ZL50裝載機(jī)總體及工作裝置設(shè)計

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編號 無錫太湖學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 相關(guān)資料 題目： 深筒件的沖壓工藝及模具設(shè)計 信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動化專業(yè) 學(xué) 號： 0923224 學(xué)生姓名： 盧 棟 指導(dǎo)教師： 高漢華 （職稱：副教授 ） （職稱： ） 2013年5月25日 目 錄 一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）開題報告 二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文 三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實表” 四、實習(xí)鑒定表 無錫太湖學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 開題報告 題目： 深筒件的沖壓工藝及模具設(shè)計 信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動化 專業(yè) 學(xué) 號： 0923224 學(xué)生姓名： 盧 棟 指導(dǎo)教師： 高漢華（職稱：副教授） 2013年5月25日 課題來源 來源于生產(chǎn)實際 科學(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢；應(yīng)用前景等） （1）課題科學(xué)意義 冷沖壓是利用安裝在壓力機(jī)上的沖模對材料施加壓力，使其產(chǎn)生分離或塑性變形，從而獲得所需要零件的一種壓力加工方法。模具是制造業(yè)的一種基本工藝裝備，它的作用是控制和限制材料（固態(tài)或液態(tài)）的流動，使之形成所需要的形體。利用冷沖壓模具制造零件以其效率高，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好，材料消耗低，生產(chǎn)成本低而廣泛應(yīng)用于制造業(yè)中。冷沖壓模具工業(yè)是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)，是國際上公認(rèn)的關(guān)鍵工業(yè)。模具生產(chǎn)技術(shù)水平的高低是衡量一個國家產(chǎn)品制造水平高低的重要標(biāo)志，它在很大程度上決定著產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，效益和新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)能力。振興和發(fā)展我國的模具工業(yè)，正日益受到人們的關(guān)注。 研究內(nèi)容 1.了解冷沖模具設(shè)計的方法和技巧。 2.了解深筒件的沖壓工藝和主要部件的參數(shù)計算。 3.了解深筒件沖壓模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的選用。 4.了解深筒件沖壓模具零、部件的設(shè)計。 5.了解深筒件沖壓模具設(shè)計 擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實驗方案及可行性分析 （1）實驗方案 使用CAD畫出模具的三視圖，標(biāo)注好詳細(xì)尺寸，然后進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析，計算。 （2）研究方法 ① 在CAD圖紙條件下，分析模具的具體構(gòu)造從而進(jìn)行模具設(shè)計。 ② 在CAD的分析下，對零件的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析設(shè)計模具。 研究計劃及預(yù)期成果 研究計劃： 2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日：按照任務(wù)書要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料，填寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計開題報告書。 2012年12月3日-2013年1月4日：指導(dǎo)專業(yè)實訓(xùn)。 2013年1月6日-2013年1月20日：指導(dǎo)畢業(yè)實習(xí)。 2013年2月11日-2013年2月16日：制定設(shè)計方案。 2013年2月18日-2013年3月9日：進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)計算和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。 2013年3月11日-2013年3月16日：繪制模具圖。 2013年3月18日-2013年4月6日：繪制零件圖。 2013年4月8日-2013年4月13日：第二副模具圖。 2013年3月15日-2013年4月20日：編寫設(shè)計說明書。 2013年5月6日-2013年5月10日：檢查學(xué)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計。 2013年5月13日-2013年5月18日：修改打印設(shè)計資料。 2013年5月20日-2013年5月25日：準(zhǔn)備答辯。 預(yù)期成果： 達(dá)到預(yù)期的實驗結(jié)論：使用CAD，畫出零件的三維圖，更清楚的能表現(xiàn)出零件的各項尺寸、圖樣，更有利于對沖壓工藝的了解和設(shè)計出模具，又能保證較高的圖像質(zhì)量。 特色或創(chuàng)新之處 ① 使用CAD畫圖，效果明顯，方便查看參量，能夠直觀判斷實驗結(jié)果。 ② 采用CAD畫圖，能夠使思路清晰，簡潔明了，行之有效。 已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題 ① 實驗方案思路已經(jīng)非常明確，已經(jīng)具備使用CAD的能力和圖像處理方面的知識。 ② 使用CAD的能力尚需加強(qiáng)。 指導(dǎo)教師意見 指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 2012年 11 月 30 日 教研室（學(xué)科組、研究所）意見 教研室主任簽名： 年 月 日 系意見 主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名： 年 月 日 英文原文 umNerical control technology and equipping development trend and countermeasure Equip the engineering level, level of determining the whole national economy of the modernized degree and modernized degree of industry, numerical control technology is it develop new developing new high-tech industry and most advanced industry to equip (such as information technology and his industry, biotechnology and his industry, aviation, spaceflight, etc. national defense industry) last technology and getting more basic most equipment. Marx has ever said "the differences of different economic times, do not lie in what is produced, and lie in how to produce, produce with some means of labor ". Manufacturing technology and equipping the most basic means of production that are that the mankind produced the activity, and numerical control technology is nowadays advanced manufacturing technology and equips the most central technology. Nowadays the manufacturing industry all around the world adopts numerical control technology extensively, in order to improve manufacturing capacity and level, improve the adaptive capacity and competitive power to the changeable market of the trends. In addition every industrially developed country in the world also classifies the technology and numerical control equipment of numerical control as the strategic materials of the country, not merely take the great measure to develop one's own numerical control technology and industry, and implement blockading and restrictive policy to our country in view of " high-grade, precision and advanced key technology of numerical control " and equipping. In a word, develop the advanced manufacturing technology taking numerical control technology as the core and already become every world developed country and accelerate economic development in a more cost-effective manner, important way to improve the overall national strength and national position. Numerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information, integrated products of electromechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry, namely the so-called digitization is equipped, its technological range covers a lot of fields: (1)Mechanical manufacturing technology; (2)Information processing, processing, transmission technology; (3)Automatic control technology; (4)Servo drive technology; (5)Technology of the sensor; (6)Software engineering ,etc.. 1 Development trend of a numerical control technology The application of numerical control technology has not only brought the revolutionary change to manufacturing industry of the tradition, make the manufacturing industry become the industrialized symbol , and with the constant development of numerical control technology and enlargement of the application, the development of some important trades (IT , automobile , light industry , medical treatment ,etc. ) to the national economy and the people's livelihood of his plays a more and more important role, because the digitization that these trades needed to equip has already been the main trend of modern development. Numerical control technology in the world at present and equipping the development trend to see, there is the following several respect [1- ] in its main research focus. 1.1 A high-speed, high finish machining technology and new trend equipped The efficiency, quality are subjavanufacturing technology. High-speed, high finish machining technology can raise the efficiency greatly , improve the quality and grade of the products, shorten production cycle and improve the market competitive power. Japan carries the technological research association first to classify it as one of the 5 great modern manufacturing technologies for this, learn (CIRP) to confirm it as the centre in the 21st century and study one of the directions in international production engineering. In the field of car industry, produce one second when beat such as production of 300,000 / vehicle per year, and many variety process it is car that equip key problem that must be solved one of; In the fields of aviation and aerospace industry, spare parts of its processing are mostly the thin wall and thin muscle, rigidity is very bad, the material is aluminium or aluminium alloy, only in a situation that cut the speed and cut strength very small high, could process these muscles, walls. Adopt large-scale whole aluminium alloy method that blank " pay empty " make the wing recently, such large-scale parts as the fuselage ,etc. come to substitute a lot of parts to assemble through numerous rivet , screw and other connection way, make the intensity , rigidity and dependability of the component improved. All these, to processing and equipping the demand which has proposed high-speed, high precise and high flexibility. According to EMO2001 exhibition situation, high-speed machining center is it give speed can reach 80m/min is even high , air transport competent speed can up to 100m/min to be about to enter. A lot of automobile factories in the world at present, including Shanghai General Motors Corporation of our country, have already adopted and substituted and made the lathe up with the production line part that the high-speed machining center makes up. HyperMach lathe of U.S.A. CINCINNATI Company enters to nearly biggest 60m/min of speed, it is 100m/min to be fast, the acceleration reaches 2g, the rotational speed of the main shaft has already reached 60 000r/min. Processing a thin wall of plane parts, spend 30min only, and same part general at a high speed milling machine process and take 3h, the ordinary milling machine is being processed to need 8h; The speed and acceleration of main shaft of dual main shaft lathes of Germany DMG Company are up to 120000r/mm and 1g. In machining accuracy, the past 10 years, ordinary progression accuse of machining accuracy of lathe bring 5μm up to from 10μm already, accurate grades of machining center from 3～5μm, rise to 1～1.5μm, and ultraprecision machining accuracy is it enter nanometer grade to begin already (0.01μm). In dependability, MTBF value of the foreign numerical control device has already reached above 6 000h, MTBF value of the servo system reaches above 30000h, demonstrate very high dependability . In order to realize high-speed, high finish machining, if the part of function related to it is electric main shaft, straight line electrical machinery get fast development, the application is expanded further . 