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畢業(yè)設(shè)計 論文 中期檢查表 指導(dǎo)教師 指導(dǎo)教師姓名 曹泰山 填表日期 2014 年 4 月 20 日 學(xué)生學(xué)號 1000110102 學(xué)生姓名 杜東駿 題目名稱 側(cè)抽芯計算器外殼注塑模具設(shè)計 已 完 成 內(nèi) 容 參觀調(diào)研 查閱資料 到生產(chǎn) 制造企業(yè)調(diào)研 了解生產(chǎn) 制造 加工情況 結(jié)合本設(shè)計課題 查閱相關(guān)資料 完成側(cè)抽芯計算器外殼外形尺寸設(shè)計 完成模具整體結(jié)構(gòu)及零部件尺寸設(shè)計 繪制模具裝配圖及零件圖 完成相關(guān)計算 完成英文翻譯 撰寫論文 完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計 檢查日期 2014 4 20 完 成 情 況 全部完成 按進度完成 滯后進度安排 存 在 困 難 模具零部件尺寸校核比較復(fù)雜 解 決 辦 法 查閱相關(guān)資料 并且與指導(dǎo)老師和同學(xué)們一起討論解決方案 預(yù)期 成績 優(yōu) 秀 良 好 中 等 及 格 不及格 建 議 教師簽名 教務(wù)處實踐教學(xué)科制表 說明 1 本表由檢查畢業(yè)設(shè)計的指導(dǎo)教師如實填寫 2 此表要放入畢業(yè)設(shè)計 論文 檔案袋中 3 各院 系 分類匯總后報教務(wù)處實踐教學(xué)科備案 桂林電子科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計用紙 1 1 The historical development of mold David O Kazmer Injection mold design engineering Hanser Gardner Publications The emergence of mold can be traced back thousands of years ago pottery and bronze foundry but the large scale use is with the rise of modern industry and developed The 19th century with the arms industry gun s shell watch industry radio industry dies are widely used After World War II with the rapid development of world economy it became a mass production of household appliances automobiles electronic equipment cameras watches and other parts the best way From a global perspective when the United States in the forefront of stamping technology many die of advanced technologies such as simple mold high efficiency mold die and stamping the high life automation mostly originated in the United States and Switzerland fine blanking cold in Germany extrusion technology plastic processing of the Soviet Union are at the world advanced 50 s mold industry focus is based on subscriber demand production can meet the product requirements of the mold Multi die design rule of thumb reference has been drawing and perceptual knowledge on the design of mold parts of a lack of real understanding of function From 1955 to 1965 is the pressure processing of exploration and development of the times the main components of the mold and the stress state of the function of a mathematical sub bridge and to continue to apply to on site practical knowledge to make stamping technology in all aspects of a leap in development The result is summarized mold design principles and makes the pressure machine stamping materials processing methods plum with a structure mold materials mold manufacturing method the field of automation devices a new look to the practical direction of advance so that pressing processing apparatus capable of producing quality products from the first stage Into the 70 s to high speed launch technology precision security development of the second stage Continue to emerge in this process a variety of high efficiency business life high precision multi functional automatic school to help with Represented by the number of working places as much as other progressive die and dozens of multi station transfer station module On this basis has developed both a continuous pressing station there are more slide forming station of the press bending machine In the meantime the Japanese stand to the world s largest the mold into the micron level precision die life alloy tool steel mold has reached tens of millions of times carbide steel mold to each of hundreds of millions 桂林電子科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計用紙 2 of times p minutes for stamping the number of small presses usually 200 to 300 up to 1200 times to 1500 times In the meantime in order to meet product updates quickly with the short duration such as cars modified refurbished toys etc need a variety of economic type mold such as zinc alloy die down polyurethane rubber mold die steel skin also has been very great development From the mid 70s so far can be said that computer aided design supporting the continuous development of manufacturing technology of the times With the precision and complexity of mold rising accelerating the production cycle the mold industry the quality of equipment and personnel are required to improve Rely on common processing equipment their experience and skills can not meet the needs of mold Since the 90 s mechanical and electronic technologies in close connection with the development of NC machine tools such as CNC wire cutting machine CNC EDM CNC milling CNC coordinate grinding machine and so on The use of computer automatic programming control CNC machine tools to improve the efficiency in the use and scope In recent years has developed a computer to time sharing by the way a group of direct management and control of CNC machine tools NNC system With the development of computer technology computers have gradually into the mold in all areas including design manufacturing and management International Association for the Study of production forecasts to 2000 as a means of links between design and manufacturing drawings will lose its primary role Automatic Design of die most fundamental point is to establish the mold standard and design standards To get rid of the people of the past and practical experience to judge the composition of the design center we must take past