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云考網(wǎng)www.yn91.com 2012年全國(guó)專業(yè)技術(shù)人員職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試衛(wèi)生類ABC級(jí)真題及答案 2012年全國(guó)專業(yè)技術(shù)人員職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試衛(wèi)生類A級(jí)真題及答案 第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1~15題，每題1分，共15分） 下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或者短語(yǔ)有括號(hào)，請(qǐng)為每處括號(hào)部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。 1. He shifted his position a little in order to (alleviate) the pain in his leg. A.control B. easy C. experience D. suffer 2. Our aim was to (update) the health service, and we succeeded. A.offer B. provide C. modernize D. fund 3. She moves from one (exotic) location to another. A.unusual B. familiar C. similar D. proper 4. Nothing would (induce) me to vote for him again. A.teach B. help C. discourage D. attract 5. The photographs (evoked) strong memories of our holiday in France. A.refreshed B. stored C. blocked D. erased 6. The weather was (crisp) and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away. A.hot B. heavy C. fresh D. windy 7. Every week the magazine presents the (profile) of a well-known sports personality. A.success B. description C. evidence D. plan 8. Her comments about men are (utterly) ridiculous completely. A. slightly B. completely C. partly D. faintly 9. The walls are made of (hollow) concrete blocks. A . big B. empty C. long D. now 10. We almost (ran into) a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling. A. overtook B. hit C. passed D. found 11. When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldn’t resist having a (peep) look. A.chance B. visit C. look D. try 12. He has been granted (asylum) in France. A. power B. relief C. protection D. license 13. He was (weary) of the constant battle between them. A. fond B. tired C. proud D. afraid 14. Newborn babies can (discriminate) between a man’s and a woman`s voice. A. treat B. distinguish C. express D. analyzes 15. All the flats in the building had the same (layout) arrangement. A. color B. size C. function D. arrangement 參考答案： alleviate—ease update—modernize exotic—unusual induce—attract evoked—refreshed crisp—fresh profile—description utterly—completely hollow—empty ran into—hit peep—look asylum—protection weary—tired discriminate—distinguish layout—arrangement 第二部分：閱讀判斷（第16~22題，每題1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷；如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。 The Mind-Body Connections Norman Cousins was a famous American magazine editor. In 1964, he returned from an overseas trip and then became very ill. In the hospital, he had terrible pain and couldnt move his body. Doctors told him he had a serious disease called ankylosing spondylitis（強(qiáng)直性脊柱炎）and said he had only 1 chance in 500 of surviving. They gave him powerful drugs, but his condition only got worse. Cousins had read about a theory that negative emotions can harm your health. He believed that positive emotions were good for ones health, and he decided to try an experiment. He would fill his days with good feelings and laughter and see if that might improve his condition. He left the hospital and moved into a hotel room. There, he got a large supply of funny TV programs and copies of old Marx Brothers movies and cartoons. He also hired a nurse to read funny stories to him. His plan was to spend the whole day laughing and thinking about happy things. On his first night in the hotel, Cousins found that laughing at the movies helped his body produce chemicals that reduced pain. For the first time in weeks, he could sleep comfortably for a few hours. Every time the pain came back, he watched another funny movie and laughed until he felt better. Over time, Cousins was able to measure changes in his body with blood tests. He found that the harmful chemicals in his body decreased at least 5 percent every time he watched a funny movie. After a short time, he was able to stop taking all of his medications. Finally his condition improved so much that he could go back to work. Cousins later wrote a book about how laughter and happiness helped him to survive a deadly illness. Many people didnt believe his story and said that his doctors were wrong about his disease. But since then, research has found that emotions do have a strong effect on physical health, and experiments found that laughter can help to reduce pain. Scientists today are working to understand the ways that our minds affect our bodies. 16. Norman Gousins became ill while he was traveling in another country. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 參考答案：B 17. Doctors told Cousins that he would probably die from his disease. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 參考答案：A 18. Drugs helped to stop the pain of Cousinss disease. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 參考答案：B 19. Cousins started watching movies because he was bored. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 參考答案：B 20. Cousins spent a lot of time laughing every day. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 參考答案：A 21. Movies were better than funny stories for stopping pain. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 參考答案：C 22. When Cousins wrote his book, everyone agreed with him. