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Ⅰ.重點(diǎn)單詞聚焦 1．The organization came into________(存在，出現(xiàn)) 10 years ago. 答案： existence 2．Few of the early manuscripts (手稿) have been________(保存)． 答案： preserved 3．Potatoes turn green when________(暴露) to light. 答案： exposed,4．I________(許諾) to teach the children English. 答案： undertook 5．The school sees its job as preparing students to make a________(貢獻(xiàn)) to society. 答案： contribution 6．This rare bird has become an________(瀕危的) species. 答案： endangered,7．Progress has been made towards a political________(妥協(xié)) between the two nations. 答案： compromise 8．There is a general________(意識) that smoking is harmful. 答案： awareness 9．You are infinitely________(珍貴的) to me，my child. 答案： precious 10．On the table were the________(剩余物) of the evening meal. 答案： remains,Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語掃描 1． 除……之外 2． 獲準(zhǔn)；經(jīng)過程序；經(jīng)歷 3． 使某人想起…… 4． 受……支配 5． 因……而受到尊敬,apart from,go through,remind sb.of sth.,at the mercy of,be honoured for,6． 作為回報；反過來 7． 對……有貢獻(xiàn)；有助于 8． 以防；萬一 9． 就……達(dá)成一致，取得一致意見 10． 只要；長達(dá)，和……一樣長,in return,contribute to,in case,agree on,as long as,Ⅲ.課文原句突破 1．Some areas are almost completely________in weeds，________serious damage.不少地方雜草叢生，破敗不堪。 答案： covered；causing 2．They are a precious part of our cultural heritage—it is________ ________ ________that we do something.它們是我們文化遺產(chǎn)中極其寶貴的部分——因此我們采取行動就顯得尤其重要。 答案： of vital importance,3．They________ ________that the general public________ ________to ________ ________the problem. 他們建議鼓勵公眾來幫助解決這一問題。 答案： have suggested；be encouraged；help with 4．With more than 50 million Chinese________ ________ ________ ________，the Mid-Autumn Festival reminds them of their Chinese origins and would help to unite Chinese people all over the world. 包括在海外工作和生活的五千多萬中國人在內(nèi)，中秋節(jié)使他們想到自己的中國血統(tǒng)并且有助于全世界的中國人團(tuán)結(jié)一致。 答案： living and working overseas,contribute v．促成；捐助；貢獻(xiàn) (教材原句P73)Pollution from nearby cement factories has also contributed to the problem. 附近水泥廠產(chǎn)生的污染對此也難逃其咎。,(1)contribute to促成；有助于；為……作貢獻(xiàn) contribute.to/towards sth.向……捐贈；向……投稿 (2)contribution n．貢獻(xiàn)；捐獻(xiàn)；捐助；稿件 make a contribution to/make contributions to對……作出貢獻(xiàn),①Though he is not very rich，he contributes ten pounds to a charity collection every month.盡管他自己也不是很富有，可他每月都捐獻(xiàn)十英鎊給一個慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。 ②Does smoking contribute to lung cancer？吸煙會導(dǎo)致肺癌嗎？ ③He has made great contributions to the space development program.他對太空發(fā)展計劃有很大的貢獻(xiàn)。,巧學(xué)助記,Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A reporter wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper. 許多人給那個可憐的男孩捐款，使他可以重返校園。一位記者寫了一篇關(guān)于此事的故事并把它投到報社。,1.(2011·鹽城模擬)Your hard work________your great progress in English. A．contributed to B．resulted from C．depended on D．lied in 解析： 考查動詞短語辨析。句意為：你的刻苦學(xué)習(xí)促進(jìn)了你英語水平的極大進(jìn)步。contribute to促成，有助于，符合句意。result from源于；depend on依賴；lie in在于。 答案： A,recommend v．建議；勸告；推薦；介紹 (教材原句P73)They have recommended that the site be closed and repaired.他們提議關(guān)閉這個遺址并進(jìn)行維修。,,①Therefore I recommend myself to you without hesitation. 因此，我毫不猶豫地向你推薦我自己。 ②The teacher recommended us to buy an English-English dictionary.老師建議我們買英英詞典。 ③I recommended him as a manager.我推薦他當(dāng)經(jīng)理。 ④It’s recommended that all children (should) be treated equally.有人建議對待所有的孩子都應(yīng)該一視同仁。 ⑤He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie. 他建議先看這本書，再去看這部電影。,2.