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息縣二高2014屆高三高考一輪復(fù)習英語《情態(tài)動詞》學案 高考考點 一、情態(tài)動詞的基本用法， 二、情態(tài)動詞表示允許，推測，判斷的用法辨析， 1、否定的推測：語氣不很肯定時，常用may not,might not或could not，譯為“可能不”“也許不”；否定語氣較強時，則用can’t，譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會”，表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩 2、疑問句中推測往往用can或could 3.考查情態(tài)動詞+動詞不定式的完成式表推測的用法 三、.考查情態(tài)動詞+動詞不定式完成式的其他用法 ①should(ought to)+不定式的完成式：本來應(yīng)該做而實際上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。 ②needn’t+不定式的完成式：本來不必要做的而實際上又做了 ③could+不定式的完成式：本可以做而實際上未能做,含有遺憾的意味 四、情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣中的運用。 高考例題 【2012江西卷】22．We__________ have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner. A．may not B．needn’tC．can’t D．mustn’t 【答案】B　　 【考點】考察情態(tài)動詞的用法 【解析】may not不可以，needn’t不需要，cant不可能， mustnt絕不可能　本句句意為：既然Suzie不和我們一起吃晚飯，所以我們就不需要買這么多食物。 【29. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had had C. have D. had 【答案】D【考點】此題考查條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣。 【解析】從句中用一般過去時表現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)。動詞的時態(tài) 條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣 一般過去式表對現(xiàn)在的假設(shè) 【2012重慶卷】25.-____you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone? -Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent. A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would 【考點】情態(tài)動詞用法【答案】 C 【解析】句意：“——你現(xiàn)在一定要打斷我嗎？難道你不能看到我在打電話嗎？——對不起，先生，事情很急?！备鶕?jù)語境結(jié)合選項的詞義，C選項符合題意。因此，正確答案為C選項。 【2012遼寧卷】24. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. A. might B. could C. shall D. will 【考點】情態(tài)動詞【答案】C 【解析】Shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。這兒是說根據(jù)學校規(guī)定學生在校時都必須要穿校服。 【2012四川卷】19. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I ____ do in China. A. must B. might C. can D. should 【答案】 B 【考點】本題考查情態(tài)動詞。 【解析】句意為：我靠他們足夠的近以聽見他們說漢語，而且我會像我在中國可能做的那樣說“你好”。might表示“可能”。故選B。 【2012陜西卷】23.I______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. A. won’t B. can’t C. can D. will 【答】B【考點】考查情態(tài)動詞。 【解析】所填情態(tài)動詞與too 構(gòu)成固定句型can’t/couldn’t …too…，意思是：再……都不為過，選B。 【2012全國II】17. I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _______ find the money. A. can B. might C. would D. need 【答案】A 【解析】此處考查了can的本意“能”，表示“能力”。句意：我要和John一起去歐洲度假，如果我能找到錢。 【考點】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。 【2012天津卷】 We wouldn’t have called a taxi yesterday if Harold __________us a ride home.【D】 A. didn’t offer B. wouldn’t offer C. hasn’t offeredD. hadn’t offered 【2012天津卷】 It’s quite warm here; we _____turn the heating on【C】 A.couldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t 【2012全國新課程】30. I use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house. A. couldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 【答案】D【考點】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。 【解析】此處考查情態(tài)動詞，needn’t+動詞原形表示：沒有必要做某事。句意：我沒有必要用鬧鐘喚醒我，因為每天早上6點火車都經(jīng)過我的房子。 【2012山東卷】30. If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful. A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make C. didn’t make D. hadn’t made 【答案】D【考點】考查虛擬語氣的用法 【解析】在虛擬條件句中，表示與過去事實相反的情況，從句用過去完成時，主句用would have done的形式。句意：如果我們沒有做好充分的準備，會議就不會這樣成功。 【2012福建卷】31. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we________ more places of interest yesterday. A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited 【考點】本題考查虛擬語氣的用法【答案】D 一：can和could 1. can的主要用法是： A. 表示體力或腦力的能力： eg. The girl can dance very well. B. 表示說話者的推測﹑事物的可能性: eg. Can the news be true? C. 