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1、 課時素養(yǎng)評價十五 Unit 5 Working the Land Using Language Ⅰ. 單句語法填空 1. What some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health. 2. Pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. 3. Organ

2、ic farming is simply farming without using (use) any chemicals. 4. Organic farmers also use many other methods (method) to produce rich soil. 5. The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding (avoid) damage to the environment or to people’s health. 6. S

3、ome people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely (entire). 7. What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world. Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great

4、way to fight crop disease and increase production. ? 當它們被首次推廣時, 許多農民歡迎它們, 把它們作為抗擊作物疾病和增加產量的好方法。 2. Very loud noise can make people ill or drive them mad. ? 很大的聲音會使人身體不適, 或使他們發(fā)狂。 3. Recently customers have turned to organic food when shopping at the local grocery. ? 最近, 顧客在當地雜貨店購物時, 已經轉向購置有機食品。

5、 4. For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser. 例如, 許多有機農民使用來自動物的天然廢棄物作為肥料。 5. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet the need. ? 有機農業(yè)完全不能滿足那樣的需求。 6. Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinne

6、r table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible. ? 因此, 要找到一個適宜的解決方案, 在保持人和環(huán)境盡可能健康的同時, 把足夠的食物放在餐桌上, 還有很長的路要走。 Ⅰ. 閱讀理解 A 　　The organic foods have gained a lot of popularity as they are being considered as healthier and tastier. A fair number of people advocate a large-sca

7、le shift to organic farming from conventional agriculture. But this might not seem well-founded. 　　Since the mid-19th century, conventional industrial agriculture has become incredibly efficient on a simple land to food basis. Conventional farming gets more and more crop per square foot of land, w

8、hich can mean less wilderness needs to be transformed to farmland. 　　To make farming more efficient, conventional agriculture uses a significant amount of synthetic fertiliser(合成肥料)each year, and all that nitrogen(氮)enables much faster plant growth. However, the cost is paid in vast polluted dead

9、zones at the months of many of the world’s rivers, because much of the nitrogen ends up running off the soil and into the oceans. This also makes conventional farming one of the major threats to the environment. 　　To weaken the environmental impact of agriculture, improve soil quality as well as p

10、roduce healthier foods, some farmers have turned to organic farming. Environmentalists have also welcomed organic food as better for the planet than the food produced by agricultural corporations. Organic practices—refusing artificial fertilizers and chemical pesticides—are considered far more susta

11、inable. Sales of organic food rose 7. 7% in 2021, up to $26. 7 billion—and people are making those purchases for their moral senses as much as their tongues. 　　Yet a new meta-analysis in Nature does the math and comes to a hard conclusion: organic farming produces 25% fewer crops on average than

12、conventional agriculture. 　　In the Nature analysis, scientists performed an analysis of 66 studies comparing conventional and organic methods across 34 different crop species, from fruits to grains. They found that organic farming delivered a lower output for every crop type, though the difference

13、 varied widely. For crops like fruit trees, organic trailed(落后于)conventional agriculture by just 5%. Yet for major grain crops and vegetables—all of which provide the world’s main calories—conventional agriculture outperformed organics by more than 25%. 　　What that means is that while organic farm

14、ing may be more sustainable than conventional agriculture, there are trade-offs(此消彼長)with each. So an ideal global agriculture system may borrow the best from both systems rather than upholding merely organic or conventional practices. 【文章大意】有機食品越來越受歡迎, 人們認為它們更健康、更美味。一個理想的全球農業(yè)系統(tǒng)可以從有機農業(yè)和傳統(tǒng)農業(yè)中獲得最好的利

15、益, 而不是僅僅支持有機或常規(guī)的做法。 1. What do we know about conventional farming? A. It produces more crops with fewer fertilisers. B. It achieves efficiency at a huge cost to the environment. C. If offers a long-term solution to global demand for food. D. It performs far better for each crop type than or

16、ganic farming. 【解析】選B。 推理判斷題。根據第二段Since the mid-19th century, conventional industrial agriculture has become incredibly efficient on a simple land to food basis. 和第三段最后一句This also makes conventional farming one of the major threats to the environment. 可知, 傳統(tǒng)農業(yè)以犧牲環(huán)境的巨大代價來實現(xiàn)生產效率。 2. What does the a

17、uthor most probably agree with? A. Employing organic farming to plant rice. B. Adopting organic practices to grow potato. C. Using conventional methods to plant cabbage. D. Applying conventional farming to grow apple. 【解析】選C。 推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段最后兩句For crops like fruit trees, organic trailed con

18、ventional agriculture by just 5%. Yet for major grain crops and vegetables—all of which provide the world’s main calories—conventional agriculture outperformed organics by more than 25%. 可知作者最可能同意用傳統(tǒng)的方法種植卷心菜。 3. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage? CP: Central P

