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編號 無錫太湖學院 畢業(yè)設計（論文） 相關資料 題目： 鉗塊加工工藝及專用夾具設計 信機 系 機械工程及自動化專業(yè) 學 號： 　　　 0923823　　　　 學生姓名： 于　 浩 指導教師： 　 陳偉明 （職稱：副教授 ） （職稱： ） 2013年5月25日 目 錄 一、畢業(yè)設計（論文）開題報告 二、畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文 三、學生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計劃、進度、檢查及落實表” 四、實習鑒定表 無錫太湖學院 畢業(yè)設計（論文） 開題報告 題目： 鉗塊加工工藝及專用夾具設計 信機 系 機械工程及自動化 專業(yè) 學 號： 0923823 學生姓名： 于 浩 指導教師： 陳偉明 （職稱：副教授 ） （職稱： ） 2012年11月25日 課題來源 無錫某企業(yè)實習 科學依據(jù)（包括課題的科學意義；國內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢；應用前景等） 科學意義：機械加工工藝是指用機械加工的方法改變毛坯的形狀、尺寸、相對位置和性質(zhì)使其成為合格零件的全過程，加工工藝是工人進行加工的一個依據(jù)。 機械作為國家發(fā)展概況反應的支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè)，在國民發(fā)展中起了越來越重要的作用，特別是高速發(fā)展的今天，在國與國競爭的今天，更是離不開機械加工行業(yè)，也就意味著需要大批的機械加工工藝的分析者和專用夾具的設計者！這個課題的研究是個基礎性研究，也是機械行業(yè)必不可少的一環(huán)！ 國內(nèi)外研究概況：在中國，《機械加工工藝分析及專用夾具設計》是以機械制造中的工藝問題及夾具設計為研究對象的基礎性學科，是機械制造專業(yè)的主要專業(yè)課。它主要研究各種機械的制造方法和制造過程，產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量及其控制，提高勞動生產(chǎn)率及經(jīng)濟效益的措施，機械制造工藝裝備及其設計基礎。在國外特別是德國，日本等機械行業(yè)較發(fā)達的國家機械加工工藝較國內(nèi)更加趨向于嚴謹，適應，機械加工工藝分析更精細，夾具的設計業(yè)向更有針對性，用最少的材料實現(xiàn)最大的價值！更科學，機床的精度，實用性，復雜性也比國內(nèi)情況更好！ 水平和發(fā)展趨勢：在機械發(fā)展情況來看，國外較國內(nèi)發(fā)展情況好，相比之下，國內(nèi)的較粗放，國外較精細，科學，但發(fā)展趨勢上來看，這個差距正在縮小，我國無論是機械加工工藝分析水平還是專用夾具的設計水平，都有著很好的發(fā)展。 應用前景：機械行業(yè)是國民發(fā)展的支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè)，幾乎滲透的社會生活的各個方面，是國家國家發(fā)展情況的重要方面，隨著國民經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，機械行業(yè)將擁有者更加廣闊的前景！萬丈高樓平地起，機械行業(yè)的發(fā)展離不開加工工藝分析專用夾具設計這些基礎性產(chǎn)業(yè)！ 研究內(nèi)容 鉗塊的技術要求 工藝分析及生產(chǎn)類型的確定 、確定毛坯、繪制毛坯圖 、擬定工藝路線 、加工余量、工序尺寸和公差的確定、確定切削用量及基本工時 專用夾具設計 擬采取的研究方法、技術路線、實驗方案及可行性分析 研究方法： 一方面根據(jù)任務書搜集各類參考書，根據(jù)老師的要求，按步驟走，同時找到一些以前和這個課題相關的設計，借鑒參考，在吃透課本知識的同時根據(jù)課題需要擴展延伸，熟練運用CAD,UG畫圖軟件，作為畢業(yè)設計的最基本的基礎，對于《機械設計》《機械制造基礎》課程要格外關注。不懂不了解的地方及時詢問老師，同學，或者到網(wǎng)上查閱。 技術路線：針對這個設計課題要熟悉各種機械加工工藝技術的具體概況，在加工時會用到各種機床，材料，熟悉它們，懂得它們的作用，能作出什么樣的工件，適合怎么樣的加工等等！了解這些，為此次設計作為技術基礎！ 實驗方案及可行性分析：首先仔細閱讀任務書，認真閱讀圖紙確定毛坯、繪制毛坯圖 、擬定工藝路線 、加工余量、工序尺寸和公差的確定、確定切削用量及基本工時，最后做一個專用夾具設計！ 研究計劃及預期成果 研究計劃： 第1—2周 查找資料、文獻綜述、開題報告 第3—4周 確定毛坯、繪制毛坯圖 第5—5周 擬定工藝路線 第6—9周 加工余量、工序尺寸和公差的確定 第10—14周 確定切削用量及基本工時及專用夾具設計 第15—15周 論文初稿 第15—17周 統(tǒng)調(diào)，論文復稿，編制產(chǎn)品使用說明書 第18—18周 畢業(yè)答辯 預期成果希望一切順利，自己能順利完成畢業(yè)設計！所設計的夾具能夠順利，高效的加工出活動鉗塊這個零件。 特色或創(chuàng)新之處 靈活運用各種軟件，能夠借鑒過去的畢業(yè)設計，在其基礎上發(fā)展，不完全依賴于老師的指導，充分發(fā)揮自我的靈活性！且計劃詳細，可行性高！ 務求穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打！ 已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題 ① 具備足夠的信息來源和技術支持，由強有力的老師指導 ② 自己的專業(yè)知識需要加強，運用制圖軟件的能力需要加強。 指導教師意見 指導教師簽名： 年 月 日 教研室（學科組、研究所）意見 教研室主任簽名： 年 月 日 系意見 主管領導簽名： 年 月 日 CNC Cutting Technology Review Numerical control high speed cutting technology (High Speed Machining, HSM, or High Speed Cutting, HSC), is one of the advanced manufacturing technology to improve the machining efficiency and quality, the study of related technology has become an important research direction of advanced manufacturing technology at home and abroad. China is a big manufacturing country, in the world of industry transfer to accept the front instead of back-end of the transfer, to master the core technology of advanced manufacturing, or in a new round of international industrial structure adjustment, our country manufacturing industry will further behind. Imminent research on the theory and application of advanced technology. 1, high-speed CNC machining meaning High speed cutting theory put forward by the German physicist Carl.J.Salomon in the last century and early thirty's. He concluded by a lot of experiments: in the normal range of cutting speed, cutting speed if the increase, will cause the cutting temperature rise, exacerbating the wear of cutting tool; however, when the cutting speed is increased to a certain value, as long as more than the inflection point, with the increase of the cutting speed, cutting temperature can not rise, but will decline, so as long as the cutting speed is high enough, it can be solved very well in high cutting temperature caused by tool wear is not conducive to the cutting problem, obtained good processing efficiency. With the development of manufacturing industry, this theory is gradually paid more attention to, and attracted a lot of attention, on the basis of this theory has gradually formed the field of high-speed cutting technology of NC, relatively early research on NC High-speed Machining Technology in developed countries, through the theoretical basis of the research, basic research and applied research and development application, at present applications have entered the substantive stage in some areas. The high-speed cutting processing category, generally have the following several kinds of classification methods, one is to see that cutting speed, cutting speed over conventional cutting speed is 5-10 times of high speed cutting. Also has the scholar to spindle speed as the definition of high-speed processing standards, that the spindle speed is higher