlearn concludethat 6 Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith 7 Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage 8 Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage 怎么學在平時的閱讀練習中 注意文章的體裁 把握作者的寫作目的與思路 學會抓主題句 主題段 關注文章的首段 尾段 每段的首句和尾句等 另外 掌握略讀與細讀的基本技巧 學會積累 尋找關鍵詞像themostimportant finally等 像概括類詞therefore inaword等 怎么解做此類題目時做到 1 高瞻遠矚 不可以偏概全 不可以個人的思想代替作者的思想 2 在了解全文大意的基礎上 仔細考慮選項內容與文章主題有沒有聯(lián)系 3 看選項內容對文章概括得是否正確 4 要注意選項中所給出的題目范圍是否過大或過小 要避免以下三種錯誤 概括不夠 過度概括 以事實細節(jié)替代概括性強的大意 5 找主題句的四個小竅門 段落中出現(xiàn)表轉折的詞語 如however but infact actually while onthecontrary incontrast等 時 其后的句子很可能是主題句 首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時 對該問題的回答很可能就是主題句 作者有意識地反復強調的觀點 通常是主旨 反復出現(xiàn)的詞語 一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關鍵詞 表示總結或結論的詞或短語有therefore thus inshort conclude inconclusion等 典例剖析1 體裁 說明文話題 房子與健康詞數(shù) 380時間 8 2015 新課標全國卷 B Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating forpeopleareoftenlessself conscious 難為情 whenthey reinpoorlylitplaces andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood Ifyourhomedoesn thaveenoughwindowlight getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness Mindthecolors Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites Inonestudy peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry Sowhenit stimetorepaint goblue Don tforgettheclock ortheradio Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories 卡路里 permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals Beginkeepingtrackofthetime andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes Andwhileyou reatit actuallysitdowntoeat Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown turnonrelaxingmusic Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal Downsizethedishes Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12 inchplateinsteadofa10 inchplate Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone totalintake 攝入 jumpsby14percent Andwe llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort wideglassthanatall skinnyglass 語篇解讀 這是一篇科普說明文 短文主要說明了人的食量與房子粉刷的顏色 燈光的明暗等有著密切的關系 它們對人的身材會產(chǎn)生一定的影響 1 Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout A theirhomecomfortsB theirbodyshapeC housebuyingD healthydiets答案B 推理判斷題 短文主要說明了飲食與室內光線 墻壁的顏色 餐具的尺寸及進餐的速度等有著密切的關系 顯然這對于那些注重體型的人是有所幫助的 故答案為B 2 Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople A digestfoodbetterB reducefoodintakeC burnmorecaloriesD regaintheirappetites答案B 事實細節(jié)題 根據(jù)第三段 peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom 可知 藍色的用餐環(huán)境有助于減少食物攝入量 因此B項正確 3 Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes A Eatquickly B Playfastmusic C Usesmallerspoons D Turndownthelights 答案C 事實細節(jié)題 由第四段第二句可知 進餐快的人比進餐慢的人每頓飯多消耗70卡路里的熱量 由此可知A項錯誤 由第四段倒數(shù)第二句中的 turnonrelaxingmusic 可知B項不對 而由第二段首句中的 turnupthelights 可知D項也是錯誤的 根據(jù)最后一段 whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone totalintakejumpsby14percent 也可直接推知答案為C 4 Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext A IsYourHouseMakingYouFat B WaysofServingDinnerC EffectsofSelf ConsciousnessD IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing 答案A 標題歸納題 短文首句即為主題句 房子可能影響住戶的身材 接下來從房子的顏色 室內燈光等方面說明了對飲食的影響 用A項作標題 既能總括全文 又能吸引讀者 典例剖析2 體裁 議論文話題 社會生活詞數(shù) 266時間 5 2014 重慶卷 E It sgenerallybelievedthatpeopleactthewaytheydobecauseoftheirpersonalitiesandattitudes Theyrecycletheirgarbagebecausetheycareabouttheenvironment Theypay 5foracaramelbrul elattebecausetheylikeexpensivecoffeedrinks It sundeniablethatbehaviorcomesfromourinnerdispositions 性情 butinmanyinstanceswealsodrawinferencesaboutwhoweare assuggestedbythesocialpsychologistDarylBem byobservingourownbehavior Wecanbestrangerstoourselves Ifweknewourownminds whywouldweneedtoguesswhatourpreferencesarefromourbehavior Ifourmindswereanopenbook wewouldknowexactlyhowmuchwecareabouttheenvironmentorlikelattes Actually weoftenneedtolooktoourbehaviortofigureoutwhoweare Moreover wedon tjustuseourbehaviortolearnaboutourparticulartypesofcharacter weinfercharactersthatweren ttherebefore Ourbehaviorisoftenshapedbylittlepressuresaroundus whichwefailtorecognize Maybewerecyclebecauseourwivesandneighborswoulddisapproveifwedidn t Maybewebuylattesinordertoimpressthepeoplearoundus Weshouldnotmistakenlybelievethatwealwaysbehaveasaresultofsomeinnerdisposition Whateverpressurestherecanbeorinferencesonecanmake peoplebecomewhattheydo thoughitmaynotbeincompliance 符合 withtheirtruedesires Therefore weshouldallbearinmindKurtVonnegut sadvice Wearewhatwepretendtobe sowemustbecarefulaboutwhatwepretendtobe 語篇解讀 本文講述了人的性格和態(tài)度決定人的行為 5 Accordingtothepassage personalitiesandattitudesarecommonlybelievedto A determineone sbehaviorB reflectone stasteC influenceone ssurroundingsD resultfromone shabits答案A 事實細節(jié)題 根據(jù)文章第一段中 It sgenerallybelievedthat andattitude 可知性格和態(tài)度決定一個人的行為 故選A 6 WhichofthefollowingwouldDarylBemmostprobablyagreewith A Thereturnofawalletcanindicateone shonesty B Akindpersonwillofferhisseattotheold C Onerecyclesplasticstoprotecttheenvironment D Onebuyslatteoutoftrueloveofcoffee 答案A 推理判斷題 根據(jù)文章第二段中 It sundeniablethat aboutwhoweare 可知拾金不昧表明人的誠實 故選A 7 Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthepassage A Wefailtorealizeourinnerdispositions B Wecanbeinfluencedbyoutsidepressures C Ourbehavioristheresultofourtruedesires D Ourcharacterscanshapeoursocialrelationships 答案B 推理判斷題 根據(jù)畫線句子可知如果我們不重復利用的話 妻子和鄰居會反對 可以推出我們會受外界壓力的影響 故選B 8 Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage A Personalitiesandattitudes B Preferencesandhabits C Behaviorandpersonalities D Attitudesandpreferences 答案C 主旨大意題 根據(jù)文章第一句話 It sgenerallybelievedthat andattitudes 可知這是本文主題句 所以本文討論了性格和行為的關系 故選C