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Appendix I Key to Exercises (Units 1-8) Unit 1 Part I Pre-Reading Task Script for the recording: The song you are about to hear is all about taking a break from city life, escaping from the crowds, rinding a quiet place, far from trie human race. For those of us who live in cities, getting out in the country can provide a welcome break, letting us recharge our batteries. Out in the country, as the song says, we can find a place to stand alone and take tack somethin worth remembering. The countryside also promises escape from the pollution of the city, somewhere to get some decent air to breathe. The countryside also offers somewhere where the sun is not hidden by smog, making it seem no more than a bright spot in the nighttime. So, just remember, as the song advises, whenever you need a bit or room to move When life becomes too fast 66 - Appendix I ^ you can always find relief at last Out in the country. Here is the song: Out in the Country Paul Williams/Roger Nichols Whenever I need to leave it all heh ind Or feel the need to get away I find a quiet place, far from the human race Out in the country Before the hreathin air is gone Before the sun is just a hright spot in the nighttime Out where the rivers like to run I stand alone and take hack somethin worth rememherin Whenever I feel them closing in on me Or need a hit of room to move When life hecomes too fast, I find relief at last Out in the country Before the hreathin air is gone Before the sun is just a hright spot in the nighttime Out where the rivers like to run I stand alone and take hack somethin worth rememherin Before the hreathin air is gone Before the sun is just a hright spot in the nighttime Out where the rivers like to run I stand alone and take hack somethin worth rememherin Before the hreathin air is gone Before the sun is just a hright spot in the nighttime Out where the rivers lite to run \ Appendix I - 69 - I stand alone and take tack somethin worth rememberin Berore the breathin air is gone Before tbe sun is just a brigbt spot in tbe nighttime. ■■ I stand alone... . Part II Text A Text Organization 1.  Parts Paragraphs .. , ? Main Ideas Part One Paras 1-3 The writer views his life in the country as a self-reliant and satisfying one. Part Two Paras 4-7 Life in the country is good yet sometimes very hard. Part Three Paras 8-11 After quitting his job, the writers income was reduced, but he and his family were able to manage to get by. Part Four Paras 12-15 ■ A tolerance for solitude and a lot of energy have made it possible for the family to enjoy their life in the country. 2. Happy Moments and Events 1) growing nearly all their fruits and vegetables 2) canoeing, picnicking, long bicycle rides, etc. 3) keeping warm inside the house in winter 4) writing freelance articles 5) earning enough money while maintaining a happy family life Hardships 1) working hard both in winter and in summer 2) harsh environment and weather condition 3) anxious moments after the writer quit his job 4) cutting back on daily expenses 5) solitude  -90- Appendix I Vocabulary insurance aside from resist supplemented wicked budget boundary at that point cut back / down get by face up to turning out 1. 1) 3) 5) 7) 9) 11) 13) 15) 2. 1) 3) 5) 7) 3. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 4. 1) 2) 3) 2) On balance 4) cut back 6) haul 8) sprayed 10) illustrated 12) digest 14) get by 2) pickup 4) get through 6) turn in 8) think up While farming, Benneker pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy. Misused words often generate misleading thoughts. Lafayette Hotel is patronized by international celebrities drawn to its French food and service. A person who thinks that money will do everything may well be suspected of doing everything for money. A person surely has to face a good many bitter disappointments before he gets through life. Seeing that more and more people are concerned about the quality of their indoor environments, John is considering starting an interior decoration business. It seems certain to earn a profit, but he does not yet have enough money to invest in it. This device is primarily used for the improvement of the sound quality of electronic media. It was invented in the US, but now it is used on a global scale. When the first settlers came to America, their household utensils consisted of a few pots, pans and some bowls stacked in one corner of the house. There wasnt much material temptation around them. They never dined out in a restaurant as we often do nowadays. II. Confusable Words 1. 