在口語中, can可以表示請求或允許：eg. Can I sit here? 2. could的主要用法是： A. could 是 can 的過去式, 表示與過去有關(guān)的能力和推測 eg. We all knew that the young man couldn’t be a doctor. B. could可以代替can表示請求, 但語氣較can客氣、委婉: eg. Could you lend me your dictionary? Could I use your bike? 3. can和could接動詞的完成形式，表示可能已經(jīng)做某事。can用在否定和疑問句中, 表示不相信、懷疑等態(tài)度。 eg. They cant have gone out because the light is still on. 二：may和might may常用來表示： A. 表示請求、允許：比can較為正式: eg. May I come in? You may go now. B. 表示說話人的猜測: “也許” “可能”: 通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。 eg. I believe the man is from England but I may be wrong. The guest may arrive this afternoon. 在肯定句中，may的可能性比can高, may表示現(xiàn)實的可能性，can表示理論上的可能性。 The road may be blocked. 這條路可能不通了。 The road can be blocked. 這條路可能會是不通的。 在疑問句中，表示可能性用can。 Where can he be? 他會在哪呢？ C. 表示祝愿; 但語氣較正式: eg. May you succeed! May you have a good journey! might的用法有: ①多在間接引語中表示過去的可能和允許。 She said that he might take her bike. 她說他可以拿她的自行車去用。 ② 除了在間接引語中以外，might一般不表示過去的可能或者許可。如要表示過去的可能可以用could, ③表示現(xiàn)在的可能，其可能性要比may 小。He might go home tomorrow.說不定他明天會回家。 表示現(xiàn)在的許可，語氣比may較委婉，一般用于疑問句（包括間接疑問句），不可用于肯定句或者否定句。 Might I have a word with you? 我可以和你說句話嗎？ 三：will和would 1. will是助動詞還是情態(tài)動詞？ will用于構(gòu)成將來時是助動詞。 用于表示“意志”“決心”“請求”是情態(tài)動詞。would亦同理。 I will tell you something important. 我要告訴你一些重要的事. （助動詞） Will you tell her that Im here?請您告訴她說我在這兒，好嗎?（情態(tài)動詞） 2. 在疑問句中用于第二人稱，提出請求或詢問。 Will you type this, please? 請把這個打一下，好嗎？ 3. would 比 will客氣委婉 。 Would you help us, please? （表請求）請您幫助我們 ，好嗎？ I’d go there with you. （表意愿） 我要和你一塊到那兒去。 Your teacher wouldn’t allow it. （表許可）老師不會允許這件事。 四：shall和should 1. 在疑問句中，用于第一、第三人稱，用來征詢對方意見、請求指示或提出建議。1) Mr. Smith wants to see you, manager. Shall he wait outside or in the office? 2) It is a nice day. Shall we go out for a picnic? 2. 用在第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人的“允諾、警告、命令、威脅、決心”等語氣。1) If you dare do that, you shall be punished. 2) If you pass the college entrance examination, you shall get a computer. 3) Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan. 3. 表示說話人對某事不能理解，可翻譯成“居然”，“竟然”，“竟會”，表示意外和出乎意料。It is surprising that he should have made such a foolish mistake. 五：must的主要用法 1. 表示必然性。We must all die. 人總要死的。 2. 表示強制或者義務(wù)。You must get up early. 你必須早起來。 注意: must not的意思是不許可,不應(yīng)該或者禁止 如：We mustn’t waste our time. ---- May I take this magazine out? --- No, you mustn’t. 3. must用于一般疑問句的時候，肯定回答應(yīng)該用yes, please或者I’m afraid so, 其否定回答應(yīng)該用needn’t或者don’t have to。 4.表示推測，語氣非?？隙ǎ醮_定的意味，一般用在肯定句。 It must be eleven o’clock now. 在表示推測的否定或者疑問句中必須用can/could, 不可以用must。 If Mary didn’t leave here until five o’clock, she can’t be home yet.　 如果瑪麗五點才離開這兒，她此時一定還未到家。 5．指主觀上的偏執(zhí)或固執(zhí)，?？勺g為“偏”“偏要 Must you make so much noise? 你就非得弄出這么大的聲音嗎？ After I gave her my advice，she must go and do the opposite. 在我給她出主意之后她偏要反著干。 6．表示“偏偏”，可表示某事發(fā)生得不早不遲，就在某個當緊的時候，多指某些不受歡迎的事情的發(fā)生。如： The car must break down just we were starting our holidays. 我們剛剛開始休假，汽車偏偏壞了。 should和ought to 后面跟動詞的完成式, 其肯定句表示“過去應(yīng)該做而未做”, 其否定句則表示“過去不該做但做了”。 You should/ought to have made the decision a week ago. I shouldnt have made such a foolish mistake. 六：haveto的用法 1. must表示一種主觀的需要，而haveto表示一種客觀的需要，意思是“不得不”?？谡Z中常翻譯成“得” Mother is out, so I have to look after the shop.媽媽不在家，因此我得照看商店。 2. haveto的否定形式是don’t have to, 相當于needn’t。 They don’t have to buy a computer at present. 他們目前沒有必要買電腦。 注意對need問句的回答: --Need I finish the work today? --Yes, you must. --No, you needn’t. / --No, you don’t have to. 七：表示推測——情態(tài)動詞的重要用法 一、 “must+have+done”表示對過去事情的肯定推測，譯成“一定做過某事”，該結(jié)構(gòu)只用于肯定句。 1. The river is rising. It must have rained last night. 