劍橋商務(wù)英語BEC高級寫作講義.doc
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CAMBRIDGE BUSINESS ENGLISH CERTIFICATE HIGHER BEC高級寫作講義 目錄 一. BEC考試概述 二. BEC高級寫作概述 三. Part One寫作(概述與方式) 四. Part Two寫作(概述) 五. Part Two (Report寫作方式) 六. Part Two (Proposal寫作方式) 七. Part Two (Letter 寫作方式) 八. 總結(jié) 一. BEC考試概述 劍橋商務(wù)英語(Cambridge Business English Certificate): 簡稱為BEC考試,是英國劍橋大學(xué)考試委員會(huì)專門為非英語母語國家的人員進(jìn)行國際商務(wù)活動(dòng)需要而設(shè)計(jì)的。該證書由于其頒發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)的權(quán)威性,在歐洲大多數(shù)國家的商業(yè)企業(yè)部門獲得認(rèn)可,作為確認(rèn)證書持有者英語能力證明的首選證書。也是在所有舉辦該項(xiàng)考試的國家和地區(qū)求職的“通行證”。在一些國家,許多大學(xué)要求獲得BEC3(第三級)證書者才能獲得工商管理碩士(MBA)學(xué)位或參加學(xué)位課程學(xué)習(xí)。 BEC考試特點(diǎn): 1. BEC考試報(bào)名不受年齡、性別、職業(yè)、地區(qū)、學(xué)歷等限制,任何人(包括學(xué)生、待業(yè)人員等)均可持本人身份證到當(dāng)?shù)乜键c(diǎn)報(bào)名。 2. BEC考試測試考生在聽、說、讀、寫四個(gè)方面的語言交際能力,著重考察學(xué)生的應(yīng)用能力與接受能力,并對考生的能力概況做出較全面、客觀的評價(jià)。 3. BEC考試分為三級,BEC1為初級語言水平考試,難度相當(dāng)于我國大學(xué)英語四級,就劍橋英語考試系列來說,它介于入門英語考試(Key English Test)和初級英語考試(Preliminary English Test)之間;BEC2介于我國大學(xué)英語四、六級之間,相當(dāng)于劍橋第一證書英語考試(First Certificate in English);BEC3介于我國大學(xué)英語六級和英語專業(yè)八級之間,相當(dāng)于劍橋熟練英語證書考試(Certificate of Proficiency in English)。 BEC高級(BEC3)考試: 1. 考試同樣分為四個(gè)部分(閱讀,60分鐘;寫作,70分鐘;聽力,40分鐘左右;口語16分鐘);即總時(shí)間為166分鐘左右(2.5小時(shí)) 2. 四部分總分為120分,每部分為30分,考生的登記以4部分所得的總分為基礎(chǔ),并不需要所有的四分試卷都達(dá)到令人滿意的水平才能通過考試。 3. 分?jǐn)?shù)分為5檔,A(優(yōu)秀),B(優(yōu)良),C(及格),D、E(不及格) 4. BEC考試所使用的材料盡可能屬于真實(shí)事件中的節(jié)選,因此不存在偏見或者其他個(gè)性因素。 二. BEC高級寫作概述 概述: 1. 總時(shí)間為70分鐘; 2. 兩部分內(nèi)容,第一部分(Part One)為一片短篇報(bào)告(Short Report);第二部分(Part Two)為三選一(Report,Letter,Proposal); 3. 總字?jǐn)?shù)要求為320-390詞,第一部分為120-140詞,第二部分為200-250詞; 4. 考官會(huì)根據(jù)整體印象評分,印象的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要來源于能否滿足題目要求和是否具有商業(yè)邏輯性為主。 5. 分?jǐn)?shù)同樣分5檔,5、4、3為及格,2、1、0為不及格 具體評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn): 1. 是否完成題目要求: n 所有內(nèi)容點(diǎn)是否已包含在文章內(nèi) n 語言是否規(guī)范、自然;錯(cuò)誤的多少 n 是否靈活運(yùn)用語言,詞匯量 n 文體是否組織得當(dāng),邏輯性、格式是否適當(dāng) 2. 給讀者的感覺 n 5極佳、4良好、3較好、2不佳、1,0極差 寫作課程訓(xùn)練目標(biāo): 1. 商務(wù)思維訓(xùn)練 2. 模板靈活運(yùn)用 擴(kuò)展閱讀資料: 1. http://searchwww.sec.gov/EDGARFSClient/jsp/EDGAR_MainAccess.jsp (美國證券交易所網(wǎng)站,在此網(wǎng)站下點(diǎn)擊Advanced Search, 搜10K文檔,10K文檔為年報(bào),可下載閱讀) 2. http://finance.yahoo.com/ (雅虎財(cái)經(jīng),在GET QUOTES處輸入股票代碼,然后查詢免費(fèi)下載分析報(bào)告) 3.各上市公司中(Investor Relation)鏈接,建議找尋英國基地公司,如英航等 三. Part One寫作(概述與方式) 問題共點(diǎn)概述: l Write a Short Report l Write 120-140 Words l Describe the movements (Charts or graphs) l At least one chart (Line, Bar and Pie) 解題總思路:(Accomplish In Four Steps) I. Reading ...................................讀題(歸納圖表主要內(nèi)容) II. Organizing ...............................訂框架(根據(jù)模板、例句完成文章主要部分) III. Conclusion ...............................客觀總結(jié)(僅歸納最顯而易見的客觀聯(lián)系) IV. Checking ..................................檢查(拼寫、語法及其他錯(cuò)誤) 文章基本框架:(Basic Structure) l Introduction ..............................簡要介紹題目,歸納圖表主要內(nèi)容 l Findings ...................................