experiences and ways of thinking for series numerical value the number of type based as the design criteria to the computer store Components are dry because of mold constitutes a million other differences to come up with a can adapt to various parts of the design software almost impossible But some products do not change the shape of parts mold structure has certain rules can be summed up for the automatic design of software If a Japanese company s CDM system for progressive die design and manufacturing including the importation of parts of the figure rough start strip layout determine the size and standard templates assembly drawing and parts the output NC program for CNC machining Center and line cutting program etc used in 20 of the time by hand reduce their working hours to 35 hours from Japan in the early 80s will be three dimensional cad cam system for automotive panel die Currently the physical parts scanning input map lines and data input 桂林電子科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計用紙 3 geometric form display graphics annotations and the data is automatically programmed resulting in effective control machine tool control system of post processing documents have reached a high level computer Simulation CAE technology has made some achievements At high levels CAD CAM CAE integration that data is integrated can transmit information directly with each other Achieve network Present Only a few foreign manufacturers ca 2 Stamping Stamping is a kind of plastic forming process in which a part is produced by means of the plastic forming of the material under the action of a die Stamping is usually carried out under cold state so it is also called cold stamping Heat stamping is used only when the blank thickness is greater than 8 100mm The blank material for stamping is usually in the form sheet or strip and therefore it is also called sheet metal forming Some non metal sheets such as plywood mica sheet asbestos leather can also be formed by stamping Stamping is widely used in various metalworking industry and it plays a crucial role in the industries for manufacturing automobiles instruments military parts and household electrical appliances etc The process equipment and die are the three foundational problems that needed to be studied in stamping The characteristics of the sheet metal forming are as follows 1 High material utilization 2 Capacity to produce thin walled parts of complex shape 3 Good interchangeability of stamping parts precision in shape and dimension 4 Parts with lightweight high strength and fine rigidity can be obtained 5 High productivity easy to operate and to realize mechanization and automatization The manufacture of the stamping die is costly and therefore it only fits to mass production For the manufacture of products in small batch and rich variety the simple stamping die and the new equipment such as a stamping machining center are usually adopted to meet he market demands The materials for sheet metal stamping include mild steel copper aluminum magnesium alloy and high plasticity alloy steel etc Stamping equipment includes plate shear and punching press The former shears plate into strips with a definite width which would be pressed later The later can be used both in shearing and forming There are various processes of stamping forming with different working patterns and names 桂林電子科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計用紙 4 but these processes are similar to each other in plastic deformation There are following conspicuous characteristics in stamping 1 The force per unit area perpendicular to the blank surface is not large but is enough to cause the material plastic deformation It is much less than the inner stresses on the plate plane directions In most cases stamping forming can be treated approximately as that of the plane stress state to simplify vastly the theoretical deformation mechanics analysis and the calculation of the process parameters 2 Due to the small relative thickness the anti instability capability of the blank is weak under compressive stress As a result the stamping process is difficult to proceed successfully without using the anti instability device such as blank holder Therefore the variety of the stamping processes dominated by tensile stress are more than those dominated by compressive stress 3 During stamping forming the inner stress of the blank is equal to or sometimes less than the yield stress of the material In this point the stamping is different from the bulk forming During stamping forming the influence of the hydrostatic pressure of the stress state in the deformation zone to the forming limit and the deformation resistance is not so important as to the bulk forming In some circumstances such influence may be neglected Even in the case when this influence should be considered the treating method is also different from that of bulk forming 4 In stamping forming the restrain action of the die to the blank is not severe as in the case of the bulk forming such as die forging In bulk forming the constraint forming is proceeded by the die with exactly the same shape of the part Whereas in stamping in most cases the blank has a certain degree of freedom only one