2. She looks very happy. She must have passed the exam. 二、 “can’t+have+done”表示對過去事情的否定推測，譯成“不可能做過某事”。 1.—— I saw Mary in the library yesterday. —— You can’t have seen her. She’s been abroad. 2. —— Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere. ——Well, he can’t have gone far. His coat is still there. 三、 “can+have+done”表示對過去行為的懷疑，用于疑問句，譯成“可能做過……嗎？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里沒有燈，他們可能出去了嗎？ 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到處找不到他們，他們可能到什么地方去呢？ 四、 “could+have+done”是虛擬語氣，表示對過去事情的假設(shè)，意思是本來能夠做某事而沒有做。 1. Thank you for all your hard work last week. We don’t think we could have managed it without you. 2. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 五、 “may+have+done”表示對發(fā)生過的事情的推測，意思是“可能已經(jīng)”或“也許已經(jīng)”，用于肯定句中。 — What has happened to George? — I dont know. He may have got lost. 六、 “might+have+done”表示對過去事情的推測，might與may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)中。 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) 他或許會多給你一些幫助，即使他很忙。 2. Mary might have learned some Chinese before. 七、 “would+have+done”虛擬語氣，表示對過去事情的假設(shè)，意思是“本來會做”。 1. I would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me. 我本來會告訴你這個小男孩的故事，但是你沒有問我。 2. Without your help, I wouldnt have achieved so much. 沒有你的幫助，我是不會取得如此大的成績。　　 八． “should+have+done”意思是“本來應(yīng)該做某事，而實際沒做?！?“shouldn’t+have+done”表示本來不應(yīng)該做某事，而實際做了。含有指責對方或自責的含意。 1. You should have told her the truth earlier. 2. With so much work at hand, you shouldn’t have gone to the film last night. 手頭有這么多工作要做，昨晚你本不該去看電影。 九、 “ought to+have+done”表示過去應(yīng)該做而實際并沒有做，譯成“理應(yīng)做……”，往往表示遺憾。與“should+have+done”用法基本一樣。 1. I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理應(yīng)上星期日回家。 2. You ought not to have given him more help. 你不應(yīng)該幫助他那么多。 十. “needn’t+have+done”則表示“本來不需要做某事而做了”。 1.There was plenty of time. She needn’t have worried. 有充足的時間，她沒必要那么著急。 2. He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldnt have missed the train. 他本來需要快點去車站，那樣的話，他就不會誤了火車。 十一：情態(tài)動詞的其它用法 1． cannot but + do sth. 表示“不得不，只好做某事” I cannot but choose to go. 2． may well +v 意為“完全能，很可能” Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her. 3． may as well +v意為“最好，滿可以，倒不如” You may as well do it at once. 4. cannot(never) 與enough/ too表示“再。。。也不為過” You can never be careful enough in the street. 鞏固練習 1. They _____ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. (2011全國)A.will B.can C.must D.should 2. If you ______ smoke, please go outside. (2011 全國) A. can B. should C. must D. may 3. ——I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him? ——Don’t worry. He ____ come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were. (2011 北京) A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not 4. I _______worry about my weekend--- I always have my plans ready before it comes. (2011 上海) A．can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. daren’t 5. ——Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? ——I am afraid you ______, in case he comes late for the meeting. (2011福建) A.will B. must C.may D.can 6. ——How’s your new babysitter? ——We ________ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. (2011 浙江) A. should B. might C. mustn‘t D. couldn’t 7. ——What do you think of store shopping in the future? ——Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _____. (2011 安徽) A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced 8. The police still haven’t found the lost child, but they’re doing all they______. (2011 四川) A.can B.may C.must D.should 