說明圖表中數(shù)據(jù)走勢,趨勢和變化 l Conclusion ...............................圖表、數(shù)字簡最客觀聯(lián)系 寫作要點(diǎn): l 直接了當(dāng)進(jìn)入主題 l 抓住數(shù)據(jù)特點(diǎn),突出變化趨勢,進(jìn)行對比 l 建議寫作中使用小標(biāo)題,增強(qiáng)各段落寫作方向,條理更加清晰 分步解題: 1. 如何讀題: l 學(xué)會(huì)節(jié)省時(shí)間,速讀 l 只挑不同的內(nèi)容讀 l 歸納圖表的主要表達(dá)內(nèi)容,先中文后英文 例:Book2, Test1, Part One (以下例題部分均為此題,簡稱如上題) Question1: l The graphs below (Page 28) show the performance of a European country’s manufacturing and agricultural sectors in terms of exports and imports between 1991 and 2001. l Using the information from the graphs, write a short report describing the general movements in exports, imports and the resulting balance of trade. l Write 120-140 words. 1. 詞語不多,難度不大,閱讀時(shí)間盡量縮短 2. 斜體字部分基本為Part One慣例,可基本忽略閱讀 3. 下劃線部分為題目“不同內(nèi)容”所在,亦是表格的主要內(nèi)容 4. 根據(jù)題目要求和圖表內(nèi)容“再造”下劃線部分 如:表格描述的是歐洲某國工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)在1991到2001年間進(jìn)出口情況,而后將此句子翻譯為英文即可。(The two charts describe one European country’s manufacturing and agricultural performance in exports and imports parts during 1991 and 2001.) 2. 如何訂框架:Basic Structure基本框架(見上頁) A. Introduction Part:簡要介紹題目、圖表內(nèi)容,基本內(nèi)容如上英文表達(dá),即先根據(jù)題目和圖表歸納出中文內(nèi)容,后將其內(nèi)容翻譯成英文即可成為開始部分。適當(dāng)將上句進(jìn)行修改為: l The aim of the report is to summarize the changes of one European country’s agricultural and manufacturing sectors’ exports and imports performance during 1991 and 2001. l 下劃線部分為Introduction部分模板句型,其他句型還有: l The … chart ( or graph ) shows \ displays \ outlines \ describes \ summaries \ indicates \ reflects … . l This is a report about …. l As we can see \ learn from the chart (or graph) …. l The aim of the report is to summarize \ describe \ outline …. l The report describes \ summaries \ outlines \ shows the change of \ in … . B. Findings Part:說明數(shù)字變化、走勢及對比數(shù)據(jù),該部分為第一部分寫作重中之重,因?yàn)樵谝环輰I(yè)的商業(yè)報(bào)告中,對于數(shù)據(jù)走勢的描寫十分重要,它可能影響某商業(yè)活動(dòng)的發(fā)展方向,通過對數(shù)據(jù)變化的描寫可以增強(qiáng)公司決策層在發(fā)展企業(yè)的正確判斷可能性。此部分也是鍛煉考生邏輯思維和縝密思考的能力。 l 既然數(shù)據(jù)走勢為重中之重,那么對于數(shù)據(jù)走勢的描寫就必須進(jìn)行積累,這里提供部分趨勢描寫詞匯或短語,可供模板使用: 1. 表示上升:Increase, go up, rise, grow, jump, climb (動(dòng)詞);An increase, a growth, a jump, an upward trend (名詞詞組) 2. 表示下降:fall, decrease, go down, slide, collapse, decline, drop (動(dòng)詞);A collapse, a decrease, a fall, a decline, a drop (名詞詞組) 3. 表示波動(dòng):from…to…, between…and…(在......之間); at the start of…, at the end of …, throughout (自始至終)…(時(shí)間);a fluctuation from … to …, fluctuate …(波動(dòng),起伏) 4. 兩個(gè)必記介詞:...to...(到某一點(diǎn)),...by...(漲了多少) 5. 最高,at the top (peak) of,最低,at the bottom of l 對比會(huì)增加考官對文章的印象,充實(shí)文章內(nèi)容的內(nèi)容;但必須注意,進(jìn)行對比時(shí)必須是同類比同類,如上題中出現(xiàn)的可能對比的類型為工業(yè)VS工業(yè),農(nóng)業(yè)VS農(nóng)業(yè);或進(jìn)口VS進(jìn)口,出口VS出口。 l 增加適當(dāng)?shù)穆?lián)詞,如關(guān)聯(lián)詞(But,However...),形容詞、副詞(Slowly,fast...)對文章的連貫性會(huì)有很好的幫助,此處提供部分關(guān)聯(lián)詞語可供模板套用: 1. 描寫程度大?。簊lightly, gradually, slowly, steadily(程度較?。