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 參考答案：B 第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23~30題，每題1分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第23~26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為指定段落每段選擇1個(gè)小標(biāo)題；（2）第27~30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。 Multiple Sclerosis（多發(fā)性硬化癥） 1 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the patients immune（免疫的）system attacks the central nervous system. This can lead to numerous physical and mental symptoms, as the disease affects the transmission of electrical signals between the body and the brain. However, the human body, being a flexible, adaptable system, can compensate for some level of damage, so a person with MS can look and feel fine even though the disease is present. 2 MS patients can have one of two main varieties of the disease: the relapsing form （復(fù)發(fā)型）and the primary progressive form. In the relapsing form, the disease progresses in a series of jumps; at times it is in remission（減輕）.which means that a persons normal functions return for a period of time before the system goes into relapse and the disease again becomes more active. This is the most common form of MS; 80-90% of people have this form of the disease when they are first diagnosed. The relapse-remission cycle can continue for many years. Eventually, however, Ioss of physical and cognitive functions starts to take place and the remissions become less frequent. 3 In the primary progressive form of MS, there are no remissions and a continual but steady loss of physical and cognitive functions takes place. This condition affects about 10-15% of sufferers at diagnosis. 4 The expected course of the disease, or prognosis（預(yù)后）,depends on many variables: the subtype of the disease, the patients individual characteristics and the initial symptoms. Life expectancy of patients, however, is often nearly the same as that of an unaffected person - provided that a reasonable standard of care is received. In some cases a near-normal life span is possible. 5 The cause of the disease is unclear; it seems that some people have a genetic Susceptibility（易感性）,which is triggered by some unknown environmental factor. Onset（發(fā)作）of the disease usually occurs in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40.It is more common in women than men; however, it has also been diagnosed in young children and in elderly people. 23. Paragraph 1___E___ 24. Paragraph 2 __B____ 25. Paragraph 3___D___ 26. Paragraph 4____F__ A. The cause of MS B. The relapsing form of MS C. The treatment for MS D. The primary progressive form of MS E. The definition of MS F. The development of MS 27. MS affects the communication of nerve cells between the body and ___E___ 28. An MS patient can feel fine for years without being affected much by ___A___ 29. 10-15% of MS patients are diagnosed as having ___C___ 30. Young adults might have a higher chance of developing the disease than ___B___ A. relatives of MS patients B. the elderly people C. the disease D. the progressive form E. the brain F. life expectancy 第四部分：閱讀理解（第31~45題，每題3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。 第一篇 Gross National Happiness In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However， one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia， the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions. King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product（GNP）. The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness. If the people’s happiness increased， the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier， he created a measure called Gross National Happiness（GNH）. GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government. Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet. Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land. Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow. 31. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck? A. A president. B. A buddist preist. C. A general. D. A king. 參考答案：D 32. Apart from moderizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan? A. To make its populaton grow. B. To keep it separate from the world. C. To encourage its people to get rich. D. To keep its tradition and customs. 參考答案：D 33. A country shows its progress with GNP by A. selling more products. B. spending more money. C. spending less money. D. providing more jobs. 參考答案：A 34. According to GNH, people are happier if they A. have new tecnology. B. can change their religion. C. have a good, stable government. D. have more money. 參考答案：C 35. Today, many countries are A. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress. B. woking together to develop a common scale to measure GNH. C. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress. D. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness. 