19、oint　　 P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要點)　　 C: Conclusion 【解析】選A。 細節(jié)理解題。第一段是文章的中心論點, 有機食品越來越受歡迎, 因為它們被認為更健康、更美味; 文章第2—3段闡述了對conventional agriculture的觀點, 4—6段闡述了從conventional agriculture向organic farming的轉變及新的研究創(chuàng)造, 兩局局部別闡述了兩種農業(yè)的利弊; 最后一段得出結論, 一個理想的全球農業(yè)系統(tǒng)可以從兩個系統(tǒng)中獲益, 而不是僅僅靠支持有機或常規(guī)的做法。 4. What’s the aut

20、hor’s purpose of writing the passage? A. To compare two types of farming. B. To criticize conventional agriculture. C. To discuss the development of farming. D. To argue for a realistic agriculture system. 【解析】選D。寫作意圖題。根據最后一段可知作者寫本文的目的是主張建立一個現(xiàn)實的農業(yè)體系。 B 　　What’s the biggest online shoppin

21、g day in the world? Not Valentine’s Day. Not Cyber Monday or Black Friday. The winner is China’s Singles’ Day, celebrated on November 11, or 11. 11. 　　Singles’ Day began as a day for unmarried or uncoupled people to celebrate their lives. Single students, looking for an excuse to buy themselves p

22、resents, started it on November 11, 1993, reported The Guardian. It is symbolized by the four number ones in the date of November 11 and is also called Double Eleven, in reference to the day it was started, said the BBC. It became a major shopping day in 2021. The CEO of an online shopping site—Alib

23、aba—tried to increase sales at the e-commerce company. The CEO, Daniel Zhang, launched an annual online sale on that day, said Fortune. When it first began, “Singles’ Day was very much an offline comfort for actual single people, 〞 noted the website Atlas Obscura. A small group of students at Nanjin

24、g University are said to have chosen 11. 11 as a day that singles could do activities like karaoke together. It quickly became a cultural phenomenon. 　　Last year, Alibaba sold more than $1 billion worth of products in the first three minutes of the sales, reported Bloomberg News. Total sales on Si

25、ngles’ Day soared to $9 billion within 24 hours. That’s four times bigger than Cyber Monday in the U. S. , which is the Monday after Thanksgiving and traditionally a big shopping day. By comparison, online sales in the U. S. last year on Black Friday were just $1. 5 billion, reported TechCrunch. 　

26、　Today, Singles’ Day is very successful. Analysts say that this year, sales on China’s Singles’ Day will increase to a new high. In the U. S. , Jennifer Wang, a co-founder of a company targeting Chinese-Americans, said, “We expect to have 3 million people coming to click our site for the Singles’ Da

27、y launch. 〞 Some observers think Singles’ Day could catch on globally. 【文章大意】文章講述“雙11〞成為世界銷售量最多的購物節(jié)的過程和具體情況。 5. How did the author introduce the topic of the passage? A. By describing a holiday. B. By asking a question. C. By making a list. D. By telling a story. 【解析】選B。 推理判斷題。根據開頭What’

28、s the biggest online shopping day in the world? Not Valentine’s Day. Not Cyber Monday or Black Friday. 可知作者采用了提問題的方式引出文章的話題。因此選B。 6. What’s the second paragraph mainly about? A. How Singles’ Day came into being. B. Why Singles’ Day became popular. C. When Singles’ Day was started. D. Who f

29、irst celebrated Singles’ Day. 【解析】選A。段落大意題。根據第二段Singles’ Day began as a day for unmarried or uncoupled people to celebrate their lives. Single students, looking for an excuse to buy themselves presents, started it on November 11, 1993和下文的It is symbolized by the four number ones in the date of Nove

30、mber 11 and is also called Double Eleven, in reference to the day it was started可知本段介紹的是“雙11〞節(jié)日的產生, 因此答案選A。 7. Why did China’s Singles’ Day become a major shopping day? A. Because singles celebrated their happy lives on November 11. B. Because students at Nanjing University took part in activit

31、ies together. C. Because an annual online sale was started on that day by Alibaba. D. Because single students chose that day to buy themselves gifts. 【解析】選C。 推理判斷題。根據第二段可知在中國“雙11〞成為購物節(jié)是因為當天有網上促銷活動。 8. Which of the following can best replace the word “soared〞 in Paragraph 3? A. Increased sha

32、rply. B. Decreased quickly. C. Returned gradually. D. Appeared suddenly. 【解析】選A。 詞義猜測題。畫線單詞所在句子的意思是“在雙11當天總銷售額在24小時內飆升到90億美元〞, 因此soared意思是“飆升, 驟然上升〞, 和“Increased sharply〞同義。 Ⅱ. 閱讀填句 　　根據短文內容, 從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項, 選項中有兩項為多余選項。 　　Have you ever had a wonderful idea and thought it would ma

33、ke a great invention, but didn’t know what to do next? 　1　 They will help you make your dreams come true and become a famous inventor. ? 　　The first thing that you should do is do some research on the Internet to see if anyone else has invented it. If not, you should search through the U. S. Paten

34、t (專利) information to see if a patent was ever created for your type of invention. 　2　 The easiest thing to do is working with an agency(代理機構) that can help you to make your dreams a reality. ? 　　It can help you present your ideas and get your product to the right companies. One agency that is very