籧onsiderably, dramatically, greatly, markedly, obviously, quickly, rapidly, sharply, significantly, suddenly(程度較大) 2. 表示順序:first, firstly, initially, secondly, to begin with, then, next, after, followed(-ing), at last, afterwards(以后、后來), first and foremost(首要的) 3. 表示時(shí)間:before, since, as, until, meanwhile, at the moment, when, whenever, as soon as, just as… 4. 表示對比:however, on the other hand, whether, despite, in spite of, though, although, but, otherwise, yet, instead of, rather, even though, compared with, in contrast, nevertheless, alternatively(二者選一) 5. 表示強(qiáng)調(diào):indeed, in fact, obviously, certainly, plainly, of course l 如上述模板及聯(lián)詞,該題可歸納為: A. 中文:工業(yè)在91-01年間進(jìn)口與出口上升幅度均較大,但進(jìn)口低于出口;二者基本屬于波動(dòng)上升態(tài)勢,91年最低,01年最高,進(jìn)出口最低最高值分別是......。 英文:The performance of manufacturing sector during the decay is more better than agricultural. Both exports and imports show significant upward trends, and exports act better than imports, but the distance between them is much less than the agricultural’s. The fluctuations for both sectors are steadily. The bottoms for both parts are in 1991, while the tops are in 2001. B. 中文:農(nóng)業(yè)在此區(qū)間內(nèi)雖呈現(xiàn)上升態(tài)勢,但速度沒工業(yè)快,且進(jìn)出口額度差距較大;92年前后僅出口值出現(xiàn)下滑,至94年前后恢復(fù)上升,而到99年二者又呈現(xiàn)下滑趨勢,且沒出現(xiàn)恢復(fù)狀態(tài)。 英文:On the other hand, the agricultural sectors show increased slightly during the ten years. The same as manufacturing sectors, agricultural’s exports also performed better than its imports and the gap between them is at least 3 billion dollars. Both sectors dropped during 1992 to 1994 and then rised again. The same dropping situation appeared after 1999, which marked at the top of both sectors are in 1999. l 上述英文內(nèi)容并無出現(xiàn)具體數(shù)字內(nèi)容,而十分強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)據(jù)變化趨勢。并且巧妙運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞語??忌诰毩?xí)是可適當(dāng)進(jìn)行部分趨勢描寫刪減或增加對于具體數(shù)字的描寫以便訓(xùn)練出更適合自己的文體模式。 3. 歸納: l 不要猜、不要估計(jì),直接歸納客觀聯(lián)系即可 如上題所述,其圖表內(nèi)容最類似部分即為不管農(nóng)業(yè)工業(yè),在此10年間均呈現(xiàn)上升態(tài)勢。 Both agricultural and manufacturing sectors show upward trends during the decay. l 部分關(guān)于歸納總結(jié)的詞組: A. 表示結(jié)果:as a result, as a consequence, thus, so, therefore, it follows that, eventually, then, thereby B. 表示總結(jié):in conclusion, in summary, lastly, finally, to sum up, to conclude, in short, in a word l 注意該部分需要考慮字?jǐn)?shù)限制,按上內(nèi)容(英文部分,字?jǐn)?shù)已經(jīng)超過140詞,故此處可以適當(dāng)考慮是否增加此部分);若字?jǐn)?shù)已經(jīng)超出規(guī)定字?jǐn)?shù),則不需再加任何關(guān)于歸納性語言,可在開始Introduction部分進(jìn)行一定修改即可。 4. 檢查 l 上述表達(dá)有無語法、時(shí)態(tài)或者拼寫錯(cuò)誤,根據(jù)考官一般習(xí)慣,適量的語法錯(cuò)誤和單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤可以接受,為避免可能出現(xiàn)的類似錯(cuò)誤,建議大家使用簡單的表達(dá)方式和不需要過多復(fù)雜單詞。 l 注意格式,標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),全文頂格。 l 請注意通讀文章一次以便察看是否滿足問題全部要求。 