surface of the blank contacts with the die In some extra cases such as the forming of the suspended region of sphere or cone and curling at the end of tube neither sides of the blank on the deforming zone contact with the die The deformation in these regions are caused and controlled the die applying an external force to its adjacent area Due to the characteristics of stamping deformation and mechanics mentioned above the stamping technique is different from the bulk metal forming 1 The importance of the strength and rigidity of the die in stamping forming is less than that in bulk forming because the blank can be formed without applying large pressure unit area on its surface Instead the techniques of the simple die and the pneumatic and hydraulic forming are developed 2 Due to the plane stress or simple strain state in comparison with bulk forming more research on deformation or force and power parameters has been done stamping forming can 桂林電子科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計用紙 5 be performed by more reasonable scientific methods Based on the real time measurement and analysis on the sheet metal properties and stamping parameters by means of computer and some modem testing apparatus research on the intellectualized control of stamping process is also in proceeding 3 It is shown that there is a close relationship between stamping forming and raw material The research on the properties of the stamping forming that is forming ability and shape stability has become a key point in stamping technology The research on the properties of the sheet metal stamping not only meets the need of the stamping technology development but also enhances the manufacturing technique of iron and steel industry and provides a reliable foundation for increasing sheet metal quality 3 China s mold industry and its development trend Due to historical reasons for the formation of closed big and complete enterprise features most enterprises in China are equipped with mold workshop in factory matching status since the late 70s have a mold the concept of industrialization and specialization of production Mold production industry is small and scattered cross industry capital intensive professional commercial and technical management level are relatively low According to incomplete statistics there are now specialized in manufacturing mold the product supporting mold factory workshop factory near 17 000 about 600 000 employees annual output value reached 20 billion yuan mold However the existing capacity of the mold and die industry can only meet the demand of 60 still can not meet the needs of national economic development At present the domestic needs of large sophisticated complex and long life of the mold also rely mainly on imports According to customs statistics in 1997 630 million U S dollars worth of imports mold not including the import of mold together with the equipment in 1997 only 78 million U S dollars export mold At present the technological level of China Die in the application of CAE design and analysis of mold calculation it was just started most of the game is still in trial stages and animation in the application of CAM technology manufacturing molds first the lack of advanced manufacturing equipment and second the existing process equipment including the last 10 桂林電子科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計用紙 7 years the introduction of advanced equipment or computer standard IBM PC and compatibles HP workstations etc different or because of differences in bytes processing speed differences differences in resistance to electromagnetic interference networking is low only about 5 of the mold manufacturing equipment of recent work in this task in the application process planning CAPP technology basically a blank state based on the need for a lot of standardization work in the mold common technology such as mold rapid prototyping technology polishing electroforming technologies surface treatment technology aspects of CAD CAM technology in China has just started Computer aided technology software development is still at low level the accumulation of knowledge and experience required Most of our mold factory mold processing equipment shop old long in the length of civilian service accuracy low efficiency still use the ordinary forging turning milling planing drilling grinding and processing equipment mold heat treatment is still in use salt bath box type furnace operating with the experience of workers poorly equipped high energy consumption Renewal of equipment is slow technological innovation technological progress is not much intensity Although in recent years introduced many advanced mold processing equipment but are too scattered or not complete only about 25 utilization equipment some of the advanced functions are not given full play Lack of technology of high quality mold design manufacturing technology and skilled workers especially the lack of knowledge and breadth knowledge structure high levels of compound talents China s mold industry and technical personnel only 8 of employees 12 and the technical personnel and skilled workers and lower the overall skill level Before 1980 practitioners of technical personnel and