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1 沖壓變形 沖壓變形工藝可完成多種工序 其基本工序可分為分離工序和變形工序兩 大類 分離工序是使坯料的一部分與另一部分相互分離的工藝方法 主要有落料 沖孔 切邊 剖切 修整等 其中有以沖孔 落料應(yīng)用最廣 變形工序是使坯 料的一部分相對(duì)另一部分產(chǎn)生位移而不破裂的工藝方法 主要有拉深 彎曲 局部成形 脹形 翻邊 縮徑 校形 旋壓等 從本質(zhì)上看 沖壓成形就是毛坯的變形區(qū)在外力的作用下產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的塑性 變形 所以變形區(qū)的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)和變形性質(zhì)是決定沖壓成形性質(zhì)的基本因素 因 此 根據(jù)變形區(qū)應(yīng)力狀態(tài)和變形特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行的沖壓成形分類 可以把成形性質(zhì)相 同的成形方法概括成同一個(gè)類型并進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)化的研究 絕大多數(shù)沖壓成形時(shí)毛坯變形區(qū)均處于平面應(yīng)力狀態(tài) 通常認(rèn)為在板材表面上 不受外力的作用 即使有外力作用 其數(shù)值也是較小的 所以可以認(rèn)為垂直于 板面方向的應(yīng)力為零 使板材毛坯產(chǎn)生塑性變形的是作用于板面方向上相互垂 直的兩個(gè)主應(yīng)力 由于板厚較小 通常都近似地認(rèn)為這兩個(gè)主應(yīng)力在厚度方向 上是均勻分布的 基于這樣的分析 可以把各種形式?jīng)_壓成形中的毛坯變形區(qū) 的受力狀態(tài)與變形特點(diǎn) 在平面應(yīng)力的應(yīng)力坐標(biāo)系中 沖壓應(yīng)力圖 與相應(yīng)的兩 向應(yīng)變坐標(biāo)系中 沖壓應(yīng)變圖 以應(yīng)力與 應(yīng)變坐標(biāo)決定的位置來(lái)表示 也就是說(shuō) 沖壓 應(yīng)力圖與沖壓應(yīng)變圖中的不同位置都代表著不同的受力情況與變形特點(diǎn) 1 沖壓毛坯變形區(qū)受兩向拉應(yīng)力作用時(shí) 可以分為兩種情況 即 0 t 0 和 0 t 0 再這兩種情況下 絕對(duì)值最大的應(yīng)力都是拉應(yīng)力 以下 對(duì)這兩種情況進(jìn)行分析 1 當(dāng) 0且 t 0時(shí) 安全量理論可以寫出如下應(yīng)力與應(yīng)變的關(guān)系式 1 1 m m t t m k 式中 t 分 別 是 軸對(duì)稱沖壓 成 形時(shí) 的 徑向 主 應(yīng)變 切向主 應(yīng) 變 和厚度方向上的主 應(yīng)變 t 分 別 是 軸對(duì)稱沖壓 成 形時(shí) 的 徑向 主 應(yīng) 力 切向主 應(yīng) 力和厚度 方向上的主 應(yīng) 力 m 平均 應(yīng) 力 m t 3 k 常數(shù) 在平面 應(yīng) 力 狀態(tài) 式 1 1 具有如下形式 3 2 3 2 t 3 t t k 1 2 因?yàn)?0 所以必定有 2 0 與 0 這個(gè)結(jié) 果表明 在 兩向 2 拉應(yīng) 力的平面 應(yīng) 力 狀態(tài)時(shí) 如果 絕對(duì) 值 最大 拉應(yīng) 力是 則在這個(gè)方向上的主 應(yīng)變一定是正應(yīng)變 即是伸長(zhǎng)變形 又因?yàn)?0 所以必定有 t 0 與 t2 時(shí) 0 當(dāng) 0 的變化范圍是 0 在雙向等拉力狀態(tài)時(shí) 有 式 1 2 得 0 及 t 0 且 t 0 時(shí) 有式 1 2 可知 因?yàn)?0 所以 1 定有 2 0 與 0 這個(gè)結(jié)果表明 對(duì)于兩向拉應(yīng)力的平面應(yīng)力狀 態(tài) 當(dāng) 的絕對(duì)值最大時(shí) 則在這個(gè)方向上的應(yīng)變一定時(shí)正的 即一定是 伸長(zhǎng)變形 又因?yàn)?0 所以必定有 t 0 與 t 0 當(dāng) 0 的變化范圍是 0 當(dāng) 時(shí) 0 也就是 在 雙向等拉 力 狀態(tài)下 在 兩個(gè)拉應(yīng) 力方向 上產(chǎn) 生 數(shù) 值相同的伸 長(zhǎng)變形 在受 單 向拉應(yīng) 力 狀態(tài)時(shí) 當(dāng) 0 時(shí) 2 也就是說(shuō) 在受 單向拉應(yīng) 力 狀態(tài) 下 其 變形 性 質(zhì) 與一般的 簡(jiǎn)單 拉伸是完全一 樣 的 這種變形與受力情況 處于沖壓應(yīng)變圖中的 AOC 范圍內(nèi) 見圖 1 1 而 在沖壓應(yīng)力圖中則處于 AOH 范圍內(nèi) 見圖 1 2 上述兩種沖壓情況 僅在最大應(yīng)力的方向上不同 而兩個(gè)應(yīng)力的性質(zhì)以及 它們引起的變形都是一樣的 因此 對(duì)于各向同性的均質(zhì)材料 這兩種變形是 完全相同的 1 沖壓毛坯變形區(qū)受兩向壓應(yīng)力的作用 這種變形也分兩種情況分析 即 t 0 和 0 t 0 1 當(dāng) 0 且 t 0 時(shí) 有式 1 2 可知 因 為 0 一定有 2 0 與 0 這個(gè)結(jié) 果表明 在 兩向壓應(yīng) 力的平面 應(yīng) 力 狀態(tài)時(shí) 如果 3 絕對(duì) 值最大 拉應(yīng) 力是 0 則在這個(gè)方向上的主應(yīng)變一定是負(fù)應(yīng)變 即是壓 縮變形 又因?yàn)?0 與 t 0 即在板料厚度方 向上的 應(yīng)變 是正的 板料增厚 在 方向上的變形取決于 與 的數(shù)值 當(dāng) 2 時(shí) 0 當(dāng) 2 時(shí) 0 當(dāng) 0 這時(shí) 的變化范圍是 與 0 之間 當(dāng) 時(shí) 是雙向等 壓 力狀態(tài) 時(shí) 故有 0 當(dāng) 0 時(shí) 是受 單 向 壓應(yīng) 力 狀態(tài) 所以 2 這種變形情況處于沖壓應(yīng)變圖中的 EOG 范圍內(nèi) 見圖 1 1 而在沖壓應(yīng)力圖 中則處于 COD 范圍內(nèi) 見圖 1 2 2 當(dāng) 0 且 t 0 時(shí) 有式 1 2 可知 因?yàn)?0 所以 一定有 2 0 與 0 這個(gè)結(jié)果表明 對(duì)于兩向 壓 應(yīng)力的平面應(yīng)力狀 態(tài) 如果絕對(duì)值最大是 則在這個(gè)方向上的應(yīng)變一定時(shí)負(fù)的 即一定是壓 縮變形 又因?yàn)?0 與 t 0 即在板料厚度方 向上的 應(yīng)變 是正的 即 為壓縮變形 板厚增大 在 方向上的變形取決于 與 的數(shù)值 當(dāng) 2 時(shí) 0 當(dāng) 2 0 當(dāng) 0 這時(shí) 的數(shù)值只能在 0 之間變化 當(dāng) 時(shí) 是 雙向 等壓力狀態(tài) 所以 0 這種變形與受力情況 處于沖壓應(yīng)變圖中的 GOL 范圍內(nèi) 見圖 1 1 而在沖壓應(yīng)力圖中則處于 DOE 范圍內(nèi) 見圖 1 2 1 沖壓毛坯變形區(qū)受兩個(gè)異號(hào)應(yīng)力的作用 而且拉應(yīng)力的絕對(duì)值大于壓應(yīng) 力的絕對(duì) 值 這種變形共有兩種情況 分別作如下分析 1 當(dāng) 0 時(shí) 由式 1 2 可知 因 為 0 所以一定 有 2 0 及 0 這個(gè)結(jié) 果表明 在異 號(hào) 的 平面 應(yīng) 力 狀態(tài)時(shí) 如果 絕對(duì) 值最大 應(yīng) 力是 拉應(yīng) 力 則在這個(gè)絕對(duì)值最大的拉應(yīng) 力方向上應(yīng)變一定是正應(yīng)變 即是伸長(zhǎng)變形 又因?yàn)?0 所以必定有 0 0 0 時(shí) 由式 1 2 可知 用與前 項(xiàng)相同的方法分析可得 0 即在異 號(hào)應(yīng) 力作用的平面 應(yīng) 力 狀態(tài)下 如果 絕 對(duì) 值最大 應(yīng) 力是 拉應(yīng) 力 則在這個(gè)方向上的應(yīng)變是正的 是伸長(zhǎng)變形 而在 壓應(yīng)力 方向上的應(yīng)變是負(fù)的 0 0 0 時(shí) 由式 1 2 可知 因 為 0 所以一定有 2 0 及 0 0 必定有 2 0 即在 拉應(yīng) 力方向上 的 應(yīng)變 是正的 是伸長(zhǎng)變形 這時(shí) 的變化范圍只能在 與 0 的范圍內(nèi) 當(dāng) 時(shí) 0 0 0 時(shí) 由式 1 2 可知 用與前 項(xiàng)相同的方法分析可得 0 0 0 0 AON GOH 伸長(zhǎng)類 AOC AOH 伸長(zhǎng)類 雙向受壓 0 0 EOG COD 壓縮類 0 MON FOG 伸長(zhǎng) 類 LOM EOF 壓縮類 異號(hào)應(yīng)力 0 COD AOB 伸長(zhǎng)類 DOE BOC 壓縮類 7 變形區(qū)質(zhì)量問(wèn)題的表 現(xiàn)形式 變形程度過(guò)大引起變形區(qū) 產(chǎn)生破裂現(xiàn)象 壓力作用下失穩(wěn)起皺 成形極限 1 主要取決于板材的塑 性 與厚度無(wú)關(guān) 2 可用伸長(zhǎng)率及成形極 限 DLF 判斷 1 主要取決于傳力區(qū)的 承載能力 2 取決于抗失穩(wěn)能力 3 與板厚有關(guān) 變形區(qū)板厚的變化 減薄 增厚 提高成形極限的方法 1 改善板材塑性 2 使變形均勻化 降低局 部變形程度 3 工序間熱處理 1 采用多道工序成形 2 改變傳力區(qū)與變形區(qū) 的力學(xué)關(guān)系 3 采用防起皺措施 伸 長(zhǎng) 類 成 形 脹 形 拉 深 翻 邊 壓 縮 類 成 形 壓 縮 類 成 形 擴(kuò) 口 拉 深 脹 形 伸 長(zhǎng) 類 成 形 縮 口 縮 口 擴(kuò)口 4 4 翻 邊 圖 1 3 沖壓應(yīng)變圖 8 沖壓成形 極限 變形區(qū)的 成形極限 傳動(dòng)區(qū)的 成形極限 伸長(zhǎng)類 變 形 壓縮類 變 形 強(qiáng) 度 抗拉與抗壓 縮失衡能力 塑 性 抗縮頸 能 力 變形均 化與擴(kuò) 展能力 塑 性 抗起皺 能 力 變形力及 其 變 化 各向異性 值 硬化性能 變形抗力 化學(xué)成分 組 織 變形條件 硬化性能 應(yīng)力狀態(tài) 應(yīng)變梯度 硬化性能 模具狀態(tài) 力學(xué)性能 值與 值 相對(duì)厚度 化學(xué)成分 組 織 變形條件 圖 1 3 體系化研究方法舉例 9 Categories of stamping forming Many deformation