l 對于第一部分寫作時(shí)間盡可能別超過20分鐘 標(biāo)題式寫作范文模板:Book 2 Test 2 Sample A Introduction: The aim of this report is to summarise the changes ... between.... Findings: Focusing our attention on ... rose steadily over the period. A general upward trend from ... in 1990 to ... is clearly recognisable. On the other hand, the average price of ... totalled in 1990, but in 1995 it increased repidly reaching a peak of ... In 2000, the price fell to ... however more than the minimum price in 1990. Conclusion: As we can be seen from both graphs ... did not show the same characteristics as total.... 模板的使用需要自己進(jìn)行一定的練習(xí),可以根據(jù)一些公司股票走勢、國家某些數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)進(jìn)行練習(xí)。 BEC考試中圖表的考試均來自真實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)和圖表,故一定的積累練習(xí)會(huì)減少考試精神壓力。 四、 Part Two寫作(概述) 問題共點(diǎn)概述: l 200-250 words l All report to a higher rank officer (managing director, head of department) l All questions have at least 3 requests l No more data 問題特點(diǎn): l 三道題目選一 1. A business report(商業(yè)報(bào)告) 2. A business Letter(商業(yè)信函) 3. A business proposal(商業(yè)計(jì)劃) l 涉及行業(yè)主要為之前介紹的微觀部分 1. 綜合管理類(General Management):主要涉及公司內(nèi)部管理、協(xié)調(diào)、運(yùn)作某組織、項(xiàng)目等多功能的綜合學(xué)科,目標(biāo)是使項(xiàng)目、企業(yè)、組織運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)更高效。題目一般包含制度建設(shè)、規(guī)章完善、部門建設(shè)擴(kuò)展等內(nèi)容,例題如Book2 Test1 2. 人力資源(Human Resources):人所具有的腦力和體力勞動(dòng)總合,包括管理和協(xié)調(diào)其相關(guān)內(nèi)容。題目一般包含公司內(nèi)部員工情況、教育發(fā)展、晉級、士氣等內(nèi)容,例題如Book2 Test2 3. 市場類(Marketing):主要指商業(yè)活動(dòng)中商業(yè)交易中的各項(xiàng)行為,如交易、銷售、營銷、市場擴(kuò)展等,目的在于增加企業(yè)收入。題目一般包含市場銷售、分公司建設(shè)、會(huì)展、開拓業(yè)務(wù)等內(nèi)容,例題如Book2 Test4 l 需要更加縝密的邏輯和商業(yè)思維,需要提出建議或者意見,并且可行 l 同第一部分不同,模板只能運(yùn)用于框架制訂,具體句子需要考生自行完成 解題總思路:(Accomplish In Five Steps) 1. Reading 讀題,根據(jù)自己實(shí)際能力進(jìn)行三選一,歸納問題要點(diǎn) 2. Head&Feet First ................................根據(jù)模板或者問題歸納出的要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行開頭和結(jié)尾部分描寫,簡單框架或者中文即可 3. Organizing ..........................................框架制定,根據(jù)問題進(jìn)行“矩陣”列表,而后拓展矩陣中要點(diǎn)成為句子 4. Combining ..........................................靈活運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞或詞組將各句子串聯(lián),并適當(dāng)修改開始和結(jié)尾部分 5. Checking .............................................檢查,語法、單詞拼寫有無錯(cuò)誤,商業(yè)觀點(diǎn)有無重大紕漏,問題要點(diǎn)有無涵蓋 注意:此部分內(nèi)容需要實(shí)際并且可行的商業(yè)思維運(yùn)用,故建議考生多閱讀關(guān)于上述三行業(yè)中的內(nèi)容及案例。 五、 Part Two (Report寫作方式) Business Report: 1. To give a description of the business activites, including buying, selling, services and company’s functions or information about these to someone or some groups. 2. Focus on summarizing the problems and giving solutions. 文章基本框架(Basic Structure): 1. Introduction ..................................同第一部分寫作內(nèi)容,歸納、總起全文及介紹報(bào)告主要內(nèi)容 2. Findings ........................................說明問題,闡明問題發(fā)生原因 3. Recommendations ........................分析問題解決方法,提出建議 4. Conclusion .....................................使用該建議的效果或其他可能性,歸納全文 寫作要點(diǎn): 1. 簡潔明了,快速切入主題(同第一部分寫作要求) 2. 制訂框架盡快完善要點(diǎn) 3. 所提意見或建議必須可行性高 分步解題: 1. 