(2010·福建卷)Teachers recommend parents________their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. A．not allow B．do not allow C．mustn’t allow D．couldn’t allow 解析： 句意為：為了安全起見，老師建議家長不要讓12歲以下的孩子騎自行車上學(xué)。本題考查虛擬語氣用法。recommed，suggest，insist，order，request，advise等表“建議、命令、要求”等意思的動詞，后接賓語從句時，賓語從句的謂語動詞常用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。 答案： A,compromise n．妥協(xié)；和解；折衷；v.妥協(xié)；讓步；違背，放棄,,①After lengthy talks the two sides finally reached a compromise.雙方經(jīng)過長期的商談終于達(dá)成了妥協(xié)。 ②Most important of all，it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement.最重要的是，通過相互妥協(xié)相互協(xié)商來作決定總是明智的。 ③In my view，it’s wise of you to compromise with her. 以我看來，你和她妥協(xié)是明智之舉。 ④In order to live in harmony，sometimes you need to make compromises.為了和諧地生活，有時你需要做出讓步。 ⑤We are not prepared to compromise on safety standards. 我們不愿在安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)問題上妥協(xié)。,3.Encourage your children to reach a(n)________between what he wants and what you want. A．a(chǎn)chievement B．a(chǎn)ppointment C．compromise D．a(chǎn)daptation 解析： reach a compromise達(dá)成了妥協(xié)。 答案： C,ignore vt.不理睬；忽視 (教材原句P83)Older people are easily forgotten or ignored in a country like the USA. 在美國這樣的一個國家里，老年人很容易被忘記或忽略。 ①He can’t ignore the boy’s rudeness any longer. 這個男孩粗暴無禮，他再也不能不聞不問了。,②He ignored all the “No smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette. 他無視所有“禁止吸煙”的標(biāo)語，點(diǎn)了支香煙。 ③I said hello to her，but she ignored me! 我跟她打招呼，她卻不理我！ ④The driver ignored the traffic light，so he was in trouble. 那個司機(jī)不理會紅綠燈，因此他陷入困境。,4.—So you didn’t say “hello” to him last night? —Well，I stopped and smiled when I saw him，but he__________________________ me and walked on. A．ignored B．refused C．denied D．lost 解析： 句意為：當(dāng)我看見他時我停下來對他微笑，但他不理睬我繼續(xù)往前走。ignore 不理，符合句意。refuse 拒絕；deny 否認(rèn)，否定；lose丟失，均不合題意。 答案： A,apart from除……之外 (教材原句P74)Apart from providing warmth，what was fire used for？除了提供溫暖之外，火是用來做什么的？ ①Apart from you，I had no one to talk to.(相當(dāng)于but/except) 除了你，我再也沒有可交談的人了。 ②Apart from a few faults，he is a respectable teacher.(相當(dāng)于except for)除幾個缺點(diǎn)外，他是個值得尊敬的老師。 ③This essay is good apart from a couple of spelling mistakes. 除了有些拼寫錯誤，這篇文章寫得不錯。,in addition to相當(dāng)于介詞besides，表示“除……以外還”。 ④In addition to giving a general introduction to computers，the course also provide practical experience. 課程除了介紹一般電腦知識之外，還提供實際操作的機(jī)會。,5.(2010·杭州學(xué)軍中學(xué)模擬)________its low cost，the appeal of iron as a building material lies in its strength，its resistance to fire，and its potential to span vast areas. A．Other than B．Apart from C．Except for D．Rather than 解析： 句意為：除了低成本外，對作為建筑材料的鐵的需求在于其自身的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，耐火性以及在其他廣泛領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用潛能。apart from在此處相當(dāng)于介詞besides，符合語意。other than除了；except for除……以外，rather than勝于，均不符合語意。 答案： B,6．She knows nothing about her new neighbor________he moved into the building last Sunday. A．except that B．except C．a(chǎn)part from D．besides 解析： 此題考查except后跟賓語從句的用法，except后連詞不可省略。 答案： A,remind.of.提醒某人某事 (教材原句P81)With more than 50 million Chinese living and working overseas，the Mid-Autumn Festival reminds them of their Chinese origins and would help to unite Chinese people all over the world.包括在海外工作和生活的五千多萬中國人在內(nèi)，中秋節(jié)使他們想到自己的中國血統(tǒng)并且有助于全世界的中國人團(tuán)結(jié)一致。,,①The old picture hang on the wall reminded me of my companions of childhood.墻上掛的那張老照片使我想起了我童年的伙伴。 ②Remind me to phone Mary before I go out. 