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被動語態(tài) 一 英語的謂語動詞有兩種語態(tài) WespeakEnglish 主語 謂語 賓語 Englishisspokenbyus 主語 謂語 賓語 賓變主 主變賓 前加by動變被 看清be 結(jié)構(gòu)分別be pp 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 主變被解題步驟 1 找賓語 即動作的承受者 Theymakeshoesinthatfactory Shoes 2 判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù) 即be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù) arewere 3 判斷動詞的時態(tài) 即be動詞的時態(tài) 4 修改謂語的時態(tài) 即原句動詞改為過去分詞 made 5 修改原句的主語 即by 主語 賓語 bythem Tombrokethewindow ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom Tombrokethewindows ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom Hebrokethewindows Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim 一般現(xiàn)在時 am is aredone一般過去時 was weredone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 am is arebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時 was werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時 have hasbeendone過去完成時 hadbeendone一般將來時 shall willbedone begoingtobedone當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動詞時 句子結(jié)構(gòu)為can must haveto bedone 1 Theymakeshoesinthatfactory 主語 及物動詞 賓語 Shoesaremade bythem inthatfactory 一般現(xiàn)在時 S 主語 am is are 過去分詞 變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday WecallthesnowmanMrStrong ThesnowmaniscalledMrStrong Weusuallyhearhimplayinthenextroom Heisusuallyheardtoplayinthenextroom 2 Theyboughttencomputerslastterm Tencomputerswerebought bythem lastterm 一般過去時 S was were 過去分詞 Heboughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriendyesterday 4 AbycantakegoodcareofTina TinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAby 情態(tài)動詞 S can may must should be 過去分詞 Hecancarrythebasketeasily Thebasketcanbeeasilycarriedbyhim Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem Wemustputtheminthefridge Thedogsthought Theymustbeputinthefridge Thedogsthought 3 Theywillfinishtheworkintendays Theworkwillbefinished bythem intendays 一般將來時 S will be 過去分詞 Theyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 S am is are being 過去分詞 Theyareholdingasportsmeetingnow Asportsmeetingisbeingheld bythem now Wehavemadetwentymorekeys Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus 現(xiàn)在完成時 S have has been 過去分詞 Workershavebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago Wehadreceivedmanylettersbytheendoflastweek Manylettershadbeenreceivedbytheendoflastweek Theywouldhaveapartythenextday Apartywouldbehad bythem thenextday 1 Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings Knives forcuttingthings 2 Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth Thewindowsoftheirclassroom twiceamonth areused are cleaned 變被動語態(tài) 七嘴八舌 3 Ifoundtheticketonthefloor onthefloor 4 Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime She toreturnthebookintime Theticketwasfound wastold 3 Wefoundtheticketonthefloor 5 Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday He onlytwomealsaday 6 Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem Nowcomputers tohelpthem wasmadetohave canbe used 7 Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear atthistimelasttime 8 Mustwefinishourworktoday ourwork today Weremanytreesplanted Mustbefinished 9 Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps 1 somewonderfulstamps 2 Somewonderfulstamps weweregiven were giventous 10 TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer Tom toturnonthecomputer 11 Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework Mostofthework bywomeninthisfactory wasasked isdone 12 Hecanmendthebikeintwodays Thebike intwodays 13 Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday Thismedicine threetimesaday canbemended mustbe taken 14 ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman German bythestudentsinthisschool 15 Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion thisquestionoften about isstudied Is talked bythem Answerrightorwrong 1 必須照看好孩子們 Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof 2 這本書是魯迅寫的 ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun 3 昨天那支筆是他給我的 Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterday Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday W R W R W R 4 這輛自行車能修嗎 Canthisbikemended Canthisbikebemended 5 街道已由他們清理了 Thestreethasbeencleanedbythey Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem W R W R 必背 動詞短語的被動語態(tài) takecareof betakencareof cutdown becutdown laughat belaughedat lookafter belookedafter Theymadeshoesinthatfactory Theywillmakeshoesinthatfactory Theywouldmakeshoesinthatfactory Theycanmakeshoesinthatfactory Theyhavemadeshoesinthatfactory Theyhadmadeshoesinthatfactory Theyaremakingshoesinthatfactory Theyweremakingshoesinthatfactory 四 幾種值得注意的被動語態(tài)變化 帶復(fù)合賓語的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu) makesb dosth sb bemadetodosth MrGreenmadeJimdohishomeworkathome JimwasmadetodohishomeworkbyMrGreenathome watchlethavehearseenotice 2 seesb doingsth sb beseendoingsth Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment hear watch Weoftenhearthemsingthissong Theyareoftenheardtosingthissong byus Thissongisoftenheard byus tobesung bythem BobsentKatealetterlastyear KatewassentaletterbyBoblastyear AletterwassenttoKatebyBoblastyear tellaskbringwritegiveteachpasslend to HetoldJimastory Mummademeanewdress IwasmadeanewdressbyMum AnewdresswasmadeformebyMum makebuydraw for Iboughtmybrotherabook 注意 約翰打開了收音機(jī) Johnturnedontheradio Theradiowasturnedon 奶奶照看我姐姐 Grandmatakescareofmysister MysisteristakencareofbyGrandma 注 千萬不要遺漏介詞或副詞 Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely Theysaidthathewouldcomebacksoon Itwassaidthathewouldcomebacksoon 類似的還有 Itisreported believed hoped supposedthat Wereport 1 不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài) 如 belong happen takeplace last cometrue remain succeed fall die arrive 等 Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity Thatbikedoesn tbelongtoMike 不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況 不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況 2 表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài) have fit IhaveaTVset Thecoatfitsmewell 3 祈使句一般沒有被動語態(tài) 正 Lookattheblackboard please 誤 Theblackboardislookedatbyyou 不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況 4 系動詞沒有被動態(tài)和進(jìn)行時態(tài) 這魚味道很好 這條圍巾摸上去很軟 Thefishtastesgood Thescarffeelssoft 5 反身代詞在句中作賓語時 不能用被動語態(tài) 例如 正 Youmustlookafteryourself 誤 Yourselfmustbelookedafter 4 某些動詞形式是主動 但含有被動的意思 這書很好賣 這種布很好洗 Thebooksellswell Thiskindofclothwashesverywell 這書賣完了 Thebookissoldout 這塊表需要修理一下 Thewatchneedsmending Thewatchneedstobemended Weneedtomendthewatch want Didhefinishtheworkyesterday Werethebookstakenawaybythegirl Didthegirltakeawaythebooks WasthewindowbrokenbyTom Tom thewindow Didbreak Wastheworkfinishedbyhimyesterday Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion thisquestionoften about Is talked bythem Doesn tBobcleanthestreeteveryday thestreet byBobeveryday Isn tcleaned Hetoldustogettoschoolearly Ourparentsaskustostayathomeatnight Weweretoldtogettoschoolearlybyhim Weareaskedtostayathomeatnight Didyougototheparty No I invite wasn tinvited Thebridge inthreeweeks finish Youcangooutifyourhomework do willbefinished isdone Thisisoneofthethingsthat see thatday wereseen WhenwasPRC found wasseen Thisistheonlyoneofthethingsthat see thatday founded Youshouldgetyourshoes wash washed