如何讀題: l 同第一部分,快速瀏覽相同部分,選擇其中一問題作答 l 快速歸納問題內(nèi)容,整理出全文開始部分(Introduction) l 抓住問題要點(diǎn)迅速運(yùn)用積累知識(shí)做出擴(kuò)展 例:Book2, Test2,Part Two Report Part Question1: l You have recently attended the following one-day courses: 1. Developing Your Potential 2. Trends in Electronic Commerce 3. Managing People 4. Reducing Costs Your company’s Training Mnager has asked you to write a short report about the training. l Write the report for the Training Manager: 1. Describing the two courses which you found most useful 2. Explaining how you benefited from them 3. Outlining the specfic training courses you would like to attend next year 4. Giving reasons why these courses would be useful to you l 問題概述: 1. 斜體字部分基本未第二部分均會(huì)出現(xiàn)重復(fù)內(nèi)容,讀題是可以迅速略過 2. 粗體下劃線部分為問題的主要內(nèi)容,需要認(rèn)真閱讀 3. 從題目可以得出此報(bào)告需要考生寫一篇關(guān)于人力的文章 4. 文章的主要內(nèi)容: 中文:你參加的一次培訓(xùn)課程和你對本課程的意見或建議 英文:Summarizing the one-day training course you have just attended and give advice or recommendations. (此種歸納在問題中有出現(xiàn)類似句子,適當(dāng)將其修改即可) 5. 針對題目進(jìn)行選擇,一般在報(bào)告中市場科目題目易于發(fā)揮,且難度相對較低 2.如何定首尾:Basic Structure基本框架(見上頁) A. 先制定首尾有利于寫作的大致方向,且在第一部分訓(xùn)練中關(guān)于Introduction部分的模板已經(jīng)給出,直接根據(jù)問題就可以寫出開始部分 B. Introduction Part:歸納問題所提主要內(nèi)容(如上黑體下劃線句子,但必須將句子進(jìn)行一定修改),開門見山直接進(jìn)入正題, 根據(jù)問題,此文章開頭必須包含兩點(diǎn)內(nèi)容: 1. 歸納總結(jié)培訓(xùn)課 2. 提出建議或意見 3. 將上黑體下劃線表達(dá)進(jìn)行修改 修改前:Summarizing the one-day training course you have just attended and give advice or recommendations. 修改后:The report is about the one-day course I have attended and raise some feasible recommendations for a better training course. (斜體下劃線部分為第一部分所用模板句型,后部分需要根據(jù)問題進(jìn)行一定修改,但不需使用過多復(fù)雜單詞,達(dá)意即可) 其他表達(dá)方式:The aim of the report is to summarize the one-day course and recommend some more subjects for a better one. 注意: l 問題中有包含起始部分主要內(nèi)容,需要針對問題進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié) l 模板可以沿用第一部分開始表達(dá): The aim of the report is to.... The report is to summarize... l 切記直接進(jìn)入主題,不需任何寒暄表達(dá) C. Ending Part(Conclusion):歸納文章,初步考慮所提建議或者意見會(huì)達(dá)到什么效果,或有何其他可能性,歸納語言同樣簡潔 如此文章,既然開頭已經(jīng)訂出兩個(gè)目標(biāo),結(jié)尾部分可以作為回應(yīng)起始部分進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié): 1. 培訓(xùn)課不錯(cuò),應(yīng)該繼續(xù) 2. 建議加入的新課程會(huì)增加培訓(xùn)課實(shí)用性,對員工和公司都有利 根據(jù)上述要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行簡單翻譯: The training course should be continued, but it should contain the recommend subjects which would benfit for both the employee and company. l 將此句子暫時(shí)記住或者記住關(guān)鍵詞語(黑體下劃線),因?yàn)椴还芴岷畏N意見,最終結(jié)果都是需要對公司和員工有幫助(這就是強(qiáng)調(diào)意見可行性的原因)。 l 結(jié)尾部分歸納盡量回應(yīng)起始部分,做到有始有終 l 一般考生在寫完文章主題部分后都會(huì)有新的觀點(diǎn)去歸納全文,故此處建議大家暫時(shí)先記錄關(guān)鍵詞語即可,記錄關(guān)鍵詞語將有利于考生寫作方向 3. 如何定框架:基本框架(Basic Structure) l 框架的制定可根據(jù)問題提出的要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分段描寫 l BEC考試的問題要點(diǎn)描述很清晰,將有助于考生在寫作時(shí)根據(jù)其問題進(jìn)行分段描述,如上題,問題要求四點(diǎn): a. 描述你認(rèn)為最有用的兩門學(xué)科 b. 解釋你從這兩門學(xué)科有何收益 c. 闡述明年你還想?yún)⒓雍畏N類型培訓(xùn) d. 