skilled workers the aging of knowledge knowledge structure can not meet the current needs and staff employed after 80 years expertise experience lack of hands on ability not ease do not want to learn technology In recent years the brain drain caused by personnel not only decrease the quantity and quality levels and personnel structure of the emergence of new faults lean make mold design manufacturing difficult to raise the technical level 3 3 mold industry supporting materials standard parts of present condition Over the past 10 years especially the Eighth Five Year the State organization of the ministries have repeatedly Material Research Institute universities and steel enterprises research and development of special series of die steel molds and other mold specific carbide special tools auxiliary materials and some promotion However due to the quality is not stable enough the lack of the necessary test conditions and test data specifications and 桂林電子科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計用紙 8 varieties less large molds and special mold steel and specifications are required for the gap In the steel supply settlement amount and sporadic users of mass produced steel supply and demand contradiction yet to be effectively addressed In addition in recent years have foreign steel mold set up sales outlets in China but poor channels technical services support the weak and prices are high foreign exchange settlement system and other factors promote the use of much current Mold supporting materials and special techniques in recent years despite the popularization and application but failed to mature production technology most still also in the exploratory stage tests such as die coating technology surface treatment technology mold mold guide lubrication technology Die sensing technology and lubrication technology mold to stress technology mold and other anti fatigue and anti corrosion technology productivity has not yet fully formed towards commercialization Some key important technologies also lack the protection of intellectual property China s mold standard parts production the formation of the early 80s only small scale production standardization and standard mold parts using the coverage of about 20 from the market can be assigned to is just about 30 varieties and limited to small and medium size Standard punch hot runner components and other supplies just the beginning mold and parts production and supply channels for poor poor accuracy and quality 3 4 Die products factory mold factory or workshop in order to supply the product works as the main tasks needed to die die funded enterprises branch the organizational model and professional mold factory is similar to small but the main township mold business and professional mold factory is similar Of which the largest number of first class mold production accounts for about 70 of total output China s mold industry decentralized management system There are 19 major industry sectors manufacture and use of mold there is no unified management of the department Only by China Die or to construct or operate the same with full cognizance of their design or to forecast their behavior under specific operating conditions all as respects an intended function economics of operation and safety to life and property One who practices engineering is called an engineer and those licensed to do so may have more formal designations such as Professional Engineer Chartered Engineer Incorporated Engineer or European Engineer The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a range of more specialized subdisciplines each with a more specific emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology 桂林電子科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計用紙 10 4 1 Engineering History The concept of has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley lever and wheel Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects The term engineering itself has a much more recent etymology deriving from the word engineer which itself dates back to 1325 when an engine er literally one who operates an engine originally referred to a constructor of military engines In this context now obsolete an engine referred to a military machine i e a mechanical contraption used in war for example a catapult Notable exceptions of the obsolete usage which have survived to the present day are military engineering corps e g the U S Army Corps of Engineers The word engine itself is of even older origin ultimately deriving from the Latin ingenium c 1250 meaning innate quality especially mental power hence a clever invention Later as the design of civilian structures such as bridges and buildings matured as a technical discipline the term civil engineering entered the lexicon as a way to distinguish between those specializing in the construction of such non military projects and those involved in the older discipline of military engineering 4 2 Ancient era The Pharos of Alexandria the pyramids in Egypt the Hanging Gardens of Babylon the Acropolis and the Parthenon in Greece the Roman aqueducts Via Appia and the Colosseum Teotihuac n and the cities and pyramids of the Mayan Inca and Aztec Empires the Great Wall of China a