than that of 8000r\/min for high speed machining. And from the machine tool spindle design point of view, with the product of DN diameter of spindle and spindle speed, if the value of DN to (5~2000) * 105mm.r\/min, is considered to be of high speed machining. In practice, different processing methods, different materials, high speed cutting speed corresponding to different. Is generally believed that the turning speed of (700~7000) m\/min, milling speed reaches m\/min (300~6000), that is in the high-speed cutting. In addition, from the practical considerations, high-speed machining concept not only contains the high speed cutting process, integration and optimization also contains the process of cutting, is a can obtain good economic benefits and high speed, is the unity of technology and benefit. High-speed cutting technology is in the machine tool structure and materials, machine tool design, manufacturing technology, high-speed spindle system, high performance and fast feeding system, a high performance CNC system, tool holder system, high performance tool material and tool design and manufacturing technology, high efficiency and high precision measurement and testing technology, the mechanism of high speed cutting, high speed cutting process and other related hardware and software technology are fully integrated into the development foundation. Therefore, high speed cutting technology is a complex system engineering, is a with the related technology development and the development of the concept of. 2, the superiority of high-speed CNC machining Due to the large amplitude of the increase of the cutting speed, high speed machining technology not only improves the cutting productivity, and compared with the conventional cutting also has some obvious advantages: first, small cutting force: in high speed milling, cutting adopts the form of small quantities, high cutting speed, the cutting force is reduced by 30% compared to the conventional cutting, especially the radial cutting force greatly spindle bearing, tool, workpiece is reduced. Both to reduce tool wear, and effective control of the vibration machining system, improve the machining accuracy. Second, the material removal rate is high: the use of high speed cutting, cutting speed and feed rate are improved greatly, the same time the material removal rate is improved greatly. Thus greatly improve the processing efficiency. Third, thermal deformation small: in the high-speed cutting, cutting heat, most of the time to the work piece by the outflow of high-speed chip away, so the heating time of the machined surface is short, not because of the temperature rise leads to thermal deformation, is helpful to improve the surface accuracy, physical and mechanical properties of the machined surface processing method is better than the common. Fourth, high precision machining: high speed cutting usually feed is relatively small, so that the machined surface roughness is greatly reduced, at the same time as the cutting force is smaller than the conventional vibration cutting, machining system is reduced, the machining process more smoothly, so that good quality, can realize high accuracy, low degree of rough machining. Fifth, the green environmental protection: when high speed cutting, workpiece machining time is shortened, the use of energy and equipment rate, high processing efficiency, low processing energy consumption, at the same time, due to the high speed cutting can be achieved even without dry cutting, reduce the cutting fluid, reduce pollution and consumption. Research and application of numerical control high speed cutting technology, 3 In view of the above characteristics of high speed machining, the technology has great application potential in the field of traditional processing weak. First of all, the workpiece for thin-wall parts and slender, uses the high-speed cutting, the cutting force is significantly reduced, the heat is chipping away, can be very good for using the traditional method of the deformation problem caused due to the influence of cutting force and cutting heat, greatly improving the processing quality. Secondly, because of the cutting resistance is small, to reduce tool wear, materials of high manganese steel, hardened steel, austenitic stainless steel, composite materials, wear-resistant cast iron is difficult to be processed by traditional methods, can be studied using numerical control high speed cutting technology to process. In addition, in the automotive, aerospace, mold, manufacturing field, some integral components require relatively large material removal rate, the feed speed CNC high speed cutting with the cutting speed increase and the corresponding increase in unit time, so that the material removal rate is greatly improved, thus in the mold manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, aerospace manufacturing application of numerical control high speed cutting technology, will produce the enormous economic