processes can be done by stamping the basic processes of the stamping can be divided into two kinds cutting and forming Cutting is a shearing process that one part of the blank is cut form the other It mainly includes blanking punching trimming parting and shaving where punching and blanking are the most widely used Forming is a process that one part of the blank has some displacement form the other It mainly includes deep drawing bending local forming bulging flanging necking sizing and spinning In substance stamping forming is such that the plastic deformation occurs in the deformation zone of the stamping blank caused by the external force The stress state and deformation characteristic of the deformation zone are the basic factors to decide the properties of the stamping forming Based on the stress state and deformation characteristics of the deformation zone the forming methods can be divided into several categories with the same forming properties and to be studied systematically The deformation zone in almost all types of stamping forming is in the plane stress state Usually there is no force or only small force applied on the blank surface When it is assumed that the stress perpendicular to the blank surface equal to zero two principal stresses perpendicular to each other and act on the blank surface produce the plastic deformation of the material Due to the small thickness of the blank it is assumed approximately that the two principal stresses distribute uniformly along the thickness direction Based on this analysis the stress state and 10 the deformation characteristics of the deformation zone in all kind of stamping forming can be denoted by the point in the coordinates of the plane princ ipal stress diagram of the stamping stress and the coordinates of the corresponding plane principal stains diagram of the stamping strain The different points in the figures of the stamping stress and strain possess different stress state and deformation characteristics 1 When the deformation zone of the stamping blank is subjected toplanetensile stresses it can be divided into two cases that is 0 t 0and 0 t 0 In both cases the stress with the maximum absolute value is always a tensile stress These two cases are analyzed respectively as follows 2 In the case that 0and t 0 according to the integral theory the relationships between stresses and strains are m m t t m k 1 1 where t are the principal strains of the radial tangential and thickness directions of the axial symmetrical stamping forming and tare the principal stresses of the radial tangential and thickness directions of the axial symmetrical stamping forming m is the average stress m t 3 k is a constant In plane stress state Equation 1 1 3 2 3 2 t 3 t t k 1 2 Since 0 so 2 0 and 0 It indicates that in plane stress state with two axial tensile stresses if the tensile stress with the maximum absolute value is the principal strain in this direction must be positive that is the deformation belongs 11 to tensile forming In addition because 0 therefore t 0 and t2 0 and when 0 The range of is 0 In the equibiaxial tensile stress state according to Equation 1 2 0 and t 0 and t 0 according to Equation 1 2 2 0 and 0 This result shows that for the plane stress state with two tensile stresses when the absoluste value of is the strain in this direction must be positive that is it must be in the state of tensile forming Also because 0 therefore t 0 and t 0 and when 0 12 The range of is 0 When 0 that is in equibiaxial tensile stress state the tensile deformation with the same values occurs in the two tensile stress directions when 0 2 that is in uniaxial tensile stress state the deformation characteristic in this case is the same as that of the ordinary uniaxial tensile This kind of deformation is in the region AON of the diagram of the stamping strain see Fig 1 1 and in the region GOH of the diagram of the stamping stress see Fig 1 2 Between above two cases of stamping deformation the properties of and and the deformation caused by them are the same only the direction of the maximum stress is different These two deformations are same for isotropic homogeneous material 1 When the deformation zone of stamping blank is subjected to two compressive stresses and t 0 it can also be divided into two cases which are 0 t 0 and 0 t 0 1 When 0 and t 0 according to Equation 1 2 2 0 與 0 This result shows that in the plane stress state with two compressive stresses if the stress with the maximum absolute value is 0 the strain in this direction must be negative that is in the state of compressive forming Also because 0 and t 0 The strain in the thickness direction of the blank t is positive and the thickness increases The deformation condition in the tangential direction depends on the values 13 of and When 2 0 when 2 0 and when 0 The range of is 0 When it is in equibiaxial tensile stress state hence 0 when 0 it is in uniaxial tensile stress state hence 2 This kind of deformation condition is in the region EOG of the diagram of the stamping strain see Fig 