1.2 Link and process and compound to process the fast development of the lathe in 5 axes Adopt 5 axles to link the processing of the three-dimensional curved surface part, can cut with the best geometry form of the cutter , not only highly polished, but also efficiency improves by a large margin . It is generally acknowledged, the efficiency of an 5 axle gear beds can equal 2 3 axle gear beds, is it wait for to use the cubic nitrogen boron the milling cutter of ultra hard material is milled and pared at a high speed while quenching the hard steel part, 5 axles link and process 3 constant axles to link and process and give play to higher benefit. Because such reasons as complicated that 5 axles link the numerical control system , host computer structure that but go over, it is several times higher that its price links the numerical control lathe than 3 axles , in addition the technological degree of difficulty of programming is relatively great, have restricted the development of 5 axle gear beds. At present because of electric appearance of main shaft, is it realize 5 axle complex main shaft hair structure processed to link greatly simplify to make, it makes degree of difficulty and reducing by a large margin of the cost, the price disparity of the numerical control system shrinks. So promoted 5 axle gear beds of head of complex main shaft and compound to process the development of the lathe (process the lathe including 5). At EMO2001 exhibition, new Japanese 5 of worker machine process lathe adopt complex main shaft hair, can realize the processing of 4 vertical planes and processing of the wanton angle, make 5 times process and 5 axles are processed and can be realized on the same lathe, can also realize the inclined plane and pour the processing of the hole of awls. Germany DMG Company exhibits the DMUVoution series machining center, but put and insert and put processing and 5 axles 5 times to link and process in once, can be controlled by CNC system or CAD/CAM is controlled directly or indirectly. 1.3 Become the main trend of systematic development of contemporary numerical control intelligently, openly, networkedly. The numerical control equipment in the 21st century will be sure the intelligent system, the intelligent content includes all respects in the numerical control system: It is intelligent in order to pursue the efficiency of processing and process quality, control such as the self-adaptation of the processing course, the craft parameter is produced automatically; Join the convenient one in order to improve the performance of urging and use intelligently, if feedforward control , adaptive operation , electrical machinery of parameter , discern load select models , since exactly makes etc. automatically; The ones that simplified programming , simplified operating aspect are intelligent, for instance intelligent automatic programming , intelligent man-machine interface ,etc.; There are content of intelligence diagnose , intelligent monitoring , diagnosis convenient to be systematic and maintaining ,etc.. Produce the existing problem for the industrialization of solving the traditional numerical control system sealing and numerical control application software. A lot of countries carry on research to the open numerical control system at present, such as NGC of U.S.A. (The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control), OSACA of European Community (Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems), OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller) of Japan, ONC (Open Numerical Control System) of China, etc.. The numerical control system melts to become the future way of the numerical control system open. The so-called open numerical control system is the development of the numerical control system can be on unified operation platform, face the lathe producer and end user, through changing, increasing or cutting out the structure target(numerical control function), form the serration, and can use users specially conveniently and the technical know-how is integrated in the control system, realize the open numerical control system of different variety , different grade fast, form leading brand products with distinct distinction. System structure norm of the open numerical control system at present, communication norm , disposing norm , operation platform , numerical control systematic function storehouse and numerical control systematic function software development ,etc. are the core of present research. The networked numerical control equipment is a new light spot of the fair of the internationally famous lathe in the past two years. Meeting production line , manufacture system , demand for the information integration of manufacturing company networkedly greatly of numerical control equipment, realize new manufacture mode such as quick make , fictitious enterprise , basic Entrance that the whole world make too. Some domestic and international famous numerical control lathes and systematic manufacturing companies of numerical control have all introduced relevant new concepts and protons of a machine in the past two years, if in EMO2001 exhibition, " Cyber Production Center " that the company exhibits of mountain rugged campstool gram in Japan (Mazak) (intellectual central production control unit, abbreviated as CPC); The lathe company of Japanese big Wei (Okuma ) exhibits " IT plaza " (the information technology square , is abbreviated as IT square ); Open Manufacturing Environment that the company exhibits of German Siemens (Siemens ) (open the manufacturing environment, abbreviated as OME),etc., have reflected numerical control machine tooling to the development trend of networked direction. 