提醒我在出去之前給瑪麗打電話。 ③Can someone remind me what I should do next? 誰能告訴我下一步該做什么好不好？,7.(2009·福建卷)________not to miss the flight at 15∶20，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A．Reminding B．Reminded C．To remind D．Having reminded 解析： 考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞作狀語，邏輯主語是句子的主語the manager，非謂語動詞與句子主語是被動關(guān)系，且其表示的動作在謂語動詞set out之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生，非謂語動詞用過去分詞，選B項。 答案： B,8．Every time I saw the hat，it________me of the tour I made years ago. A．mentioned B．reminded C．informed D．memorized 解析： 考查動詞辨析。句意為：每當(dāng)我看到那頂帽子，它就使我想起幾年前的那次旅游。remind sb.of sth.意為“使某人想起；提醒某人某事”；inform sb.of sth.意為“告知某人某事”；其余兩項均無此搭配。 答案： B,go through經(jīng)歷(困難、痛苦等)；仔細(xì)檢查；順利完成；(法律、議案等)被正式通過或接受；用光，消耗某物 結(jié)合下面例句，體會go through的不同意義。 ①The poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died.[經(jīng)歷(痛苦)] ②My application for a visa went through at last.(批準(zhǔn)，接受) ③Dave went through his pockets looking for the keys.(仔細(xì)檢查) ④The boys went through two whole loaves of bread.(吃光，用光),go ahead走到前面；繼續(xù)前進(jìn)；進(jìn)展；干吧，說吧 go against違背 go by(指時間)過去，消逝 go in for喜歡，愛好 go over復(fù)習(xí)；仔細(xì)檢查，核對 go without忍受某事物的缺乏；沒有某事物也可應(yīng)付,9.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕椤⒏痹~填空： ①We can’t afford a holiday，so we’ll just have to go________. ②I don’t go________skating. ③Never let a good opportunity go________. ④Let’s go________the whole thing again from the beginning. 答案： ①without ②in for ③by ④through,in return反過來；作為回報；作為交換 (教材原句P81)In return，UNESCO recognises the autonomy of provincial，federal and state cultural organisations，but offers support and guidance when requested. 反過來說，聯(lián)合國教科文組織認(rèn)可各省、聯(lián)邦政府及州文化組織的自主權(quán)，但是在接到請求時會提供支持和引導(dǎo)。,(1)in return for.作為對……的回報 on one’s return某人一回來(就……) return address回信地址 (2)return to normal恢復(fù)正常,①I’d like to buy you a meal in return for all your hospitality. 我想請你吃飯來報答你的盛情好客。 ②She gave us food and clothing and asked for nothing in return. 她給了我們食物和衣服，沒有要求任何回報。 ③On his return from Germany，he was promoted to Colonel. 他從德國一回來就被晉升為上校。 ④Interest rates were cut，and in turn，share prices rose. 利率下降了，因而股票價格漲了。,10.(2010·岳陽模擬)A clean environment can help a city bid for the Olympics，which________will promote its economic development. A．in nature B．in turn C．in return D．in fact 解析： 考查介詞短語辨析。句意為：清潔的環(huán)境可以幫助一個城市申辦奧運(yùn)會，反過來又會促進(jìn)該城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。in nature事實上，本質(zhì)上；in fact事實上；in turn反過來，因而；in return作為回報。結(jié)合句意，B項最佳。 答案： B,(教材原句P73)Some areas are almost completely covered in weeds，causing serious damage. 不少地方雜草叢生，破敗不堪。,(1)causing serious damage是現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后，與句子的主干之間含有邏輯上的因果關(guān)系，往往帶有必然性。它須放在句子之后，用逗號隔開。 (2)現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示一種必然的結(jié)果。 不定式作結(jié)果狀語，往往表示主語未曾預(yù)料到的結(jié)果，尤其是不愉快的結(jié)果。不定式前往往有only提示。,①This kind of fish can eat a person in two minutes，leaving only the bones.這種魚能在兩分鐘內(nèi)吃掉一個人，只留下一堆骨頭。 ②The train was held up by the snowstorm，thus causing the delay.這列火車由于暴風(fēng)雪而被阻擋，因此晚點(diǎn)了。 ③He dropped the glass，breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子弄掉了，結(jié)果摔得粉碎。 ④He hurried to the station only to be told the train had already left.他匆忙趕往車站，結(jié)果被告知火車已經(jīng)開走了。,11.(2011·江蘇宿遷調(diào)研)The return of snow and freezing weather in the south blocked about 14,000 km of roads，________more than 12,000 passengers on Sunday alone. A．to delay B．delaying C．having delayed D．