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1、LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE GRAMMAR 動詞動詞-ing形式的被動式形式的被動式 動詞動詞-ing形式的被動式形式的被動式, 其構(gòu)成為其構(gòu)成為 “being+動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞”, 可在句中作可在句中作主語主語, 表語表語, 賓語賓語, 賓語補足語賓語補足語, 定語和狀定語和狀語語, 但不能單獨作謂語但不能單獨作謂語, 其完成形式為其完成形式為having been done, 多在句中作狀語。多在句中作狀語。 如果動詞如果動詞-ing形式的邏輯主語為所形式的邏輯主語為所表示的動作的承受者，動詞表示的動作的承受者，動詞-ing形式形式要用被動語態(tài)，動詞要用被動

2、語態(tài)，動詞-ing形式的被動形式的被動語態(tài)有一般式與完成式之分。語態(tài)有一般式與完成式之分。 1)一般式一般式: Being badly wounded, the whale soon died.George didnt like being kept waiting.I am not interested in the topic being discussed.He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher. 他害怕被老師責罵。他害怕被老師責罵。 此外此外, 動詞動詞-ing形式的被動式還可以在形式的被動式還可以在句中構(gòu)成復合賓語。如：句中構(gòu)成復合

3、賓語。如：Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere.你會聽到到處都在討論這個問題。你會聽到到處都在討論這個問題。He often watched the boats being unloaded. 他常?？摧喆敦?。他常?？摧喆敦洝s we approached the village we saw new houses being built.走近村子時我們看到正在蓋新房。走近村子時我們看到正在蓋新房。 而且在而且在want, need, deserve, require等等動動詞后詞后, 盡管表示的是被動含義盡管表示的是被動含義,

4、我們卻用我們卻用動詞動詞-ing形式，也可以用不定式的被動形式，也可以用不定式的被動形形式來替換。如：式來替換。如：The blackboard needs cleaning. = The blackboard needs to be cleaned. 黑板需要擦干凈。黑板需要擦干凈。The broken window wants repairing. = The broken window wants to be repaired. 那個破窗戶需要修理。那個破窗戶需要修理。 在在worth這個形容詞后情形也是這樣這個形容詞后情形也是這樣: Her method is worth trying

5、. 她的方法值得試一下。她的方法值得試一下。 2) 完成式表示動名詞的動作發(fā)生在完成式表示動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。謂語動作之前。 He prided himself on having never been beaten in class. 【拓展延伸【拓展延伸】 在表示一個被動動作時，如果這在表示一個被動動作時，如果這個動作是現(xiàn)在正在進行的，或是個動作是現(xiàn)在正在進行的，或是與謂語表示的動作同時發(fā)生的，與謂語表示的動作同時發(fā)生的，我們可以用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動。我們可以用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動。(1) 作定語作定語That building being repaired is our library

6、.正在翻修的那座樓是我們的正在翻修的那座樓是我們的圖書館。圖書館。He asked who was the man being operated on. 他問這時動手術(shù)的人是誰。他問這時動手術(shù)的人是誰。(2) 構(gòu)成復合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成復合結(jié)構(gòu)Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere. 你會聽到到處都在討論這個問題。你會聽到到處都在討論這個問題。He often watched the boated being unloaded. 他常?？摧喆敦?。他常常看輪船卸貨。(3) 作狀語作狀語Being asked to give a performanc

7、e, she couldnt very well refuse. 有人有人請她表演一個節(jié)目，她不好拒絕。請她表演一個節(jié)目，她不好拒絕。Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe. 有一堵厚墻有一堵厚墻掩護著，他們感到很安全。掩護著，他們感到很安全。有時還有完成被動形式：有時還有完成被動形式：Having been given such a good chance, how could se let it slip away? 人家給了她這樣一個好機會，她怎么能人家給了她這樣一個好機會，她怎么能輕易放過？輕易放過

8、？The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.決決議既已做出議既已做出, 下個問題就是如何制定一個下個問題就是如何制定一個好的規(guī)劃了。好的規(guī)劃了。動詞動詞-ing形式的被動式在各句中作什么成分形式的被動式在各句中作什么成分?1. So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.2. He didnt mind being left at home. 3. That building being repaired is our libra

9、ry.4. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe. 5. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?主語主語subject賓語賓語object定語定語attributive狀語狀語adverbial狀語狀語adverbial1. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. （2007

10、全國卷全國卷II）A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and closeChoose the right answer.2. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. (上海上海2002)A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed分析分析: 本句中本句中expose與與ones skin是動賓

11、關(guān)是動賓關(guān)系系, 根據(jù)句意根據(jù)句意, 應(yīng)該是皮膚被暴露在陽光應(yīng)該是皮膚被暴露在陽光下下, 所以要用動詞所以要用動詞-ing形式的被動形式作形式的被動形式作主語主語, 故答案為故答案為C。 3. The discovery of new evidence led to _. （上海（上海2003）A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught分析分析: lead to 中的中的to 是介詞是介詞, 后接動詞后接動詞-ing形式作賓語。形式作賓語。“小