參考答案：D 第二篇 Caffeine Caffeine is probably the most widely used drug in the world. Humans have been consuming caffeine for hundreds of years, primarily in the form of coffee, tea, and cocoa. Habitual coffee and tea drinkers had long been observed to have a lower incidence of non-melanoma（黑色素瘤） skin cancers, although no one knew why. A recent study found that caffeine affects skin cells damaged by ultraviolet radiation, a main cause of skin cancer. Caffeine interferes with a protein that cancerous cells need to survive, leaving the damaged cells to die before they become cancerous. Drinking caffeinated coffee has also been associated with a decreased incidence of endometrial(予宮內(nèi)膜的) cancer - that is, cancer of the cells lining the uterus - The strongest effect appears to be in overweight women, who are at greatest risk for the disease. Researchers believe blood sugar, fat cells, and estrogen(雌性激素) may play a role. Although the mechanism remains unknown, people who drink more than two cups of coffee or tea a day reportedly have about half the risk of developing chronic liver disease as those who drink less than one cup of coffee daily; caffeinated coffee has also been associated with lowered risk of cirrhosis（肝硬化） and liver cancer. While many of caffeines undesirable effects, such as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, are brief, some short-term benefits, including pain relief, increased alertness, and increased physical endurance, have also been attributed to caffeine. As a component of numerous over-the-counter diet pills and pain relievers, caffeine increases their effectiveness and helps the body absorb them more quickly. By constricting（收縮） blood vessels in the brain, it can alleviate headaches - even migraines(偏頭痛) – and can help counter the drowsiness（眩暈）caused by antihistamines(抗組胺藥). Caffeine does not alter the need for sleep, but it does offer a temporary solution to fatigue for people who need to stay alert. Research has shown that sleep-deprived individuals who consumed caffeine had improved memory and reasoning abilities, at least in the short term. Studies of runners and cyclists have shown that caffeine can improve their stamina - hence its addition to energy-boosting sports drinks. People who consume a lot of caffeine regularly may develop temporary withdrawal symptoms, headache being the most common, if they quit or cut back on it abruptly. Fortunately, these symptoms last only a day or two in most cases. Individuals who are more sensitive to the stimulatory side effects of caffeine may want to avoid it, but most doctors agree that the equivalent of three cups of coffee a day does not harm healthy people. There is no medical basis to give up daily caffeine and many reasons to include a moderate amount in ones diet. 36. Drinking coffee or tea may help A. lower the incidence of being overweight. B. lower the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer. C. increase the incidence of endometrial cancer. D. increase the incidence of liver cancer. 參考答案：B 37. Caffeine is used to A. reduce high blood pressure. B. relieve headaches. C. cure liver cancer. D. treat skin cancer. 參考答案：B 38. Some athletes use caffeine to A. improve their speed. B. increase their endurance. C. maintain their alertness. D. relax their muscles. 參考答案：B 39. Caffeine withdrawal symptoms A. can become an ongoing problem. B. may last as long as a week. C. are weight loss and mental disorder. D. are usually short-lived. 參考答案：D 40. Drinking three cups of coffee a day A. may not be recommended by most doctors. B. is harmful to healthy people. C. will probably not cause problems. D. may benefit sensitive people. 參考答案：C 第三篇 Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat. Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator on the study. Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption. The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind. "Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food.” said Hayes. "Supertasters, people who experience tastes more intensely, consume more salt than do nontasters. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more.” However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. "For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced." Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color. "Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter." he said. "Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting is not limited to bitterness.” 41. John Hayes points out in a recent study that A. it is healthy to eat food without salt. B. many people reject low-salt food completely. C. food with less salt tastes better. D. many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly. 參考答案：D 42. The fourth paragraph describes briefly A. the purpose of the study. B. the analysis of the research results. C. the research methodology. D. the conclusion of the study. 參考答案：C 43. The article argues that supertasters A. like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor. B. like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food. C. consume less salt because they dont like intensive tastes. D. like to share salty cheese with nontasters. 參考答案：A 44. In paragraph 6, the word "pronounced" is closest in meaning to A. weary. B. strong. C. weak. D. strange. 參考答案：B 45. The last two paragraphs illustrate that taste acuity is A. developed over time after birth. B. related to ones eye and hair color. C. still unknown to scientists. D. genetically determined. 參考答案：D 第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第46~50題，每題2分，共10分） 下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章面貌。 The Mysteries of Nazca In the desert of Peru, 300 kilometers from Lima, one of the most unusual artworks in the world has mystified (迷惑) people for decades. (46) But from high above, these marks are huge images of birds, fish, seashells, all beautifully carved into the earth. The Nazca lines are so difficult to see from the ground that they weren’t discovered until the 1930s, when pilots spotted them while flying over the area. In all, there are about 70 differen