1) house 3) home, family 2) Home 4) household 1) doubt 3) doubted 5) suspect 2) suspected 4) suspected III. Word Formation 1) rise 3) regular 5) hows, whys 7) yellowed 9) lower 2) final 4) cash 6) upped 8) bottled 10) search Slructurc 1.1) when it comes to changing your life 2) when it comes to such matters as keeping the room tidy 3) when it comes to emotional intelligence 4) when it comes to managing minor matters 2. 1) Not everyone agrees on what is right and what is wrong 2) but, unfortunately, money isnt everything 3) not all Americans like them 4) Not all people share the same interests Comprehensive txercises I. Cloze (A) 1. gets by 3. get through 5. improvements 7. suspect 9. profit 11. spraying (B) 1. While 3. begin 2. temptation 4. picked up 6. aside from 8. supplement 10. primarily 12. stacking 2. escape 4. Because/As - 92 - Appendix I 5. quit 6. start 7. on 8. but (also) 9. be 10. close 11. have 12. cutting 13. cook/prepare 14. cities 15. however 16. family II. Translation A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened / set up a household equipment store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily because of/owing to/due to their desire to improve the quality of their lives. But, to run a small business is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premiums for the various kinds of insurance she needed. Once she could not even pick up the phone bill and had to ask her parents to loan her some money. Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life. Part III TextB Comprehension Check l.a 2. c 3.d 4. b 5. a 6. c translation (#JE Appendix III) Language Practice 1. In addition 2. roast Appendix I - 93 - 3. percentage 5. cable 7. get along 9. whip up 111. commute 13. taken over 15. mushroomed 17. fried 19. array 4. entertainment 6. at one time 8. missed out on 3k 10. as a result 12. rent 14. make sense 16. go with 18. dizzy 20. gasped Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Model paper Recent Changes in Chinese Family Life Great changes have taken place in Chinese family life in the past twenty years. In my parents words, the difference between their childhood and mine is as vast as that between heaven and earth. When my parents were young, there was no TV, no computers nor any other electronic appliances in their home. Their food was simple and their clothing plain. What is unbelievable to young people today is that they seldom dined out in a restaurant, or traveled to a scenic spot for a holiday. In contrast to family life one generation ago, each family in China today has at least one TV set and many have been equipped with telephones, computers, even cars. While the senior members of a family watch films on TV at home, the younger members like to play computer games or talk to their friends who may live thousands of miles from them. The changes in Chinese family life mirror the economic development of our country. Without the prosperity of the whole country, our family life would probably be just the same as before. Times have changed, and changed, most would surely agree with me, for the better. (194 words) - 9^ - Appendix I Unit 2 Part I Pre-Reading Task Script for the recording: The song you are going to listen to is called Abraham, Martin & John, sung by Dion. Abraham, Martin & John Dion Has anybody here, Seen my old friend Abraham, Can you tell me, where hes gone, He freed a lotta people, But it seems the good die young, I just loohed around, And hes gone, Has anybody here, Seen my old friend John, Can you tell me, where hes gone, He freed a lotta people, But it seems the good die young, I just loohed around, And he s gone, Has anybody here, Seen my old friend Martin, Appendix I - 95 - Can you tell me, where hes gone, He freed a lotta people, But it seems the good die young, I just looked around, And hes gone, Didnt you love the things they stood for, Didnt they try to find some good for you and me, And well he free, Someday soon its gonna be one day, Has anybody here, Seen my old friend Bothy, Can you tell me, where hes gone, I thought I saw him walhin up over the hill, With Ahrah am, Martin and John. The unit we are going to study is all about civil-rights heroes. The song you have just heard is about four of them. Can you guess who they are? All are American. All are dead, all, as the song says, "gone". How about Abraham? Dion says he freed a lot of people. Thats one clue. Another comes when she quotes the proverb: "the good die young." So it seems Abraham died young. My guess is Dion has in mind Abraham Lincoln, the American president who freed the slaves and was assassinated. How about John, another leader who helped people to free themselves? He too died young. Can you guess who it might be? President John F. Kennedy seems most likely. He too supported civil rights. He too died young, assassinated like Lincoln. Now who could Martin be? Another civil-rights leader who died young, once again assassinated. A great speaker comes to mind. Who do you think? Martin Luther King, surely. And finally, Bobby. Bobby who? Probably Dion is thinking of Bobby Kennedy, John Kennedys brother, another supporter of civil rights. He was running for president when, like his brother before him, he too was gunned down. - 96 - Appendix I Part II Text A Text Organization 1. Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas Part One Paras 1-5 It is high time to honor the heroes who helped liberate slaves by forging the Underground Railroad in the early civil-rights struggles in America. Part Two Paras 6-23 By citing examples the author praises the exploits of civil-rights heroes who helped slaves travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. 2. Story 1 (Paras 6-10): After winning his own freedom from slavery, John Parker helped other slaves to escape north to Canada to get freedom. Story 2 (Paras 11-15): Supported by a strong religious conviction, the white man Levi Coffin helped black slaves to escape at huge risk to himself. Story 3 (Paras 16-23): By traveling the Underground Railroad, Josiah Henson reached his destination and became free at last. Vocabulary I. 1. 1) decades 2) historic 3) imposed 4) racial 5) slender 6) closing in on 7) settlement 8) site 9) mission 10) authorized 11) terminal 12) make the best of 13) exploits 14) religious 15) on the side 2. 1) pass for 2) stood up for 3) laid down 4) take on Appendix I - 97 - 5) let (us) down 6) draw on 7) come up 8) given up 3. 1) The Europeans are fully confident that the Americans will not be able to justify their mea- sures to protect the struggling American steel industry. 2) Clinton is, in the eyes of Joe Klein, staff writer of the New Yorker and author of The Natural, the most talented politician of his generation and the most compelling. 3) Theres not much you can do if people are really intent on destroying themselves with drugs. 4) A different experience of the world could forge a completely different approach to life. 5) It is our conviction that cloning of human beings is bound to cause many ethical and social problems in the long run. 4. 1) As for the protection of these endangered species, many countries do not compel fisher- men to report accidental capture of small cetaceans (H %}$}) in their nets, so significant catches may go unnoticed for years. To deal with this problem, animal protectionists have forged an international alliance. On the other hand they have urged the United Nations to lay down more specific laws to save these animals. 2) It was reported that food supplies would soon run out and most of the victims of the earthquake would starve to death. At huge risk, a group of volunteers from the Red Cross took on the mission to transport food, clothes and medicine to the most seriously hit areas. 3) A rally was going to be held in honor of the 16th US President Abraham Lincoln who abolished slavery in 1863 and liberated the slaves in the South. In the eyes of many African-Americans, Lincoln was Americas greatest president thanks to his outstanding exploits. II. Words with Multiple Meanings 1. Ill tell you about my research project in a minute, but first lets hear about your French trip. 2. Most McDonalds look almost the same on the outside, but actually there are about 16 different basic designs. 3. Loaning money from the banks is but one of the methods we can use to get through a financial crisis. 4. This second-hand car has been nothing but trouble; its always breaking down. 5. In your resume youve mentioned everything but one vital point. 6. Our technicians have discovered a simple but effective solution to the problem. 7. I am sorry, but I think you shouldnt have delayed your homework. 8. The bankruptcy of the company was not caused by evil, but by simple ignorance. - 9$ - Appendix I III. Usage 1. lonely 2. friendly 3. weekly, monthly 4. lovely 5. cowardly 6. kindly / saintly 7. lively 8. motherly Structure 1. 1) A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow. 2) Thus encouraged, we made a still bolder plan for the next year. 3) Our government has banned imports of cosmetics containing animal products from 18 countries, mostly in Europe, for fear that they could cause mad cow disease. 4) Having graduated from St. Marys College, Joyce applied to the University of California at Los Angeles. 2. 1) Often it is in overcoming hardships that we come to appreciate the value of life. 2) Some scientists believe that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and farmers incomes, reduce prices and help combat hunger and disease in the developing countries. 