9. ——Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night? —— I wanted to ,but my mom simply ______ not let me out so late at night. (2011重慶) A. could B. might C. would D. should 10. ——Will you read me a story ,Mummy? ——OK. You_____ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. (2011 陜西) A. might B. must C. could D. shall 11. No one ________ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. (2011湖南) A. can B. need C. must D. might 12. If you _____ go, at least wait until the storm is over. (2011 遼寧) A. can B. may C. must D. will 13. Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong– willed man. (2010 安徽) A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 14.Just be patient. You ______ expect the world to change so soon. A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. will not 15. I _________have watched that movie –it’ll give me horrible dreams. A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D. mustn’t 16. Mark _______have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t 17. ---Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. ---Ah, good morning. you _______be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can 18. --- I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. ---Don’t worry. You _______have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may. 19.---May I take this book out of the reading room? -----No, you ________. You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 20. I have told you the truth. _______ I keep repeating it? A. Must B. Can D. May D. Will 21. You ______buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn’t D. have to D. don’t have to 22. You ______park here! It’s an emergency exit. A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 23. I was really anxious about you． You ______ home without a word． A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave 24. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ______ for her． A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out 25. He ______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t 26. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_____ your lecture. A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended 27. ----Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere. ----Well. He ______ have gone far--his coat’s still here. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t 28. Mary ______my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. A couldn’t have received B ought to have received C has received D shouldn’t have received 29. It _____around nine o’clock when I drove back home because it was already dark. A. must be B. must have been C. can’t be D. should have been 30. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class; _______________ A. he should study hard last night B. he should have studied hard last night C. he must have studied hard last night D. he must had to study hard last night 31. You_______yesterday if you were really serious about your work. A. ought to come　　　 B. ought to be coming C. ought to have come D. ought have come 32. We didn’t see him at the lecture yesterday. He_________it.” A. mustn’t attended　 B. couldn’t have attended C. would have not attended　　　　D. needn’t have attended 33. You ______all these parcels yourself. The shop would have delivered them if you had asked a shop assistant. A. didn’t need to carry B. needn’t have carried C. needn’t carry　D. didn’t need carry 34. Mr. White ___ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving