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《情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣》教案 一、教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)； 2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)。 二、教學(xué)重難點(diǎn) 1、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)；虛擬語(yǔ)氣的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)。 2、教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)。 三、教學(xué)過(guò)程 （一）問(wèn)題排行榜（Hit the charts） 1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)都有哪些？ 2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)都有哪些？ （二）攻克難點(diǎn)（Overcome difficulties） 　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣是高中語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)。高考英語(yǔ)完成句子對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查主要涉及常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法，特別側(cè)重于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法和特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的應(yīng)用。 高考完成句子對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考查重點(diǎn)在于根據(jù)句子的語(yǔ)境靈活多樣地運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，賓語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的應(yīng)用，交際用語(yǔ)中為表委婉而使用的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，含蓄條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，以及特殊句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣等。 五年高考已考測(cè)試點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與完成式；賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)功能；should/can等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法。 1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)都有哪些？ 考點(diǎn)一　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與完成式 “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have＋過(guò)去分詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu)是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)項(xiàng)考查的難點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)，記住以下最?？疾榈慕Y(jié)構(gòu)： ①must have done 過(guò)去一定做了某事 ②can’t/couldn’t have done 過(guò)去不可能做了某事 ③may/might have done 過(guò)去可能做了某事 ④needn’t have done本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要做而實(shí)際做了某事 ⑤could have done本來(lái)能夠做而實(shí)際沒(méi)有做某事 ⑥should/ought to have done本來(lái)應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際沒(méi)有做某事 ⑦shouldnt/oughtnt to have done本來(lái)不該做而實(shí)際做了某事 考點(diǎn)二　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)功能 can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推測(cè)，使用時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)： ① 注意語(yǔ)氣。語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)用must, cannot，couldnt；語(yǔ)氣較弱may，might或can，could; ② 注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用may，might，must；在否定句、疑問(wèn)句中常用can，could； ③ 注意時(shí)態(tài)。表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況的推測(cè)，此時(shí)通常用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋ 動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)；表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)正在進(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)，通常用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋進(jìn)行式”結(jié)構(gòu)；表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，通常用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋完成式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 考點(diǎn)三 shall的三種用法 ① 表說(shuō)話(huà)人的意圖。在陳述句中主語(yǔ)是第二﹑三人稱(chēng)，表說(shuō)話(huà)者給對(duì)方的承諾﹑決心﹑警告、威脅等。 ②征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為第一、三人稱(chēng)的疑問(wèn)句。 ③表示強(qiáng)制。用于法令條約、規(guī)章中，意為“必須，應(yīng)該”。 考點(diǎn)四　一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法 1.①cannot(never等否定詞)…too＝cannot…adj./adv. enough 再……也不為過(guò) ②can’t (help/choose) but do… 只好做/不得不做…… ③cant help (to) do不能幫忙做 ④cant help doing情不自禁做 ⑤cant/couldnt agree more 十分贊成 ⑥it cant/couldnt be better 十分好，非常好 2. ① may 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 ② may well完全能，很可能=to be very likely to ③ might/ may as well最好，滿(mǎn)可以，倒不如，還是……的好 3. must有時(shí)表示 “偏要，偏偏”， 也可作名詞，意為“必須做的事情”。 4. should可作“竟然、萬(wàn)一”解。Why/How+should結(jié)構(gòu)表說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)某事不能理解，感到意外、驚異等，意為“竟會(huì)”。 5.dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，還可用于條件句中，過(guò)去式為dared；作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，dare用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句，后面的to也可省略；I dare say是習(xí)慣說(shuō)法，意為“我想，大概”。 2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)都有哪些？ 考點(diǎn)一　虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本用法 ①與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)＋should/would/could…＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他成分＋if＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞用were)＋其他成分。 ②與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)＋should/would/could…＋have done＋其他成分＋if＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)＋其他成分。 ③與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)＋should/would/could…＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他成分＋if＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)/should do/were to do＋其他成分。 考點(diǎn)二　含蓄虛擬條件句 這樣的虛擬句不含有if從句，而是以but for/with/without/but/or/otherwise等介詞、副詞、連詞等等引導(dǎo)的句子來(lái)代替。 考點(diǎn)三　主從句時(shí)間不一致的虛擬條件句 在有些虛擬條件句中，主從句時(shí)間不一致，應(yīng)根據(jù)不同情況區(qū)別對(duì)待。 考點(diǎn)四　名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在含有表示堅(jiān)持、建議、命令、要求等含義的名詞性從句和在it作形式賓語(yǔ)或形式主語(yǔ)的復(fù)合句中，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“驚奇、惋惜或者理應(yīng)如此”等含義時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，其中should可以省略。 考點(diǎn)五　wish/if only/would rather從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 wish，would rather引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句及if only所引導(dǎo)的從句，須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的事實(shí)不符；從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)不符。 （三）方法列舉（List methods） 1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣 考點(diǎn)一 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本用法 1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，例如： If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing，I would invite her to the party. A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not 2.