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2019年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(北京卷) 英 語 (考試時間:100分鐘 試卷滿分:120分) 考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。 考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。 第一部分:知識運用(共兩節(jié)，45分) 第一節(jié) 語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分) A 閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。 On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges. I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”. B 閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。 Earth Day，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated ___5___ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地區(qū)). No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save power—the possibilities are endless. C 閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。 Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question ___7___(suggest)that，for most students，it doesnt. What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(資源)，Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___10___(meaning)college experience. 第二節(jié) 完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分) 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。 Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time. A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been ___11___ free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started ___12___ his car to the young people. Wilson has ___13___ am astonishing 64, 000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous ___14___ with the students he transports to and from school. The students who hes ___15___ have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what theyve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students ___16___ call him “Grandpa”. Tina Stern ___17___ rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free ___18___. "Its not just a ride；youre not just sitting there in ___19___ silence or with your headphones on.” Stern said. “He asks you questions and actually ___20___ the answers, so the next time you ride with him, hell ___21___ those things." Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organisation. On Point for College. Although the ___22___ asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes ___23___ to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration. Wilson is there to ___24___ them. If they run out of certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase whats needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never ___25___ to buy them a meal. For many students, Wilsons help is not only appreciated, its also entirely ___26___ for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students dont have a reliable car, while others have to ___27___ vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has ___28___ them to complete their education — but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the ___29___. “I just love driving and I love these kids, "Wilson said. "Its such a(n) ___30___ to be a part of these kids’ lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories." 11. A. linking B. sending C. offering D. distributing 12. A. donating B. lending C. delivering D. volunteering 13. A. paved B. covered C. measured D. wandered 14. A. arguments B. interviews C. negotiations D. wandered 15. A. met B. driven C. addressed D. conversations 16. A. even B. ever C. once D. already 17. A. earned B. received C. assessed D. demanded 18. A. transportation B. style C. time D. communication 19. A. forced B. awkward C. ridiculous D. suspicious 20. A. selects B. recites C. guesses D. remembers 21. A. act on B. settle on C. check on D. agree on 22. A. club B. league C. college D. programme 23. A. far B. around C. beyond D. forwards 24. A. assist B. watch C. urge D. warm 25. A. expects B. attempts C. manages D. hesitates 26. A. extra B. unusual C. necessary D. adequate 27. A. share B. fuel C. repair D. exchange 28. A. required B. allowed C. reminded D. convinced 29. A. experience B. arrangement C. appreciation D. employment 30. A. effort B. ambition C. privilege D. convenience 第二部分:閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，40分) 第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，共30分) 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。 A Want to explore new cultures，meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all the three with Global Development Association(GDA).Whatever stage of life youre at，wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA，youll create positive changes in a poor and remote community(社區(qū)). We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24.Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75.They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such roles as project managers，mountain leaders，and communication officers. Depending on which role you choose，you could help to increase a communitys access to safe drinking water，or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers. Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally，youll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people wholl become your lifelong friends. This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes: Country Schedule 4-week programmes 7-week programmes Algeria 5 Jul.- 1Aug. 20Jun. -7Aug. Egypt 24 Jul-20 Aug. 19Jun.-6 Aug. Kenya 20 Jul.-16Aug. 18 Jun.-5 Aug. South Africa 2Aug-29 Aug. 15 Jun.-2Aug. GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities. There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities. Find out more about joining a GDA programme: Website:www.glodeve.org Email:humanresources@glodeve.org 31. What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers? A. To seek local partners B. To take in young volunteers C. To carry out programmes D. To foster cultural awareness 32. The programme beginning in August will operate in . A. Egypt B. Algeria C. Kenya D. South Afria 33. The shared goal of GDA’s projects to . A explore new cultures B. protect the environment C. gain corporate benefit D. help communities in need B Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(創(chuàng)業(yè)者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13，her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids teeth，instead of destroying them. It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why cant I make a healthy candy thats good for my teeth so that my parents cant say no to it?" With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain. With her dads permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria. Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moores product-Cancandy. As CanCandys success grows, so does Moores credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and shes also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile. Meanwhile, with her parents help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasnt driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandys profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore. 34. How did Moore react to her dads warning? A. She argued with him. B. She tried to find a way out. C. She paid no attention. D. She chose to consult dentists. 35. What is special about CanCandy? A. It is beneficial to dental health. B. It is free of sweeteners. C. It is sweeter than other candies. D. It is produced to a dentists recipe. 36. What does Moore expect from her business? A. To earn more money. B. To help others find smiles. C. To make herself stand out. D. To beat other candy companies. 37. What can we learn from Alice Moores story? A. Fame is a great thirst of the young. B. A youth is to be regarded with respect. C. Positive thinking and action result in success. D. Success means getting personal desires satisfied C The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they dont know. By next year，half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺詐).We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately，its too little，too late. By the time these “solutions"(解決方案)become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future，its not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice youre hearing is actually real. Thats because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation ( 處理 ) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use .At this years I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human –sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection. These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches(數(shù)據(jù)侵入)of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother s name ，and far more. Armed with this knowledge. theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means. for example，that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller s，ricking you into "confirming " your address，mothers name，and card number. Scammers follow money，so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually. We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images showing when and who they were made by. or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity. Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out. 38. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robecalls? A. Panicked. B. Confused. C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed. 39. taking advantage of the new technologies，scammer can______. A. aim at victims precisely B. damage databases easily C. start campaigns rapidly D. spread information widely 40. What does the passage imply? A. Honesty is the best policy. B. Technologies can be double-edited. C. There are more solutions than problems. D. Credibility holds the key to development. 41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted B. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Roboealls C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology D By the end of the century，if not sooner，the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study. At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物)called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the oceans appearance. Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients. Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MITs Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. ”she said，“but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ” 42. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about? A. The various patterns at the ocean surface. B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour. C. The way light reflects off marine organisms. D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton. 43. What does the underlined word“vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Sensitive. B. Beneficial C. Significant D. Unnoticeable 44. What can we learn from the passage? A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem. B. Dutkiewiczs model aims to project phytoplankton changes C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener. 45. What is the main purpose of the passage？ A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton 第二節(jié) (共5小題；每小題2分，共10分) 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._____46_____Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent？ ___47___They focused on football，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent；above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly，this trend isn’t evident in baseball. where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance. To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(協(xié)調(diào))their actions.______48______In baseball，the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is. for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the teams performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.”___49___ Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比賽)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force. ___50___.An A-team may require a balance-not just A players，but a few generous B players as well. A. Its not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent. B Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers attention. D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship. E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent. G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball. 第三部分:書面表達(共兩節(jié)，35分) 第一節(jié) (15分) 51.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國好友Jim打算暑假期間來北京、天津和上海旅游，發(fā)來郵件詢問相關(guān)信息。請你給他回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容包括: 1.交通出行； 2.必備衣物。 注意: 1.詞數(shù)不少于50； 2.開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Jim， ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二節(jié)(20分) 52.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你們班上周組織了一次以“勞動最光榮”為主題的社會實踐活動。請根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，寫一篇英文周記，記述整個過程。 注意:詞數(shù)不少于60。 提示詞:西瓜watermelon _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________