35、 reputable (聲譽好的) is “Lambert in Minnesota〞. 　3　? 　　If they think your product is marketable (有銷路的), they will help you to get it to the right company. Call the agency and make an appointment. You will want to bring in a model of your invention and a complete description of your ideas. 　4　? 　　The

36、n when you meet with them, you can present it and they will tell you how marketable it is. If they decide to help you, they will work to present it to different companies and help you to go to the next step. Once your invention has been sold to a large company, get ready to get the benefits of beco

37、ming the next great inventor. 　5　 But the benefits are worth the wait. ? A. It may take a year or two. B. If not, go to the next step. C. You will find something new on the Internet. D. You will be the next inventor. E. Write down exactly about your invention. F. Here are some steps that

38、you can take. G. They offer free advice for good ideas. 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。很多人有好點子, 但是不知道如何把好點子變成偉大的創(chuàng)造, 文章對此提出了幾點建議。 1. 【解析】選F。根據本段第一句可知很多人有很棒的想法, 認為自己的想法會成為偉大的創(chuàng)造, 但是不知道該如何去做。橫線句要把上下文串聯(lián)起來, F項“Here are some steps that you can take. 下面是你可以采取的步驟。〞承上啟下。 2. 【解析】選B。本段告訴我們首先要對自己的創(chuàng)造工程進行研究, 查看是否已經有人創(chuàng)造出類似的物

39、品。如果沒有, 查一下相關的專利情況。如果沒有類似的專利被申請, 那么你就可以繼續(xù)做下一步工作。故B項“If not, go to the next step. 〞符合上下文語境。 3. 【解析】選G。根據前句One agency that is very reputable is “Lambert in Minnesota〞. 可知“Lambert in Minnesota〞是一家聲譽非常好的代理機構。本句應該介紹這一機構的良好效勞, 故G項“They offer free advice for good ideas. 他們會為好點子提供免費建議。〞與之對應。 4. 【解析】選E。根據

40、前句可知你和代理機構聯(lián)系好了以后, 你要帶著模型以及對這個好點子的表達。最好是把你的想法確切地寫下來, 然后與對方交流。故E項“Write down exactly about your invention. 〞與上下文語境一致。 5. 【解析】選A。此處表示: 如果你的創(chuàng)造被某一公司購置, 那么你只要等待創(chuàng)造給你帶來的好處即可。雖然等待的時間可能會比較長, 但這樣的等待是值得的。故A項“It may take a year or two. 〞符合上下文語境。 語法填空 (2021·眉山高二檢測) 　　One of the unforgettable cultural events

41、to Chinese people in the year 2021 was probably that the “24 Solar Terms〞1. __________ (recognize) as a World Intangible Cultural Heritage (世界非物質文化遺產). The “24 Solar Terms〞 is also known as the fifth great 2. __________ (invent) of China, coming after paper-making, printing, gunpowder and compass. ?

42、 　　It shows 3. __________ ancient wisdom of dividing time based on the sun’s position. Among the 24 terms, the “Start of Spring〞 “Start of Summer〞 “Start of Autumn〞 and “Start of Winter〞 divide a year into four seasons, each of 4. _______is divided into six solar terms. In old days, they are import

43、ant 5. __________ (instruction) for the agricultural production as well as people’s daily lives. Even today, many farmers still rely 6. __________ them to decide what they should do in the fields. ? 　　From generation to generation, it appears that the “24 Solar Terms〞 has been a part of people’s li

44、fe, but there is still a long way to go 7. __________ (protect) the cultural heritage from disappearing. 8. __________ (fortunate), many young people have involved 9. __________ (they) in giving new life to the ancient culture. So far, measures like taking photos, drawing pictures or 10. __________

45、(write) essays about it have been adopted. It is only through our efforts that Chinese culture and Chinese history can have longer and stronger life. ? 【文章大意】本文是說明文, 介紹中國的24節(jié)氣。 1. 【解析】was recognized?？疾楸粍诱Z態(tài)。that后的表語從句中主語是the“24 Solar Terms〞, 與后面的recognize 構成被動關系, 因此答案是was recognized。 2. 【解析】invent

46、ion?？疾槊~。the fifth great 后面應該用名詞。因此答案為invention。 3. 【解析】the?？疾楣谠~。名詞wisdom是特指, 用the。 4. 【解析】which?？疾殛P系代詞。分析句子結構, 逗號后面是非限制性定語從句, 因此each of后面要用which, 答案是which。 5. 【解析】instructions。考查名詞。形容詞important后面應該用名詞, instruction是可數名詞, 用復數, 答案是instructions。 6. 【解析】on?？疾榻樵~。rely on為固定搭配。答案是on。 7. 【解析】to protect?？疾椴欢ㄊ?。不定式作目的狀語。答案是to protect。 8. 【解析】Fortunately?？疾楦痹~。在句首作狀語, 答案是Fortunately。 9. 【解析】themselves?？疾榉瓷泶~。主語是young people, have involved的賓語應該是themselves。 10. 【解析】writing?？疾榉侵^語動詞。taking photos, drawing pictures 和or后面的短語應該是并列結構, 因此答案是writing。 - 10 -