1 1 and in the region COD of the diagram of the stamping stress see Fig 1 2 2 When 0and t 0 according to Equation 1 2 2 0 and 0 This result shows that in the plane stress state with two compressive stresses if the stress with the maximum absolute value is the strain in this direction must be negative that is in the state of compressive forming Also because 0 and t 0 The strain in the thickness direction of the blank t is positive and the thickness increases The deformation condition in the radial direction depends on the values of and When 2 0 when 2 0 and when 0 The range of is 0 When it is in equibiaxial tensile stress state hence 0 This kind of deformation is in the region GOL of the diagram of the stamping strain see Fig 1 1 and in the region DOE of the diagram of the stamping stress see Fig 1 2 3 The deformation zone of the stamping blank is subjected to two stresses with opposite signs and the absolute value of the tensile stress is larger than that of the compressive stress There exist two cases to be analyzed as follow 14 1 When 0 according to Equation 1 2 2 0 and 0 This result shows that in the plane stress state with opposite signs if the stress with the maximum absolute value is tensile the strain in the maximum stress direction is positive that is in the state of tensile forming Also because 0 therefore When then 0 0 0 according to Equation 1 2 by means of the same analysis mentioned above 0 that is the deformation zone is in the plane stress state with opposite signs If the stress with the maximum absolute value is tensile stress the strain in this direction is positive that is in the state of tensile forming The strain in the radial direction is negative When then 0 0 0 according to Equation 1 2 2 0 and 0 and 0 therefore 2 0 The strain in the tensile stress direction is positive or in the state of tensile forming The range of is 0 When then 0 0 0 according to Equation 1 2 and by means of the same analysis mentioned above When then 0 0 0 0 AON GOH Tensile AOC AOH Tensile Biaxial compressive stress state 0 0 EOG COD Compress ive 0 MON FOG Tensile LOM EOF Compress ive State of stress with opposite signs 0 COD AOB Tensile DOE BOC Compress ive 20 Table 1 2 Comparison between tensile and compressive forming Item Tensile forming Compressive forming Representation of the quality problem in the deformation zone Fracture in the deformation zone due to excessive deformation Instability wrinkle caused by compressive stress Forming limit 3 Mainly depends on the plasticity of the material and is irrelevant to the thickness 4 Can be estimated by extensibility or the forming limit DLF 4 Mainly depends on the loading capability in the force transferring zone 5 Depends on the anti instability capability 6 Has certain relationship to the blank thickness Variation of the blank thickness in the deformation zone Thinning Thickening Methods to improve forming limit 4 Improve the plasticity of the material 5 Decrease local 4 Adopt multi pass forming process 5 Change the mechanics 21 deformation and increase deformation uniformity 6 Adopt an intermediate heat treatment process relationship between the force transferring and deformation zones 6 Adopt anti wrinkle measures Fig 1 1 Diagram of stamping strain tensile forming bulging deep drawing flanging compressive forming compressive forming expanding deep drawing bulging tensile forming necking necking expanding 4 4 flanging Fig 1 2 Diagram of stamping stress 22 Ten sile for ming Com pres sion for ming St re ngth Cap abil ity of an ti w rinkle und er t he t ensi le and com pres sive st re sses Plasticity Cap abil ity of an ti n ecking Def orma tion uniformit y an d ex te nsion ca pa bility Pl as ticity Cap abil ity of an ti w rinkle Def orma tion for ce a nd i ts Ani sotr opy valu e of r Har deni ng c hara cter isti cs Deformation r es is ta nc e Che mist ry c ompo nent Str uctu re Deformation c on di ti on s Har deni ng c hara cter isti cs Sta te o f st ress Gradient of s tr ai n Har deni ng c hara cter isti cs Die sha pe Mechanical pr oe rt y The value of t he n a nd r Relative th ic kn es s Che mist ry c ompo nent Str uctu re Deformation c on di ti on s Fig 1 3 Examples for systematic research methods 1 智能沖壓工藝規(guī)劃系統(tǒng)的研究 摘要 本文對(duì)建立一個(gè)智能沖壓工藝設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的系統(tǒng)給出了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的介紹 研究該系統(tǒng)的框架 對(duì)模型和知識(shí)推理模式進(jìn)行了介紹 對(duì)有些關(guān)鍵技術(shù)如沖壓工藝 的可行性 排樣的最佳算法 智能地帶的布局和內(nèi)力計(jì)算進(jìn)行了研究 該系統(tǒng)可以改 善工藝規(guī)劃效率 關(guān)鍵詞 排樣 KBS 知識(shí)模型 帶狀排樣法 1 簡(jiǎn)介 沖壓工藝規(guī)劃是沖壓產(chǎn)品開發(fā)的一個(gè)核心項(xiàng)目 它是金屬成型應(yīng)用的一個(gè)重要組 成部分 它與生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量 成本 生產(chǎn)率和工具壽命有直接的影響 現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)的快速 發(fā)展對(duì)沖壓提出了更高的要求 尤其是在沖壓工藝方面 多年來(lái) 相關(guān)研究已就如何 在創(chuàng)新的環(huán)境加強(qiáng)工藝規(guī)劃的集成化和智能化程度進(jìn)行研究 近年來(lái) 通過(guò)生產(chǎn)金屬 成形智能設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng) 自動(dòng)化技術(shù) 整和了工藝規(guī)劃的原則 智能工藝規(guī)劃方法可以有 效地提高設(shè)計(jì)效率與質(zhì)量 