解釋為何這些培訓(xùn)對你有幫助 l 從問題看出,a,b可以作為一段,講述已經(jīng)參加課程的情況,即基本框架中對應(yīng)的Findings部分(提出問題,解釋問題) l c,d可以作為一段,提出對今后培訓(xùn)課程的更改,即基本框架中對應(yīng)的Recommendations部分(提出建議) l 由上述內(nèi)容可以看出,定框架實(shí)際就是定文章的主體部分,則 Findings:歸納培訓(xùn)課程,出現(xiàn)什么問題,什么最好,有什么好處 Recommendations:提出新課程,為什么加入新課程,有什么獲益 l 段落一經(jīng)分好,則可以根據(jù)四個(gè)已有學(xué)科進(jìn)行思考(發(fā)掘潛能、電子商務(wù)、員工管理、降低成本),我們將根據(jù)上一點(diǎn)內(nèi)容(斜體下劃線)進(jìn)行表格制定(請注意,此處表格制定可以運(yùn)用于今后Letter和Proposal寫作),根據(jù)斜體部分,可以制訂出兩個(gè)表格,one for Findings, the other for Recommendations l 根據(jù)上述內(nèi)容設(shè)定表格框架(問題已經(jīng)基本幫助大家設(shè)定好,故此處只需做好積累和補(bǔ)充擴(kuò)展即可) l Findings: (Sample) Subject Keep or Not Advantages Benefits Potential Not Might help the new staff None E-commerce Keep Developing Market New ideas M-People Not Same as Potential None Reducing Cost Keep Systematically knowledge Solving cost problems l 根據(jù)上文,作者給出的例子是將電子商務(wù)和成本管理課程保留,因?yàn)榇瞬糠謨?nèi)容較為發(fā)揮且確實(shí)有用。 l 上述主要觀點(diǎn)已經(jīng)表述,則將此觀點(diǎn)造句即可: Findings: According to the training course, Developing Potential and Managing People are specific subjects of Human-Resources which have little help for the Marketing Department. But Electronic Commerce does take me into a new world of selling products. As the high-technology developing, we should study more in this field, because it does stand for the trend of selling and buying products in the future. Beisdes, since our department’s cost keeps increasing in the last three years, the Reducing Cost should be also kept in the future. After taking the course, I have realized that some of our cost subjects are really a waste of money. This course will guide us into a systematically management of the cost control. a. 上述段落僅供參考 b. 文段包含兩大部分內(nèi)容,一是直接排出兩門課程(因?yàn)椴粚?shí)用),二是提出保留兩門課程(電子商務(wù)和成本控制),因?yàn)槭艿絾l(fā)和有實(shí)質(zhì)性意義 c. 注意表達(dá)中并無過多復(fù)雜詞匯,但可以適當(dāng)增加第一部分所提及關(guān)聯(lián)詞語以增加連貫性 l Recommendations: New Subjects Advantages Benefits Operation Management Scientific Production-line building Reducing Cost Increaing Effeciency Advertising Media Publishing Advertisement More market share Increasing Profit ... ... ... l 既然在Findings中提出該部門為市場部,則可以選擇市場相關(guān)的一些科目 l 其目的最終在于創(chuàng)收或者降低成本,即表格中所涉及受益內(nèi)容 l 完善上述觀點(diǎn),造句即可 Recommendations: To earn more and take more market share, I recommend Operation Management and Advertising instead of Developing Potential and Managing People. Operation Management should help in our production-line building, which would help us to produce more effeciency and to reduce maintain cost against the old production-line. Adversting is focusing on our market share expansion. Our formal adversting only published in the newspaper, which cannot follow the new demand of our new product. We can learn from the subject on how to expand our publishing methods and should make a better profit from now. a. 上述文段僅供參考 b. 文段主要內(nèi)容為提出新課程,并且分析提出該課程原因及受益 c. 注意此部分提議內(nèi)容必須可行,從公司出發(fā),從個(gè)人出發(fā) 4. 