delayed,解析： 句意為：南方的大雪及冰冷天氣的再次出現(xiàn)使大約14 000千米的公路受阻，僅僅星期天一天就有12 000多名乘客因此而耽擱了行程。前面整個句子所描述的內(nèi)容是delay的邏輯主語，二者之間是主動關(guān)系，只能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，delay這個動作又是后發(fā)生的，所以排除了C項。 答案： B,Ⅰ.完成句子 1．英語對我們來說至關(guān)重要。 English is____________________________to us. 答案： of great importance 2．這個國家經(jīng)歷了太多的曲折。 The country has________________too many ups and downs. 答案： gone through,3．剩下的那五個孩子是我的學(xué)生。 The____________________________were my students. 答案： remaining five children 4．這個問題很容易理解。 This question is_______________________________________. 答案： easy to understand 5．他的解釋有助于我們對這個難題的理解。 His explanation________________our understanding of the difficult problem. 答案： contributed to,Ⅱ.易錯模塊 1．You will be successful in the interview________you have confidence. A．before B．once C．until D．though,解析： 考查狀語從句的連詞用法。句意為：只要你有信心，你一定會在面試中成功的。once 引導(dǎo)帶有條件性質(zhì)的狀語從句，表示“一旦；如果”，為正確選項。before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“在……之前”；until引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“直到……(才)”；though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管”，均不合題意。 答案： B,2．________environmental damage is done，it takes many years for the ecosystem (生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) to recover. A．Even if B．If only C．While D．Once 解析： 考查連詞辨析。句意為：一旦環(huán)境遭到破壞，要花費(fèi)好多年才能恢復(fù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。once一旦……；even if 即使；if only但愿……就好了；while當(dāng)……的時候；盡管。 答案： D,3．He is rather difficult to make friends with，but the friendship of his，________，is more true than any other. A．once gained B．when to gain C．a(chǎn)s gained D．while gaining 解析： 從句意看，這里用once 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，用省略形式，相當(dāng)于once (it is) gained。 答案： A,Ⅲ.語法專練 本單元語法——地點(diǎn)、條件、讓步狀語從句 1．How can you expect him to make any progress________you never give him a chance to have a try? A．when B．unless C．even though D．until 解析： 考查連詞。when在這里表示“既然，考慮到”，符合語意。句意為：既然你從來不給他機(jī)會去嘗試，你怎么能期望他取得進(jìn)步呢？ 答案： A,2．________man，animals become indifferent to their young________their young can look after themselves. A．Like；once B．Like；if C．Unlike；before D．Unlike；as soon as 解析： 第一空如果選擇like，則與常理不符，由此可以排除A、B兩項，C項中的before不符合邏輯，因此D項正確。句意為：與人類不同的是，動物在自己的后代一旦能夠獨(dú)立生活時，便不再給予關(guān)心。 答案： D,3．I’ll bring some medicine just________some of us get sick while travelling. A．a(chǎn)s if B．in case C．even though D．a(chǎn)s long as 解析： as if表示“好像”；in case表示“以防”；even though表示“盡管”；as long as表示“只要”。根據(jù)語意可知，B項正確。句意為：我將帶一些藥物，以防旅游時我們中有人生病。 答案： B,4．(2011·龍巖檢測)My mother likes everything in order，and she always reminds us to put things back________we get them from. A．so that B．in which C．once D．where 解析： 考查狀語從句。where we get them from是地點(diǎn)狀語從句。 答案： D,5．(2011·濰坊檢測)________you’ve experienced it，you can’t understand how I felt. A．Once B．Because C．Unless D．While 解析： 考查狀語從句。句意為：如果你沒體驗過，你不會知道我的感受。unless＝if not“如果不”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。 答案： C,練規(guī)范、練技能、練速度,難點(diǎn)(七) “言外有意”的細(xì)節(jié)推斷題 該題型通常要求考生根據(jù)文章的某一細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推理，并得出一個合理的結(jié)論。 We can conclude from the text that________. A．American cities are changing for the worse B．people have different views on American cities C．many people are now moving from American cities D．