創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)能力 1 對(duì)于冷鍛序列的設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)了一種基于 PC 的專家系統(tǒng) 該系統(tǒng)采用基于塑性理 論和實(shí)際考慮的規(guī)則 在美國(guó)俄亥俄州立大學(xué)一個(gè)稱作 FORMEX 的規(guī)則系統(tǒng)被 Altan 和他的同事們寫入多級(jí)冷鍛的工藝規(guī)劃程序語(yǔ)言中 2 它依靠冷鍛零件各種形狀的廣 泛分類 3 實(shí)施以知識(shí)為本的冷成形序列設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng) 采用設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)則確定建立一個(gè)可行 的序列 然后使用有限元分析優(yōu)化這個(gè)序列 一個(gè)以知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的模具設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)化系 統(tǒng)被 Cheok 和他的同事精心設(shè)計(jì)出來(lái) 4 在新加坡國(guó)立大學(xué) 一些零件表象技術(shù) 沖壓零件識(shí)別和模具構(gòu)成也存在于這項(xiàng)工作中 在中國(guó) 華中科技大學(xué)的科學(xué)技術(shù)研 究者們也開發(fā)出了基于知識(shí)系統(tǒng)的用于對(duì)小型金屬件沖壓級(jí)進(jìn)模的程序包 5 使用特 點(diǎn) 用戶可以在 3D 立體構(gòu)架下設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品 在手工設(shè)置排樣后 用戶可以使用交互命令 來(lái)開發(fā)帶裝布局設(shè)計(jì) 來(lái)自利物浦大學(xué)工業(yè)研究部門的研究者們也在研究沖壓工藝和 沖裁模的專用系統(tǒng) 6 他們的研究集中在分解較小的橋型廢料的形狀編碼和識(shí)別技術(shù) 7 在上海沖壓模具和工具技術(shù)研究所的研究者們也開發(fā)出了級(jí)進(jìn)模的 CAD CAM 系統(tǒng) 他們研究的該系統(tǒng)依靠特殊的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)描繪工件和模具結(jié)構(gòu) 上述研究的研究工作的目的是為了促進(jìn)金屬成形的發(fā)展 從金屬智能成型的回顧 和分析中 使用智能設(shè)計(jì)的理論和方法來(lái)研究沖壓工藝規(guī)劃的步驟 在本文中介紹了 應(yīng)用于沖壓工藝規(guī)劃的智能的系統(tǒng) 該智能系統(tǒng)在處理一些復(fù)雜的設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題時(shí)是種強(qiáng) 有力的工具 由專門知識(shí)構(gòu)成的智能系統(tǒng)可以用一種交互的方式協(xié)助用戶解決各種各 樣的問(wèn)題或疑問(wèn) 8 智能系統(tǒng)是一種計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng) 它試圖代表人類知識(shí)和專業(yè)知識(shí) 以一種實(shí)際和有效的途徑提供快捷 方便的知識(shí) 智能系統(tǒng)能夠完成一般需要專家才 能完成的任務(wù) 它能自動(dòng)化實(shí)時(shí)利用現(xiàn)有的專業(yè)知識(shí) 并解釋它的推理過(guò)程 沖壓工藝 2 規(guī)劃是一個(gè)含有豐富知識(shí)的復(fù)雜設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程 整合在沖壓工藝規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)中智能系統(tǒng)的關(guān) 鍵技術(shù)是至關(guān)重要的 使用智能理論的沖壓工藝規(guī)劃智能系統(tǒng)被提出來(lái) 對(duì)一些關(guān)鍵 技術(shù) 如集成產(chǎn)品知識(shí)建模和戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的綜合沖壓成形過(guò)程進(jìn)行了研究 在沖壓設(shè)計(jì)中 包括各種各樣的知識(shí) 如專業(yè)領(lǐng)域知識(shí) 多任務(wù)知識(shí) 非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)知識(shí) 每一種知識(shí)都需 要集成到該系統(tǒng)中 沖壓模具的核心是沖壓工藝 必須考慮到多種因素 如幾何形狀 技術(shù)要求 材料性能 沖壓件的可行性 工作程序安排 模具工具的結(jié)構(gòu) 沖壓工藝 規(guī)劃是一種基于專家知識(shí)的創(chuàng)造性程序 智能系統(tǒng)技術(shù)可以改善制定沖壓工藝規(guī)劃的 效率 2 系統(tǒng)構(gòu)架和框架 智能系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)是建立和應(yīng)用的信息化模型制作 該產(chǎn)品信息模型 包括三個(gè) 階段 一種基于幾何的模型 一種基于特征的模型 一種基于智能的模型 基于幾何 的模型描述零件的幾何拓?fù)湫畔?由于零件的數(shù)據(jù)信息不能被完整的描述 數(shù)據(jù)分離 水平太低 幾何模型被特征模型取代 這個(gè)信息模型包括一組幾何實(shí)體 依靠此模型 的工程語(yǔ)義模型 許多與設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的功能可以被實(shí)現(xiàn) 隨著人工智能的發(fā)展 智能模 型開始被應(yīng)用 專業(yè)知識(shí) 設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程的知識(shí) 和相關(guān)的知識(shí)都包含在知識(shí)模型中 9 10 智能模型支持表達(dá)和傳遞有用的信息 本文主要概括了一種沖壓工藝規(guī)劃的智能系統(tǒng) 該智能系統(tǒng)對(duì)產(chǎn)品的定義有效且 完整 它幾何了不同模型的優(yōu)點(diǎn)且能滿足幾何設(shè)計(jì)和推理過(guò)程 面向?qū)ο蠹夹g(shù)應(yīng)用到 整合各種各樣的知識(shí) 此集成的知識(shí)系統(tǒng)模型可被共享和用于智能設(shè)計(jì)和產(chǎn)品信息溝 通 這個(gè)關(guān)于沖壓模具工藝規(guī)劃的智能系統(tǒng)構(gòu)架已經(jīng)被設(shè)計(jì)出來(lái) 這個(gè)零件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè) 計(jì) 包括一個(gè)圖形用戶界面 一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序系統(tǒng) 設(shè)計(jì)資源 知識(shí)工具 混合推理機(jī)制 基礎(chǔ)模型 在這個(gè)構(gòu)架中知識(shí)模型有不同的分類 知識(shí)模型從設(shè)計(jì)資源中獲取有用的 信息 支持知識(shí)獲取和知識(shí)表達(dá)的程序 這個(gè)模型把有用信息轉(zhuǎn)移到知識(shí)庫(kù) 知識(shí)庫(kù) 由 CAD 軟件支持 設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果以 3D 模型 圖畫和資料庫(kù)的形式保存在知識(shí)庫(kù)中 它對(duì) 在知識(shí)庫(kù)中不同零件的知識(shí)傳遞來(lái)說(shuō)非常的重要 3 實(shí)施方法和應(yīng)用 3 1 沖壓智能模型的可行性論證 智能系統(tǒng)對(duì)沖壓工件的質(zhì)量 成本 模具壽命進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià) 該評(píng)價(jià)基于成熟的智能 模型 此模型集成了規(guī)則庫(kù) 零件信息和結(jié)論庫(kù) 系數(shù)根據(jù)知識(shí)規(guī)則推理在知識(shí)庫(kù)得 出 沖壓成型可行性可以從信息庫(kù)中零件信息和相關(guān)系數(shù)推出 在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中被新結(jié) 論擴(kuò)大的結(jié)果保存在結(jié)論庫(kù)中 3 模型的智能推理過(guò)程和零件的規(guī)格相比有一定限度范圍的工藝參數(shù) 此規(guī)格 包括輸入輸出半徑 孔徑 孔板 孔網(wǎng) 槽 槽網(wǎng) 結(jié)果來(lái)證實(shí)零件的形狀是否符合 模具工具加工 智能推理用于自動(dòng)和交互的方式 這樣做的目的是來(lái)研究沖壓該產(chǎn)品 的可行性 智能推理的關(guān)鍵是確定基于零件厚度和相關(guān)系數(shù)的加工極限值 圖二所示 為產(chǎn)品可行性論證模型的流程圖 知識(shí)規(guī)則和設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果保存在機(jī)械推理的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中 零件的形狀可以在知識(shí)模型中 修改 由知識(shí)模型決定的沖壓工藝規(guī)劃是非常重要的一步 它同時(shí)也提供了選擇一個(gè)單 步工序刀具或是復(fù)合工具或是一個(gè)改進(jìn)工具的方法 各種不同領(lǐng)域的知識(shí) 經(jīng)驗(yàn)和專 業(yè)知識(shí)都被保存在工藝規(guī)劃專業(yè)系統(tǒng)中 知識(shí)庫(kù)的發(fā)展是基于規(guī)則表達(dá)的共同原則 這一步的目的是集成專業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和零件 的形狀 3 2 基于優(yōu)化算法的智能排樣模型 為了達(dá)到較高的材料利用率 空白的知識(shí)模型被建立 保存在知識(shí)庫(kù)中的結(jié)果是 其他模塊建立的基礎(chǔ) 在知識(shí)庫(kù)中有四種排樣類型 一排列布局模式 與一排列相對(duì)的模式 兩排列布局模式 與兩排列布局相對(duì)的模式 建立這個(gè)知識(shí)模型的目的是改善材料的利用 由知識(shí)庫(kù)提供的限制情況可以由人 類專家來(lái)選擇 