3) With repeated hackers attacks on our system, we have come to realize the necessity of hiring a computer-security expert. 4) Having conducted some surveys in Chinese kindergartens, Howard Gardner came to understand that the Chinese preferred "teaching by holding the hand". Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 1. Underground 2. forged 3. stand up 4. transport 5. compelled 6. convictions 7. liberating 8. mission 9. abolish 10. intent on 11. risk (B) 1. who 2. the Appendix I - 99 - 3. along 4. in 5. that 6. through 7. not 8. as 9. referred 10. escape 11. where 12. If 13. in 14. even 15. until 16. instead 17. as II. Translation Hensons painful life as a slave strengthened his determination to struggle for freedom. Shortly after he achieved freedom he became a member of an organization that assisted fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. In addition, later he built a small settlement in Dresden in Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school where they could learn useful ways of making a living. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, all the slaves would be liberated, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed. Part III TextB Comprehension Check 1. a 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. b 6. b Translation (#J& Appendix III) Language Practice 1. remarkable 2. commitment 3. flourish 4. resulted from - 100 - Appendix I 5. grave 6. In the midst of 7. enforce 8. recovery 9. guarantee 10. remedy 11. discriminate 12. with each passing day 13. unlike 14. subjected to 15. at best 16. plays up 17. come a long way 18. do well 19. against all the odds 20. In this context Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Model paper The Civil-Rights Movement in the U.S. Black Africans were first brought as slaves to what was to become the United States in the seventeenth century. Slavery was strongest in the South, where large plantations grew cotton, tobacco, and other crops. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, a growing demand for cotton led to an increase in the demand for slaves in the region. Slavery was less profitable in the North, however, and much of the opposition to slavery came from the northern states. The tension between the North and the South over the issue of slavery led to the Civil War in 1861. With the victory of the North, slavery was abolished. Discrimination, however, did not end. Black Americans were treated as second class citizens, especially in the South. Dissatisfaction with unfair treatment eventually led to the civil rights protests of the 1950s and 1960s that brought about government action aimed at reducing discrimination. As a result, African Americans have come a long way in the last fifty years, but they still find themselves at a disadvantage in comparison with Americans of European descent. Only 17 per cent of the black population are able to finish higher education, in contrast to 28 per cent of whites. Incomes for the average white family were just over $44,000 in 1999. For an average black family, however, the figure was in the region of $25,000. Not one of the chief executive officers of the top 500 companies is black. Anyway, the civil-rights movement in the U.S. still has a long way to go. (254 words) Appendix I - 101 - Unit 3 Part I Pre-Reading Task Script for the recording: The song you are about to hear is all about a "Saturday Night Special". Listen and see if you can guess what a Saturday Night Special is. Saturday Night Special Lynyrd Skynyrd Two feets1 they come a-creepin 2 Like a black cat do. Ana two bodies are layin naked, Creeper thinks lies got nothin to lose. So he creeps into the house, yean, And unlocks the door, And as a mans reachin for his trousers Snoots him full or 38 holes. Its the Saturday Night Special, Got a barrel thats blue and cold. Aint no good for nothing4 But put a man six feet in a hole. Big Jims keen a-drinkin whiskey, And playin poker on a losin night, 1 Two feets: Normally we say two feet. 2 a-creepin: in the state of creeping, "a-", here, is a prefix meaning "in the state or process of. 3 38 refers to a 38 calibre (P S) handgun or pistol. 4 Aint no good for nothing: a non-standard way of saying "They are good for nothing" - 102 - Appendix I And pretty soon ol Jim starts thinkin Somebodys been cheatin and lyin . So big Jim commenced to fightin1, I wouldnt tell you no lies. big Jim done pulled his pistol, Snot his friend right between the eyes. Its the Saturday Night Special, Got a barrel thats blue and cold. Aint no good for nothin But put a man six feet in a hole. On, thats a Saturday Night Special, For twenty dollars you can buy yourself one, too. Hand guns are made for till in , They aint no good for nothin