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，例如： If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic. But it ______ all day. A. rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining 3.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，例如： If I ______ plan to do anything I want to，I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to 考點(diǎn)二 含蓄虛擬條件句 Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ______ it without you. A. can manage B.could have managed C. could managed D.can have managed 考點(diǎn)三 主從句時(shí)間不一致的虛擬條件句 It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A.wouldn’t have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall 考點(diǎn)四 名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 —Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York？ —I agree，but the problem is ______ he has refused to. A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that C.should not be sent;what D. should not send;what 考點(diǎn)五 wish/if only/would rather從句中 的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 Look at the trouble I’m in，if only I ______ your advice！ A. followed B.would follow C. had followed D.should follow 2、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 考點(diǎn)一 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本含義的考查 ①The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could ②When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. —They ______be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need ③You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______be so rude to a lady . A. might B. need C. should D. would 考點(diǎn)二 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的考查 ①Sorry, I’m late. I______have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again . A. might B. should C. can D. will ②My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he______your lecture. A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended ③Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must ④I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter? —It ______true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. won’t be C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be 考點(diǎn)三 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示虛擬的考查 ①There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You______come, but why didn’t you? A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have ②I was really anxious about you. You ______home without a word. A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave ③Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat 考點(diǎn)四 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與助動(dòng)詞混合考查 ①Tom ,you didn’t come to the party last night? —I______, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do . A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’t ②Your phone number again? I______quite catch it . —It’s 86184867. A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t （四）能力拓展（Develop skills） 1、【2011全國(guó)卷,32】They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. A.will B.can C.must D.should 【答案】D 【考點(diǎn)】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。 【解析】句意為“他們本該午飯時(shí)到達(dá)，但他們的航班推遲了?！眞ill have done將來(lái)可以完成；can have done可能做過(guò)……嗎？表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的懷疑，用于疑問(wèn)句；must have done一定做過(guò)某事，表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè)；should have done本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際沒(méi)做。but their flight was delayed這樣的結(jié)果，說(shuō)明他們本來(lái)該到達(dá)卻沒(méi)有到達(dá)，因此選D。 2、【2011全國(guó)卷II,8】If you smoke, please go outside. A. can B. should C. must D. may 【答案】C 【考點(diǎn)】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。 【解析】句意為“如果你非得要抽煙，請(qǐng)到外面去抽。”must (表示主張)一定要，堅(jiān)持要。根據(jù)后一句please go outside的要求，選C。 3、【2011北京卷,24】——I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him? ——Don’t worry. He come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not 【答案】D 【考點(diǎn)】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。 【解析】句意為“——我真不喜歡James。你為何請(qǐng)了他？——?jiǎng)e擔(dān)心。他可能來(lái)不了。他說(shuō)他的計(jì)劃還沒(méi)安排好?！鳖}干中的he wasn’t certain說(shuō)明他可能不來(lái)，可能來(lái)，因此使用不完全否定might not。選D。 4、【2011北京卷,28】——Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined. ——I wish they always late. A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been 【答案】A 【考點(diǎn)】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。 【解析】句意為“——孩子們哪兒去了？這頓飯快要吃不起來(lái)了。——我但愿他們不要老是遲到?！眞ish引出虛擬語(yǔ)氣，題干中出現(xiàn)always，從句虛擬使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。選A。 5、【2011北京卷,30】Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying 【答案】C 【考點(diǎn)】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。 【解析】句意為“或許當(dāng)初我要是學(xué)了理科而不是文科，現(xiàn)在就能給你更多的幫助?！眛hen表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間，if引導(dǎo)的從句是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，因此使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。選C。 6、【2011天津卷,15】I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come 【答案】D 【考點(diǎn)】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。 【解析】句意為“我本來(lái)可以早點(diǎn)來(lái)，但我真不知道他們?cè)诘任??！眀ut I didn’t know表示了過(guò)去時(shí)間，因此前句是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，用主語(yǔ)+should / would / could / might + have done表達(dá)，故選D。 7、【2011上海春招,27】Some young people these days just ______ go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustn’t B. won’t C. mightn’t D. shouldn’t 【答案】B 【考點(diǎn)】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。 【解析】句意為“現(xiàn)在一些年輕人就是不愿意走出家門(mén)接觸真正的世界?！眒ustn’t禁止，不允許；won’t不愿意，就是不，偏不，具有主觀性；mightn’t可能不；shouldn’t不應(yīng)該。根據(jù)句意選B。 8、【2011江蘇卷,34】——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. ——How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it. A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 【答案】B 【考點(diǎn)】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。 【解析】句意為“——我把我的手提包落在火車(chē)上了。但幸運(yùn)的是，有人拾到交給了鐵路部門(mén)?！Ф鴱?fù)得，簡(jiǎn)直難以置信！我是說(shuō)，本來(lái)可能有人會(huì)偷了去?！眞ill have done將來(lái)可以完成，must have done一定做過(guò)某事，表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè)，都與題意不符。should have done本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際沒(méi)做，這就意味著希望有人偷包。might have stolen 過(guò)去可能做過(guò)，語(yǔ)氣比較婉轉(zhuǎn)或不肯定，根據(jù)句意選B。 （五）小結(jié) （六）課后作業(yè) 1、復(fù)習(xí)一遍課堂摘記。 2、完成課堂尚未完成的練習(xí)。 3、復(fù)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)。