這個(gè)知識(shí)模型控制著整個(gè)排樣的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程 圖三所示為平面布局的等級(jí)體系結(jié)構(gòu) 第一種模式的作用是選擇粗略數(shù)值和計(jì)算工作區(qū)域的總體輪廓 此模式提供了原 始參數(shù) 粗略數(shù)值的全部信息都由此得到 不管這個(gè)數(shù)字是否被概略畫出或是被選中 第二種模式用來(lái)確定布局類型 角度范圍 布局大小和條帶區(qū)的寬度 第三種模式中應(yīng)用了優(yōu)化算法 設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果包括材料利用率 材料寬度和每步間隙 都被保存在此模式中 不同布局的繪圖也同時(shí)生成 在第四種模式中可以修改布局規(guī)劃的結(jié)果 最終參數(shù)包括每步間隙 材料寬度 各類網(wǎng)格和轉(zhuǎn)換能力 當(dāng)參數(shù)有所改變時(shí) 布局規(guī)劃圖可以被更新 該知識(shí)的主要作用是布局規(guī)劃的算法優(yōu)化 該算法共有六步 1 在圖形周圍最適合的矩形第一次生成 復(fù)制件和原件之間的距離是包含在接洽 4 網(wǎng)中的 圖四說(shuō)明了此種算法 2 在兩個(gè)環(huán)形中間的值是經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算的 這兩個(gè)環(huán)形分解成線和圓弧的單元 每對(duì) 元素中間的距離需要重新補(bǔ)償 然后就可以找到最短的距離 3 計(jì)算出的最小值和所要求的值之間的差異就是誤差 當(dāng)誤差小于允許值時(shí) 排 樣規(guī)劃就可以完成 另外 布局圖形需要沿著視野的方向移動(dòng) 4 材料利用率可以以布局規(guī)劃的角度上被計(jì)算出來(lái) 5 排樣圖形旋轉(zhuǎn)一定的角度 旋轉(zhuǎn)中心是矩形中心點(diǎn)附近的粗略數(shù)值 材料利用 率在當(dāng)前角度下被計(jì)算出來(lái) 6 排樣圖形旋轉(zhuǎn)到另外一個(gè)角度 重復(fù)第三部的的步驟 直到角度達(dá)到 180 度 3 3 帶狀布局的開發(fā) 帶狀布局的工序規(guī)則被集成于知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)級(jí)進(jìn)刀具設(shè)計(jì) 該智能模型的功能是 選 擇零件位置 設(shè)計(jì)方位和安排帶狀工步距離 為了解決運(yùn)行程序 該規(guī)則應(yīng)該被制定 的合理和有效 自動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)模塊是智能模型中最重要的模塊 人工智能技術(shù)被應(yīng)用于此模塊中 此 模型中的預(yù)處理模塊 包括定位產(chǎn)品模塊和從產(chǎn)品模塊中提取精確的信息 為了在修 改模塊中生成一個(gè)模型 最初的設(shè)計(jì)工程被修改 11 被修改的模塊代替了處理模塊 3 3 1 自動(dòng)帶狀布局設(shè)計(jì)的預(yù)處理 1 確定零件的位置和排列 用戶可以用界面來(lái)確定預(yù)處理模塊中的一些參數(shù) 確定位 置的過(guò)程可以和其他元素一起來(lái)做 例如 零件形狀 尺寸精度 和用戶要求 零件的形狀也在智能模型中定義 結(jié)果被保存在知識(shí)庫(kù)中 2 獲取零件精確信息 此精確信息應(yīng)該在帶狀布局知識(shí)庫(kù)中得到 有用的信息包括沖 孔的精確信息和相對(duì)位置信息 由此種類型信息組成的知識(shí)模型將會(huì)決定零件的沖壓 順序 這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程的主要要求是為位置精度開發(fā)一種知識(shí)模型 12 首先 零件的形 狀被分成封閉的輪廓 輪廓的數(shù)目為 n K k1 k2 ki kn 1 這里 ki 表示零件的第 i 個(gè)輪廓 所有輪廓間的相對(duì)關(guān)系包含在關(guān)系 P 中 如果 在輪廓 ki 和 kj 之間要求精準(zhǔn) 這里存在 ki kj p p ki kj ki kj K 1 i j n i j 2 每種類型的精確信息通過(guò)相關(guān)矩陣被保存在知識(shí)模型中 3 3 2 帶狀布局自動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) 帶狀布局的自動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)模塊在知識(shí)模型中是最重要的一個(gè) 在知識(shí)模型中包含很多 重要的規(guī)則 例如在一次單沖程中沖壓所有內(nèi)輪廓比較好 在下一個(gè)階段這個(gè)部分被 切斷 有時(shí)候 如果沖壓點(diǎn)之間的距離非常小 一些內(nèi)輪廓就要被搬到下一階段進(jìn)行 加工 如果沖壓點(diǎn)離分餾點(diǎn)太近的話 分餾點(diǎn)就需要被更改到下一階段 如果這里仍 5 然有不合適的尺寸 一些點(diǎn)可以被移動(dòng)到下一階段 重復(fù)整個(gè)過(guò)程直到矩陣點(diǎn)間的每 個(gè)尺寸都可以被接受 布局智能設(shè)計(jì)的核心是開發(fā)干涉點(diǎn)的智能模型 13 零件坯料被分成許多點(diǎn)的形式 這些點(diǎn)的名字是 k1 k2 kn 這里 dij 是 ki 和 kj 之間最小的距離 矩陣的臨界值是 S 如果 dij S ki 和 kj 不能在相同的步驟中得出 這種情況是智能模型中兩個(gè)點(diǎn)的沖突 開發(fā)干涉點(diǎn)的智能 模型的目的是確定沖突點(diǎn)的存在 此矩陣是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)矩陣 為了使設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程更方便 可以把矩陣中的上半部分元素置零 此處 ij 是關(guān)聯(lián)系數(shù) 它表示了每對(duì)點(diǎn)之間的不同關(guān)系 如果兩個(gè)點(diǎn)之間有沖 突 它們中的一個(gè)則要被移到下一步 在每一步中重復(fù)上述步驟直到?jīng)_突點(diǎn)消失 最 后矩陣 M 成為空矩陣 3 3 3 對(duì)帶狀布局結(jié)果的處理 帶狀布局的子處理知識(shí)模型中有兩部分 修改結(jié)果和創(chuàng)建布局圖形 從帶狀布局 自動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)模型中得出的結(jié)果是慣用的 它們可能滿足不了用戶的所有要求 依靠知識(shí) 模型的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu) 通過(guò)移動(dòng)點(diǎn)和改變步驟 增加空步和刪除空步的目的可以被實(shí)現(xiàn) 我們能夠通過(guò)處理步驟的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果來(lái)修改帶狀布局的設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果 工步改變可以通過(guò)交 換兩個(gè)位置的編碼來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn) 工步增加或減少可以通過(guò)插入或移除編碼的操作來(lái)完成 當(dāng)我們想移動(dòng)一些點(diǎn)時(shí) 我們可以從第一步到最后一步轉(zhuǎn)移鏈表中相當(dāng)?shù)狞c(diǎn) 3 4 確定沖壓中心和力計(jì)算的智能模型 沖壓中心設(shè)計(jì)模型的目的是建立組合力的工作點(diǎn) 11 模具工具中心和沖壓中心 的一致非常重要 只有那樣沖壓工具才能在一起正常的工作 沖壓中心從知識(shí)模型的 每一個(gè)輪廓位置的計(jì)算中得出 設(shè)計(jì)的第一部是得到工具的工作區(qū)域 CAD 平臺(tái)上的零 件圖形的輪廓提供了零件的外矩形 依靠沖壓中心和外矩形之間的關(guān)系可以生成工作 區(qū)域 因?yàn)椴黄胶饬Φ慕Y(jié)果的可能性 同時(shí)也提供了沖壓中心的再生成 再生成的步 驟由人機(jī)接口軟件來(lái)完成 圖八所示為復(fù)合模打孔機(jī)工 作區(qū)域的設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果 保存在知識(shí)庫(kù)中的內(nèi)容包括模具工具的每種類型 零件落料 廢料移除等等 不 同情況下的力計(jì)算的方法是不同的 力方程是由知識(shí)規(guī)則庫(kù)的推理得到的 首先 加 工力和切削力是基于零件的輪廓長(zhǎng)度和知識(shí)庫(kù)中的知識(shí)規(guī)則得到的 然后 通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì) 結(jié)果和合零件情況 可以得到脫離力 阻力和推件力 總的力按照知識(shí)庫(kù)中的導(dǎo)向一 步一步計(jì)算 4 結(jié)論和進(jìn)一步工作 計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)工具的應(yīng)用在金屬成型中的應(yīng)用 節(jié)省了大量的時(shí)間和金錢 由 于復(fù)雜零件沖壓工藝設(shè)計(jì)的復(fù)雜性 開發(fā)一種自動(dòng)生成工藝步驟的系統(tǒng)非常重要 這 個(gè)研究開發(fā)了一個(gè)集成的 CAD 系統(tǒng) 該系統(tǒng)開發(fā)了一種工藝規(guī)劃系統(tǒng)使對(duì)不規(guī)則零件 6 在高速下進(jìn)精密加工得以實(shí)現(xiàn) 該系統(tǒng)有一下特點(diǎn) 1 在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中不斷改變的數(shù)據(jù)以不同的方式保存 包括數(shù)字形式和圖片形式的 用 戶在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中可以自由使用它們作為參考 2 加工可行性檢查模型檢查沖壓的可行性 同時(shí)能對(duì)復(fù)雜零件的沖壓工藝規(guī)劃提供一 些建議 3 排樣模塊生成最佳排樣圖以到達(dá)材料的最大利用率 產(chǎn)品成本的減少取決于排樣最 優(yōu)化計(jì)算 不僅最佳規(guī)劃而且每個(gè)合理的規(guī)劃被保存在知識(shí)庫(kù)中 用戶可以選擇任 意一個(gè)作為它們的最終設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果 4 帶狀排樣模塊生成自動(dòng)工藝規(guī)劃圖 