benefits. Fourth, because of the high-speed cutting, machining process is stable, the vibration is small, compared with the conventional cutting, high speed cutting can significantly improve the precision of 1~2, can be cancelled completely finishing, and subsequent, adopt numerical control high speed cutting technology, can achieve and rough, finishing on the overall structure of complex parts in a machine, reduces the likelihood of locating error transfer process, which is also conducive to improve the machining accuracy. Therefore, high speed cutting technology has a wide application prospect in precision manufacturing. Aluminium mould such as a business process, the mold cavity length is 1500mm, the required size error of ± 0.05mm, surface roughness Ra0.8 μ m, manufacturing process the original: rough planing - semi finish planing - finishing - Manual scraping - manual polishing, manufacturing cycle is 60 hours. Using high speed milling, after semi-finish machining and finish machining, the processing cycle is only 6 hours, not only improve efficiency, but also greatly improve the quality of mold. 4, research on Key Technologies of high-speed CNC machining NC High-speed machining is a complex systems engineering, involves cutting mechanism, cutting machine, cutter, cutting process monitoring and processing technology and other related hardware and software technology, implementation and development of numerical control high speed cutting technology, rely on this system of various elements, the key technology to realize high-speed CNC cutting technology cannot do without, specifically in the following aspects: 1) the mechanism of high speed cutting: the various materials in high speed machining conditions, the chip formation mechanism, variation of cutting force, cutting heat, tool wear patterns and effects on the surface quality, the basic theory above experiments and research, will be conducive to promoting the high-speed cutting process for determining and cutting the amount of choice, and provide a theoretical basis for the processing of specific parts and material formulation, which belongs to the technical principle. At present, to determine the process specification of high speed cutting and cutting ferrous metals and difficult to machine materials, is one of the difficulties in the production of high-speed cutting, and is also the focus of research in the field of high speed machining. 2) technology of high speed cutting machine tool module: high-speed cutting machine needs high-speed spindle system, feeding system and high-speed CNC control system. Able to work in very high speed under the high-speed processing requirements of spindle unit, the above general spindle speed 10000 r\/min, some even as high as 60000-100000r\/min, and to ensure good dynamic and thermal properties. The key part is the main shaft bearing, it decides the life of high-speed spindle and load capacity, one of the core components and high-speed cutting machine tool spindle structure, improvement and performance improvement is one of the most important technology of high-speed machine tools. Another important element of the technology is high speed feed system. With the development of machine tool spindle speed increasing, in order to ensure each cutter teeth or feeding amount per rotation invariant, machine tool feed speed and acceleration is also a corresponding increase, the same time to improve travel speed. Therefore, machine tool feed system must move quickly and fast and accurate positioning, which is obviously on the machine tool guide, servo system, working table, put forward new and higher requirements, is the key technology of high-speed machine tool technology control unit. 3) the high speed cutting tool technology module: high-speed machining process system composed of machine tools, tool and workpiece, tool is the most active factor. The cutting tool is one of the key technology to ensure high speed cutting smoothly. With the substantial increase of cutting velocity, have put forward different from traditional speed cutting requirements of cutting tool materials, geometric parameters of cutting tool, cutter body structure, high speed cutting tool material and tool manufacturing technology has undergone tremendous changes, high-speed machining, to ensure productivity and high machining precision, but also to to ensure safety and reliability. Therefore, high speed cutting tool system must meet with a clamp repeat positioning accuracy of geometric accuracy good and high loading, clamping rigidity, good high speed when the equilibrium state and safe and reliable. As far as possible to reduce the knife body quality, in order to reduce the high speed rotating centrifugal force by security, meet the requirement for high speed cutting tool, clamping method improvement. Technology research and development tool system is one of the key tasks of high-speed CNC machining. 