1.4 Pay attention to the new technical standard, normal setting-up 1.4.1 Design the norm of developing about the numerical control system As noted previously, there are better common ability, flexibility, adaptability, expanding in the open numerical control system, such countries as U.S.A. ,European Community and Japan ,etc. implement the strategic development plan one after another , carry on the research and formulation of the systematic norm (OMAC , OSACA , OSEC ) of numerical control of the open system structure, 3 biggest economies in the world have carried on the formulation that nearly the same science planned and standardized in a short time, have indicated a new arrival of period of change of numerical control technology. Our country started the research and formulation of standardizing the frame of ONC numerical control system of China too in 2000. 1.4.2 About the numerical control standard The numerical control standard is a kind of trend of information-based development of manufacturing industry. Information exchange among 50 years after numerical control technology was born was all because of ISO6983 standard, namely adopt G, M code describes how processes, its essential characteristic faces the processing course, obviously, he can't meet high-speed development of modern numerical control technology's needs more and more already. For this reason, studying and making a kind of new CNC system standard ISO14649 (STEP-NC) in the world, its purpose is to offer a kind of neutral mechanism not depending on the concrete system, can describe the unified data model in cycle of whole life of the products, thus realize the whole manufacture process, standardization of and even each industrial field product information. The appearance of STEP-NC may be a revolution of the technological field of the numerical control, on the development and even the whole manufacturing industry of numerical control technology, will exert a far-reaching influence. First of all, STEP-NC puts forward a kind of brand-new manufacture idea, in the traditional manufacture idea, NC processes the procedures to all concentrate on individual computer. Under the new standard, NC procedure can be dispersed on Internet, this is exactly a direction of open , networked development of numerical control technology. Secondly, STEP-NC numerical control system can also reduce and process the drawing (about 75%), process the procedure to work out the time (about 35%) and process the time (about 50%) greatly. At present, American-European countries pay much attention to the research of STEP-NC, Europe initiates IMS plan (1999.1.1-2001.12.3) of STEP-NC. 20 CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC users, manufacturers and academic organizations from Europe and Japan participated in this plan. STEP Tools Company of U.S.A. is a developer of the data interchange software of manufacturing industry in the global range, he has already developed the super model (Super Model ) which accuses of information exchange of machine tooling by counting, its goal is to describe all processing courses with the unified norm. Such new data interchange form has already been verified in allocating the SIEMENS, FIDIA and European OSACA-NC numerical control at present. 2 pairs of basic estimations of technology and industry development of numerical control of our country The technology of numerical control of our country started in 1958, the development course in the past 50 years can roughly be divided into 3 stages: The first stage is from 1958 to 1979, namely closed developing stage. In this stages, because technology of foreign countries blockade and basic restriction of terms of our country, the development of numerical control technology is comparatively slow. During "Sixth Five-Year Plan Period" , " the Seventh Five-Year Plan Period " of the country in second stage and earlier stage in " the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period ", namely introduce technology, digest and assimilate, the stage of establishing the system of production domesticization arisesing tentatively. At this stage , because of reform and opening-up and national attention , and study the improvement of the development environment and international environment, research , development and all making considerable progress in production domesticization of the products of the technology of numerical control of our country. The third stage is and during the "Ninth Five-Year Plan Period" on the later stage in "the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period" of the country, namely implement the research of industrialization, enter market competition stage. At this stage, made substantive progress in industrialization of the domestic numerical control equipment of our country. In latter stage for "the Ninth Five-Year Plan ", the domestic occupation rate of market of the domestic numerical control lathe is up to 50%, it is up to 10% too to mix the domestic numerical control system (popular). Make a general survey of the development course in the past 50 years of technology of numerical control of our country, especially through tackling key problems of 4 Five-Year Plans, all in all has made follo