根據(jù)用戶的要求帶狀排樣的結(jié)果可以在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò) 程的任意時(shí)期修改 在工藝規(guī)劃中協(xié)助設(shè)計(jì)者的此系統(tǒng)將會(huì)是一種有用的工具 它將會(huì)足夠的靈活允許 設(shè)計(jì)者具有創(chuàng)造性 同時(shí)用計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)執(zhí)行幾何計(jì)算和自動(dòng)得到設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果 它提供了 一個(gè)非常靈活的設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)境 用戶可以完全掌握即使是復(fù)雜零件的沖壓工藝規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì) 該系統(tǒng)擁有圖形交互界面 用戶可以在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中交互式地改變各種設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù) 進(jìn)一步的工作將會(huì)集中在排樣優(yōu)化的效率改善上 優(yōu)化用時(shí)將會(huì)減少 為排樣規(guī) 劃 更多的設(shè)計(jì)方案的類型應(yīng)該被添加到知識(shí)模型中 根據(jù)沖壓工藝規(guī)劃的結(jié)果 沖 壓模具設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用也將會(huì)在進(jìn)一步的工作中被研究 7 Intelligent stamping process planning system research Abstract this paper to build a intelligent stamping process design knowledge based system gives a brief introduction Study the system framework of model and knowledge reasoning model are introduced For some key technologies such as the feasibility of stamping process and exhaust kind of best algorithm intelligent zone layout and internal force calculation is studied This system can improve process planning efficiency Keywords arrangement a KBS knowledge model ribbon arrangement method introduction Stamping process planning is one of the core punching product development project It is the metal molding application an important component part of it and the production quality cost productivity and tool life have direct influence The rapid development of modern manufacturing for stamping put forward higher request especially in stamping process For many years the related research has the environment in innovation to strengthen the integration and process planning study intelligentize degree In recent years through the production of metal forming intelligent design system automation technology the whole and the process planning principles Intelligent process planning method can effectively improve the design efficiency and quality innovative design ability 1 For cold forging sequence of designing and developing a kind of expert system based on PC this system based on practical considerations plasticity theory and the rules At the Ohio state university a called FORMEX rules system is Altan and his colleagues write multistage cold forging process planning and programming language 2 It depends on a cold forging parts of various shapes widely classification 3 implement knowledge based cold forming sequence design system adopting the design rule sure to establish a feasible sequence then using finite element analysis optimization this sequence A knowledge based mold design automation system is Cheok and his colleagues carefully designed 4 in the national university of Singapore Some parts representation techniques stamping parts recognition and mould constitute also exists in this work In China huazhong university of science and technology researchers also developed based on knowledge system for small metal parts stamping progressive die program packages 5 Use features users can under 3D architecture design products In manually set arrangement user can use interactive command to development zones outfit layout design From Liverpool university industrial research department s researchers are also studying stamping process and punch die special system 6 The focus of their study in decomposed smaller bridge waste shape coding and recognition technology 7 in Shanghai stamping mould and tools institute of technology researchers also 8 developed progressive die CAD CAM system They study the system depend on special relevant data to describe the workpiece and mould structure The findings of the research work purpose is to promote the development of metal forming process From metal intelligence review and analysis of the forming of intelligent design use the theory and method to study the stamping process planning steps In this paper introduces applied in stamping process planning of intelligent system This intelligent system in dealing with some complex design problem is a powerful tool By special knowledge construction intelligent systems can use an interactive way help user to solve all kinds of problems or questions 8 Intelligent system is a computer system it tried to represent human knowledge and professional knowledge and to a practical and effective way to provide fast convenient and knowledge Intelligent system can accomplish generally require experts to complete tasks It can automatic real time use existing professional knowledge and explain its reasoning process Stamping process planning is a rich knowledge of the complex design process Integration in the stamping process planning and design of the key techniques of intelligent system is of vital importance The use of intelligence theory stamping process planning intelligent systems have been proffered Some key technologies such as integrated product knowledge