組合成文章: l 將以上英文描寫部分進(jìn)行串聯(lián)即可 l 注意使用部分美觀連詞 l 可以加入小標(biāo)題(如同第一部分),可增強(qiáng)方向性,并且可讓考官清楚地看到此部分的主要內(nèi)容 l 例: Topic: Report on Training Course Introduction: The report is about the one-day course I have attended and raise some feasible recommendations for a better training course. Findings: According to the training course, Developing Potential and Managing People are specific subjects of Human-Resources which have little help for the Marketing Department. But Electronic Commerce does take me into a new world of selling products. As the high-technology developing, we should study more in this field, because it does stand for the trend of selling and buying products in the future. Beisdes, since our department’s cost keeps increasing in the last three years, the Reducing Cost should be also kept in the future. After taking the course, I have realized that some of our cost subjects are really a waste of money. This course will guide us into a systematically management of the cost control. Recommendations: To earn more and take more market share, I recommend Operation Management and Advertising instead of Developing Potential and Managing People. Operation Management should help in our production-line building, which would help us to produce more effeciency and to reduce maintain cost against the old production-line. Adversting is focusing on our market share expansion. Our formal adversting only published in the newspaper, which cannot follow the new demand of our new product. We can learn from the subject on how to expand our publishing methods and should make a better profit from now. Conclusion:The training course should be continued, but it should contain the recommend subjects which would benfit for both the employee and company. l 全文總字?jǐn)?shù)為265(含大小標(biāo)題) l 可根據(jù)需要進(jìn)行小量修改即可,如結(jié)尾部分,不需重復(fù)課程是否再開,可以直接強(qiáng)調(diào)新課程會(huì)對公司和員工都有益即可(The course should help more after the adjustment, which would benfit for both the employee and the company.) l 適當(dāng)進(jìn)行相關(guān)訓(xùn)練以增強(qiáng)此種解題方式感覺 5. 檢查: l 單詞拼寫有無錯(cuò)誤 l 語法、時(shí)態(tài)使用是否得當(dāng) l 各段落內(nèi)容是否包含問題所有內(nèi)容 l 字?jǐn)?shù)勿超太多,檢查過程中可以做一定刪改 l 盡量保持卷面美觀(勿修改過多) l 時(shí)間足夠,勿著急 四. 五. 六. Part Two (Proposal寫作方式) Business Proposal: 1. Almost the same as the business report’s description, but proposal focuses on more feasible recommendations 2. Basic Structure is acceptable, another structure called SWOT Analysis is also recommended. 文章基本框架(Basic Structure): 1. Introduction 2. Findings 3. Recommendations 4. Conclusion 新框架(SWOT Analysis): 1. S:Strength 2. W:Weakness 3. O:Oppotunity 4. T:Threats l S&W focus on the internal, while the others focus on the external l Fashionable Structure in BEC and nowadays, focus on giving solutions for the future l Compared to Basic Structure, the new one would be much easier in answering the quesions with four certained parts 寫作要點(diǎn): 1. 簡潔明了(同第一部分及報(bào)告部分) 2. 段落清晰,方向明確 3. 需要更多商業(yè)思維及可行性意見 4. 問題中出現(xiàn)的人力或市場類題目居多,利用SWOT寫作容易制定框架并且便于發(fā)揮(難度與報(bào)告類基本類似) 分步解體: 1. 