the population is decreasing in older American cities,(2010·安徽卷，C) American cities are similar to other cities around the world.In every country，cities reflect the values of the culture.American cities are changing，just as American society is changing. After World War Ⅱ，the population of most large American cities decreased；however，the population in many Sun Belt cities increased.Los Angeles and Houston are cities where populatfon shifts (轉(zhuǎn)移) to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society.In the late 1940s and early 1950s，city residents (居民) became wealthier.They had more children so they needed more space.They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes.They bought houses in the suburbs (郊區(qū))．,Now things are changing.The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults.Many，unlike their parents，want to live in the cities.They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest.Many young professionals are moving back into the city.They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there；or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.,This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits.Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent.In the 1950s，many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs；now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.,Only a few years ago，people thought that the older American cities were dying.Some city residents now see a bright，new future.Others see only problems and conflicts.One thing is sure：many dying cities are alive again. [語篇解讀] 本文是—篇記敘文。作者向我們敘述了二戰(zhàn)后以及現(xiàn)在美國城市中人們的變遷，從側(cè)面反射出貧富差別給人們帶來的影響。,1．What does the author think of cities all over the world? A．They are alive. B．They are hopeless. C．They are similar. D．They are different. 解析： 事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段第一句可知美國的城市和世界其他城市是類似的。 答案： C,2．Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War Ⅱ？ A．Because older American cities were dying. B．Because they were richer and needed more space. C．Because cities contained the worst parts of society. D．Because they could hardly afford to live in the city. 解析： 推理判斷題。由第二段最后三句可知城市居民變得富有，他們有較多的孩子，需要較大的空間，因此他們想搬到鄉(xiāng)下。 答案： B,3．According to the 4th paragragh，a great many poor people in American cities________. A．a(chǎn)re faced with housing problems B．a(chǎn)re forced to move to the suburbs C．want to sell their buildings D．need more money for daily expenses 解析： 推理判斷題。由第四段第二句可知：無數(shù)的窮人必須離開他們的公寓，因為主人想賣掉他們的房子而不想出租了。故選A。而B和第四段倒數(shù)第二句矛盾；C的主語應(yīng)該是房東(the owners)；D未提到。 答案： A,4．We can conclude from the text that________. A．American cities are changing for the worse B．people have different views on American cities C．many people are now moving from American cities D．the population is decreasing in older American cities 解析： 推理判斷題。由文章最后一段可知不同的人對城市有不同的觀點(diǎn)，故選B。A和第一段最后一句矛盾，the worse錯誤；C的主語應(yīng)該是many poor people；文中沒有和D相關(guān)的信息。 答案： B,【長難句】 Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent.無數(shù)的窮人必須離開他們的公寓，因為主人想賣掉他們的房子而不想出租了。 句中的because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent是原因狀語從句。for sale待售；for rent出租。,[化難為易] 細(xì)節(jié)推斷題的解題過程包括“細(xì)節(jié)理解”和“推理判斷”兩個環(huán)節(jié)，也就是根據(jù)文章的相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)推斷，得出一個和文意相符的答案。該題型要求考生不僅要正確理解相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的表層含義，還要通過對細(xì)節(jié)的理解，弄清楚該細(xì)節(jié)所包含的深層含義，即聯(lián)系語境，確定“言外之意、話外之音”。比如根據(jù)文章最后一段可知不同的人對城市有不同的觀點(diǎn)，可推斷出B項正確。,細(xì)節(jié)推斷題的基本解題思路：在解題過程中，考生要注意“細(xì)節(jié)”和“推斷”之間的相互關(guān)系。拋棄“細(xì)節(jié)”的“推斷”是無中生有的推斷，而只抓住了細(xì)節(jié)，不去進(jìn)行合乎實際的推理，也一定無法選出正確答案。,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,