modeling and strategic planning comprehensive stamping process was studied In stamping design including all kinds of knowledge such as domain knowledge multitasking knowledge non standard knowledge Each kind of knowledge all need to be integrated into the system Stamping mould that is the core of stamping process Must consider the various factors such as geometry technical requirements material properties and stamping feasibility working procedures arrangement the structure of mould tool Stamping process planning is a kind of creative program based on experts knowledge Intelligent system technology can improve the efficiency of the stamping process planning 2 system frame and the frame Intelligent system key technology is built and application of information model making This product information model including three stages a kind of the model based on geometric model based on features based on intelligence the model Based on geometric model describing the geometric topology information parts Because parts of data message cannot be fully described data separation level is too low geometric model was characteristic model replaced This information model includes a set of geometric entities Rely on this model the engineering semantic model with design of related functions many can be realized Along with the development of artificial intelligence the intelligent model begins to be used Professional knowledge design process of knowledge and relevant knowledge are included 9 in the knowledge model 9 10 Intelligent model support expression and transfer of useful information This paper mainly summarizes a stamping process planning of intelligent system This intelligent system for product definition effective and complete It has the advantages of different geometrical model and can satisfy the geometric designs and reasoning process Object oriented technology is applied to integrate all kinds of knowledge This integrated knowledge system model can be Shared and used in intelligent design and product information communication Figure 1 shows the stamping process planning intelligent system frame This about stamping mould process planning of intelligent system frame has been designed The components of the structure design including a graphical user interface an application system design resources knowledge tool mixed reasoning mechanism basic model In this architecture knowledge model have different classification Knowledge model from the design resource to extract useful information support knowledge acquisition and knowledge expression program This model is useful information transferred to knowledge Comprising CAD software support Design results as a 3D model pictures and database is stored in the repository it in different parts of the knowledge base is very important knowledge transfer 3 implementation method and application 3 1 stamping feasibility of intelligent model Intelligent system for stamping workpiece quality cost die life is evaluated This evaluation based on mature intelligent model This model has integrated rule library parts information and conclusion library Coefficient of knowledge rule reasoning in knowledge according to that Stamping forming feasibility can from a database of information and related coefficient parts launch In the design process of the extension of the new conclusion preserved in conclusion library Model of intelligent reasoning process and parts specification limits range compared with the technological parameters This specification Including input output radius aperture orifice plate hole nets chamfer trough nets Results to confirm whether accord with the shape of mould parts processing tools Intelligent reasoning is used in the automatic and interactive way It s purpose is to study the feasibility of pressing the product Intelligent reasoning based on the key is to determine the thickness and the correlation coefficient parts processing limit Figure 2 shows the feasibility of the model for product flow chart 10 Figure 2 shows the feasibility of the model for product flow chart Knowledge rules and design results stored in the database of mechanical reasoning Parts in knowledge model shape can modify The decision by the knowledge model stamping process planning is very important step it also provides to choose a single step process tool or composite tools or a method of improvement tools All sorts of different domain knowledge experience and expertise are kept in the process planning of professional system Based on the development of knowledge base is the common principle rules expression The purpose of this step is to integrate professional experience and parts shape 3 2 based on optimization algorithm of intelligent strip layout model In order to achieve higher material utilization blank knowledge model was established the results are stored in knowledge base established basis other modules In the knowledge base there are four arrangement type Arranged layout pattern determined With an array of Washington relative pattern Second ranking arranged