4) numerical control high speed cutting process: high speed cutting as a new cutting method, to be applied to actual production, the lack of application examples for reference, not the amount of cutting and processing parameter database, parameter optimization technology of high speed machining is one of the key technologies of the current constraints should be used. In addition, the high-speed cutting parts NC program must ensure stable load in the whole cutting process, but most CNC software is now used in the automatic programming function still cannot meet the requirements, needs to be added and optimized by manual programming, which reduces the high speed cutting value in a certain extent, must study a new programming method, so that the cutting data power characteristic curve for high speed spindle, give full play to the advantages of numerical control high speed cutting. Development and comprehensive development and application of high speed machining technology depends on the key technology of the above principles, machine tool, cutting tool, the process of the. Research status and development trend of high speed cutting technology, 5 Due to the high speed cutting has great potential in improving production efficiency, has already become important technologies in the field of competing for the United States and Japan, Germany and other countries. The United States Japan as early as the 60 century, started to study on the mechanism of high speed cutting. The last century 70's, the United States has developed high-speed milling machine maximum speed of up to 20000r\/min. Now, Europe and the United States and other developed countries the production of different specifications of the various high-speed machine tool has the commercial production and into the market, the actual application in aircraft, automotive and mold manufacturing industry. For example, manufacturing enterprises in the American Boeing aircraft, has adopted the high-speed CNC machining technology to machining integral super high-speed milling of aluminum alloy, titanium alloy thin-walled structure and the waveguide, flexible gyroscope frame of the ordinary method of parts. In recent years, the United States, Europe, Japan and other countries of the new generation of NC machine tools, high-speed machining center, high speed tool system and industrialization process further speed up the pace, the specialized production electric spindle technology and high performance products increase; tool system technology of high performance rapid development; application of linear motor in high speed feed system. Our country in the research and development of high speed cutting technology, many universities and research efforts and exploration, including cutting mechanism, cutting tool material, spindle bearing, etc., have also made considerable achievements. However, compared with developed countries, there is still a big gap, basically still in the research stage of laboratory. In order to meet the needs of economic and social development, to meet the needs of aerospace, automobile, mold and other industry, NC Application Research of high-speed cutting technology has a long way to go. At present, the research of high-speed cutting technology has been to the application stage from the stage of experiment. Research in the application of includes two aspects: one is the basic theoretical research on the key technology of high speed machining, including high speed spindle unit and a high speed feed unit, realizing the localization of high-speed machine tool. On the other hand, based on existing laboratory practice technology, application of process performance and process scope. Among them, research on the high speed cutting process is one of the most active research areas at present, the main goal is to directly process through advanced equipment testing or import, processing technology to resolve the issue of key parts, the development and perfection of the high-speed cutting method of special materials; research and development to adapt to the CAD\/CAM software system in high speed machining and post processing system, the processing state safety monitoring system based on a new detection technology. When we entered the twenty-first Century, from the observation of the world, we are in the advanced manufacturing technology unprecedented rapid development period. Due to the advent of CNC machine tool (NC), the development of a series of CNC machining, such as machining center (MC), flexible manufacturing unit of flexible manufacturing system (FMS), computer integrated manufacturing system, and even the emergence of virtual axis machine tool is completely different with the traditional machine (also known as the six legs machine), closely and machine tool at the same time complement each other up the development of high speed machining technology, new tools, new technology, make the mechanical processing greatly reduces the labor intensity, auxiliary time is greatly shortened, the product quality and the production efficien