12、偷被抓小偷被抓”應(yīng)用動應(yīng)用動詞詞-ing的被動形式的被動形式being caught, 所以選所以選C。4. _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. （09北京）北京） A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten 5. _ many times, he finally understood it. （09四川）四川） A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having

13、been told 【答案】【答案】D 考查非謂語的用法。考查非謂語的用法。【點撥】【點撥】tell與主語之間的關(guān)系是被動與主語之間的關(guān)系是被動 和完成的關(guān)系，所以用和完成的關(guān)系，所以用having been done來表示被動和完成。來表示被動和完成。 6. I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone. (09 江西卷江西卷) A. to promote B. having been promoted C. having promoted D. to be promoted【答案

14、】【答案】B 本題考查非謂語動詞的完成本題考查非謂語動詞的完成式。式。Mention后面跟動名詞，且后面跟動名詞，且promote與與he為動賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用為動賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用V-ing的被動形的被動形式，又因為式，又因為“提升提升”在在“打電話打電話”之前，之前，故故用完成時。用完成時?！緦崙?zhàn)演練【實戰(zhàn)演練I 】1. - What made Bill so angry? - _. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasnt come yet.A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept waitin

15、gC. To be kept waiting D. Being kept waitedB2.The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being builtD3. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C.

16、 being caught D. to catch4. - What do you think of the book? - Excellent, its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being readCC5. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be per

17、suadedC6. Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party.A. having not been invited B. not having invitedC. having not invited D. not having been invitedD7. The discovery of new vehicle led to_. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thiefC . the thief being caught D. the thief to be caughtC8. Tony was v

18、ery angry at _ to a higher position.A. I not promoting B. my not being promotedC. not me being promoted D. not promotedB9. You cant imagine what great trouble they have _ the problem_. A. to solve; being discussed B. solving ; being talked about C. to solve; to talk about D. solving; to discussB10.-

19、Car 17 won the race. - Yes, but its driver came close to _.A. having killed B. having been killed C. be killed D. being killedD11. _ from other continents for millions of years, Australian had many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separated B. Having separatedC

20、. Having been separated D. to be separatedC12. -A traffic jam? - Oh, no. _the right side of the road is closed for the time being.A. To be repaired B. Being repaired C. Repaired D. Having repairedB 【實戰(zhàn)演練【實戰(zhàn)演練II 】1. We congratulated him on his electing chairman. being electing chairman【解析】非謂語動詞【解析】非謂

21、語動詞elect的邏輯主的邏輯主語為語為him, 它們之間存在被動關(guān)系，它們之間存在被動關(guān)系，故用故用being elected。2. He didnt mind not to invite to the ball.being invited【解析】【解析】invite與句子主語之間為被動與句子主語之間為被動關(guān)系，有因為關(guān)系，有因為mind后跟動名詞，故使用后跟動名詞，故使用動名詞的被動形式；其否定形式是在非動名詞的被動形式；其否定形式是在非謂語動詞的最前面加謂語動詞的最前面加not。3. I can hardly imagine the work to be done within five

22、 days.being done 【解析】【解析】imagine后只能跟動名詞后只能跟動名詞, 且且do與與the work之間存在被動關(guān)系之間存在被動關(guān)系, 故用故用動名詞的被動形式。動名詞的被動形式。4. He being beaten at chess was a great surprise to us.His being beaten【解析】動名詞作主語時，其前可以加【解析】動名詞作主語時，其前可以加一個物主代詞或名詞的所有格形式來一個物主代詞或名詞的所有格形式來表示其邏輯主語，但不能使用人稱代表示其邏輯主語，但不能使用人稱代詞或普通名詞。詞或普通名詞。【實戰(zhàn)演練【實戰(zhàn)演練III】用

23、所給詞的適當形式填空?！坑盟o詞的適當形式填空。1. I appreciated _ (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.2. Our neighbor came close to _ (kill) in a traffic accident the other day. being given / having been givenbeing killed3. While shopping, we sometimes cant help _ (persuade) to buy what we dont re

24、ally need.4. It made me upset to hear the news of his _ (fire) from that good job.5. The foreign friends you referred to are looking forward to _ (show) around our newly built language lab.being shown being persuadedbeing fired / having been firedIV. 將下列句子翻譯成英語。將下列句子翻譯成英語。1. 他受不了別人那樣開他的玩笑。他受不了別人那樣開他

25、的玩笑。2. 這問題遠遠沒有解決。這問題遠遠沒有解決。 He could not bear being made fun of like that. This question is far from being settled. 3. 沒有誰請他做，是他自己做的。沒有誰請他做，是他自己做的。4. 在動手術(shù)之前你不能吃任何東西。在動手術(shù)之前你不能吃任何東西。5. 既然已做出了決定既然已做出了決定, 下個問題就是如何下個問題就是如何 制定一個好的計劃。制定一個好的計劃。 He did it without being asked. You cant eat anything before being operated on.The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.