layout mode two With two second ranking arranged layout relative mode The purpose of establishing the knowledge model is to improve the material utilization The restrictions by knowledge can provide human experts to choose from This knowledge model control over the whole arrangement design process Figure 3 shows the layout rating system structure The first kind of mode selection function is roughly calculated the numerical and working area general outline This model provides the original parameters All the information is roughly value resulting from them no matter the figures are outlined draw or selected The second mode used to determine the layout type Angle range layout size and strip the width The third kind of mode applied optimization algorithm Design results include material utilization material width and every step clearance are kept in this mode the different layout drawing also generate In the fourth mode can modify layout results Eventually parameters include clearance material each step of grid and the width the ability to switch When the parameters change layout plans can be updated 11 This knowledge is the main purpose of the algorithm to optimize the layout planning This algorithm six steps 1 The most suitable around in graphics rectangular first generation The original copy and the distance between the approach is included in the net Figure 4 shows the algorithm 2 The value of the two ring is among a computation The two ring is decomposed into line and arc units The distance between each element needs to compensation And then you can find the shortest distance 3 The minimum value and calculated the value of the required the difference between is error When the error less than value arrangement planning can be completed In addition graphic layout to follow the direction of the view movement Graph 4 arrangement algorithm A primitive Angle graphics B rotation Angle of graphics after 4 Material utilization in layout s point of view is calculated 5 Arrangement graphics rotating certain Angle Rotating center near the center is the rectangular roughly value Material utilization in the current Angle was calculated 6 Arrangement graphics rotated to another Angle Repeat the steps of the third part until Angle reached 180 degrees Figure 5 shows is the arrangement design results Graph 5 row kind of intelligent design results The development of 3 3 ribbon layout The layout of the shingles rule was integration process in knowledge base level into tool design This intelligent model function is select parts location design azimuth and arrange ribbon work step distance In order to solve the operational procedures and the rules should be reasonable and effective formulated Automatic design module is intelligent model in the most important modules Artificial intelligence technology has been applied in this module This model including the pretreatment module orientating products module and extracted from the product modularization accurate information In order to modify module generates a model initial design engineering is modified 11 The modified module instead of processing module Figure 6 shows the layout of the model and the algorithm for shingles 3 3 1 automatic ribbon layout design preprocessing 1 determine the position and permutations Parts The user can use interface to determine some of the preconditioning module parameter The process can determine the position and other elements such as to do together shape and size accuracy parts and user requirements 12 Parts in the shape of the intelligent model definition the results are stored in a knowledge base 2 get parts precise information The precise information should get in ribbon layout knowledge base Useful information including punching accurate information and relative location information This type of knowledge model of information will decide parts stamping sequence The design process is the main requirements for the position precision to develop a knowledge model 12 First the shape of the parts were divided into closed contour Outline the number of n K k1 k2 ki kn 1 Here the first I ki says parts an outline The relative relations between all contour contained in the relationship of P If in contour kj ki and precision there exists between requirements ki kj p P ki kj ki kj K 1 acuities were I j acuities n I j 2 The position precision from P get relevant matrix is 3 Each type of accurate information through the correlation matrices is preserved in knowledge model 3 3 2 ribbon layout automatic design Ribbon automatic placement design module in the knowledge model is the most important one In the knowledge model contains a lot of important rules for example in a single stroke in stamping all the inner contour is better In the next stage of this section was cut off Sometimes if the distance between the stamping point within is very small some will be moved to outline a stage for machining If stamping point too close from fractionation point fractionation point if will need to be changed to the next stage If there are still not