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1．civilisation n. 1)開化；教化 The civilisation of mankind has taken thousands of years. 人類經(jīng)歷數(shù)千年才文明開化。 2)(一民族、國家或時(shí)期的)文化和生活方式 the civilisations of ancient Egypt and Babylon 古埃及和巴比倫文化,3)文明的環(huán)境；文明社會；文明世界 live far from civilisation 在遠(yuǎn)離文明的地方生活 It's good to get back to civilisation after living in a tent for two weeks! 在帳篷里過了兩個星期后，又回到文明社會可真舒服！,即學(xué)即用 完成句子 這是一篇關(guān)于現(xiàn)代美國文明的論文。 This is a paper about ________ ________ ________. 答案：modern American civilisation,2．a(chǎn)chievement n. 1)成績；成就 ①Winning three gold medals is a remarkable achievement. 贏得3枚金牌是了不起的成績。 ②I'm very proud of my achievements as program director. 作為節(jié)目導(dǎo)演，我為自己取得的成就感到非常自豪。,2)實(shí)現(xiàn)；完成；達(dá)到 ①We need to raise the level of academic achievement in public schools. 我們需要提高公立學(xué)校的學(xué)業(yè)成績。 ②Teaching gave me a wonderful sense of achievement. 教學(xué)給了我一種美妙的成就感。,知識拓展 achieve vt. 1)完成；實(shí)現(xiàn) ①You can achieve your ambition if you work hard. 你如果努力，一定會如愿以償?shù)摹?②We've achieved great victories. 我們?nèi)〉昧藗ゴ蟮膭倮?2)達(dá)到；獲得 ①He hopes to achieve all his aims soon. 他希望盡快達(dá)到所有目標(biāo)。,②Whatever success he had achieved was obtained through experimentation. 他無論取得什么成績都是通過實(shí)驗(yàn)得來的。,詞語辨析 achieve, reach, gain 1)achieve強(qiáng)調(diào)由于極大努力，克服困難后達(dá)到既定目標(biāo)，還意味著通過預(yù)定的程序制訂出一套辦法而獲得成功，也常與一些抽象名詞連用。 The company has achieved all its goals this year. 這個公司今年已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了所有的奮斗目標(biāo)。 2)reach指到達(dá)某地，達(dá)到某目的、某種程度， 而不涉及為此所花費(fèi)的努力。 ①The two sides were unable to reach an agreement. 雙方未能取得一致意見。,②The heat of summer has reached its climax. 已經(jīng)是夏天最熱的天氣了。 3)gain作“獲得”解，指獲得某種利益、好處或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 He quickly gained experience. 他很快就有經(jīng)驗(yàn)了。,即學(xué)即用 Lucy has________all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university. A．a(chǎn)cquired B．finished C．concluded D．a(chǎn)chieved 答案：D,1．up to 1)輪到……；取決于；常用于固定句型“ It is / was up to sb. to do sth. ” 。 It was up to me to get the four of us moving. 該由我來使我們這四個人行動起來。 2)直到；多達(dá)；后接表示數(shù)量、程度、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等的名詞。 I don't know the fact up to now. 一直到現(xiàn)在，我還不知道事實(shí)。,3)適于；勝任；通常用于疑問句或否定句中。to 的后面可接名詞、代詞、動名詞。 I don't feel up to a long walk. 我今天不適于長時(shí)間的散步。 4)up to 意為“接近”；指接近講話人、目的地等。 The old man walked up to me and asked me what was happening there. 那位老者走近我，問我那里正發(fā)生什么事。 5)up to 意為“向上方；向上游；向內(nèi)陸；向北方”；指從邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)、農(nóng)村、南方、下游等被看作下方的地方到首都、城市、北方、上游等地方。,Mr. Smith went up to London and began his business. 史密斯先生(由鄉(xiāng)下)來到倫敦，開始做他的生意。 6)忙于；從事于 What on earth are you up to recently? 你最近到底在忙些什么？ 7)up to 計(jì)劃著；密謀(壞事) What tricks has she been up to? 她一直在玩什么把戲？ 8)up to 匹配；比得上 This new book of Green's isn't up to his last one. Green出的這本新書不及他寫的前一本書。,高考鏈接 —Shall we go to the art exhibition right away? —________ . A．It's your opinion B．I don' t mind C．It's all up to you D．That's your decision 解析：分析語境可知， It's up to you.意為“隨你的便或由你而定?！?答案：C,即學(xué)即用 —What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game. —________. Whatever you want to do is fine with me. A．It just depends B．It's up to you C．All right D．Glad to hear that 答案：B,2．a(chǎn)s well as可以是比較結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以作并列連詞。其用法如下： 1)as well as可連接一個比較狀語從句，意為“與……一樣好”。 She doesn't work as/so well as you(do)． 她工作不如你好。 2)as well as作并列連詞，意思為“不僅……而且……；既……又……”。使用時(shí)要注意： (1)as well as與not only.but also.不同。A as well as B的意思是“不但B，而且A”，其重點(diǎn)在前者，而不在后者；而not only A but also B則強(qiáng)調(diào)后者，可譯為“不但A，而且B”。,Their decision will affect the whole school as well as our class.(＝Their decision will affect not only our class but also the whole school.) 他們的決定將不僅影響到我們班，而且影響到整個學(xué)校。 (2)as well as連接兩個并列成分作主語時(shí)，句子的謂語動詞應(yīng)與前面那個名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。 The boy as well as you is interested in computer games. 這男孩和你一樣對電腦游戲感興趣。,(3)連接兩個動詞不定式時(shí)，如果第一個帶to，第二個就可省略to。 We expect her to do a little research work as well as make a lot of experiments. 我們不僅希望她做許多實(shí)驗(yàn)，而且還指望她搞點(diǎn)研究工作。 (4)as well as用在肯定句與否定句中有不同的含義。試比較： ①I, as well as you, shall go. 你要去，我也要去。,②I shall not go as well as you. 你要去，但我將不去。 ③I, as well as you, shall not go. 你要不去，我也不去。,(5)as well as.not前后都否定，not.as well as只否定前面。 ①He, as well as his sister, has not yet joined the Party. 他和他姐姐一樣都沒入黨。 ②He has not yet joined the Party as well as his sister. 他還沒有像他姐姐那樣已經(jīng)入黨了。 3)as well as還可作復(fù)合介詞用，作“除了……之外，還有”解，可用besides代替。 I have a few English books as well as this chemical book. 除了這本化學(xué)書外，我還有一些英語書。,4)as well as除接名詞外，還可接動名詞，這時(shí)應(yīng)注意動名詞的邏輯主語必須和句子的主語保持一致。 As well as eating a seven-course meal, they drank seven bottles of wine. 他們除了吃七道菜外，還喝了七瓶酒。,即學(xué)即用 Helen as well as I________eager to see the performance. A．a(chǎn)m B．is C．a(chǎn)re D．were 答案：B,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,