如何讀題: 如同Report,Proposal也有相同內(nèi)容,如下題:(Book2,Test1,Part2) l Your Managing Director has decided that the company’s website should be improved and has asked you to consider ways of going about this. l Write a proposal for the Managing Director: a) Summarising the strengths and weaknesses of the current website b) Suggesting new services and information to be provided through the website c) Explaining the benefits the improvements would bring l 問題中斜線部分為重復(fù)內(nèi)容,可以略過速讀 l 黑體下劃線部分為重要部分,但Proposal一般只包含市場和人力類題目,類似此題即為一市場類題目 l 歸納題目要點(diǎn),此文應(yīng)該為一篇描述“關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)的計(jì)劃書“,則英文為:The proposal is about the website building. l 另外本文主要要旨有兩點(diǎn),一個(gè)是歸納總結(jié)現(xiàn)有優(yōu)勢、劣勢;另外一個(gè)是提出相關(guān)意見或建議(開頭部分使用,詳見第2點(diǎn),定首尾)。 2. 定首尾: l 根據(jù)第1點(diǎn)中所提,文章的兩個(gè)主旨應(yīng)該包含歸納總結(jié)和提出建議,且問題已經(jīng)包含優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的歸納和對于將來改進(jìn)的目標(biāo),則起始部分可以以歸納文章主要內(nèi)容為主, 中文:該計(jì)劃書內(nèi)容包含兩點(diǎn),一個(gè)是歸納目前網(wǎng)站優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),二是根據(jù)缺點(diǎn)提出建議。 英文:The purpose of this proposal is to summarise the situation of the current website and to give some feasible recommendations for it. 1. 如上述英文部分(僅供參考),黑體下劃線部分如同第一部分及報(bào)告類開頭句型,而斜體部分則包含此文章的兩個(gè)主旨內(nèi)容,歸納和提議。 2. 文字依然趨向簡單明了,不需過多華麗詞語,達(dá)意即可 l 結(jié)尾部分可以依據(jù)問題或已經(jīng)歸納的要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行揣測,問題需要的是建設(shè)一個(gè)更好的網(wǎng)站,結(jié)尾部分就應(yīng)該包含類似語句,或可以理解為,通過提議,該網(wǎng)站會(huì)有什么更好的發(fā)展,而后將此翻譯成英文即可。 中文:在吸取該提議后,網(wǎng)站將會(huì)更商業(yè)化,公司盈利也會(huì)增加。 英文:After taking the recommendations, the websites would operate more profitable. 1. 將此句子暫時(shí)做部分關(guān)鍵詞語記錄即可,因?yàn)樵谡矫鑼懼黧w部分時(shí)可能有適當(dāng)修改 2. 不管如何修改,一個(gè)企業(yè)的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)最終目的是為了追求效益最大化,故此結(jié)果基本可以適用于任何市場類題目 3. 如何定框架: l 根據(jù)SWOT四個(gè)部分,分別制定四個(gè)框架 Strength Strength Reason Stable More fluent Functional Unique Weakness Weakness Reason Unprofitable Too Functional to read Strength Oppotunity Reason Market still increasing More consumer enter the area Cooperate with some commercial websites Profitable Threat Threat Reason Entering level is low Two programmers and PC can found the same web New supporting software Update often a. 根據(jù)上述觀點(diǎn)(僅供參考),可以看出,本網(wǎng)站目前已有的優(yōu)勢是專業(yè)性強(qiáng),運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定;劣勢是盈利差;根據(jù)其可能發(fā)展的規(guī)??磥?,其潛在機(jī)會(huì)在于目前該網(wǎng)站發(fā)展市場前景依然很大,并且有可能與部分商業(yè)運(yùn)營性質(zhì)網(wǎng)站合作以增強(qiáng)盈利;但其潛在威脅在于入門條件低,僅需專業(yè)的編程人員即可組建類似網(wǎng)站,且更新軟件需要及時(shí)。 b. 由上述中文歸納觀點(diǎn),已經(jīng)基本包含問題內(nèi)容,前兩點(diǎn)偏向于歸納目前優(yōu)劣勢;后兩點(diǎn)偏向提建議,趨向今后網(wǎng)站發(fā)展。 c. 在SWOT分析過程中,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)優(yōu)勢與劣勢并存的狀態(tài),在訓(xùn)練過程中注意將突出企業(yè)特有的優(yōu)勢部分。 d. 將此部分翻譯成英文大致為: Strengths Th- 1.請仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對于不預(yù)覽、不比對內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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