0459-沖孔落料復(fù)合模設(shè)計(jì)及三維造型設(shè)計(jì)【全套9張CAD圖,沖孔,復(fù)合,設(shè)計(jì),三維,造型,全套,cad Die basic knowledge Getting to know stamping dies By Art Hedrick, Contributing Writer Stamping die is a special, one-time a class of sophisticated tools, through the cutting and shaping the way the metal to become a desirable shape or form. Most die a few basic structural components, including templates, anti-wear devices, die sets, sales-oriented, bushings, Pad, Dianban, screws, pin, and bolts. Mold also needs punching template, pressure and stamping molding boards, and can be used to protect them - the rotor, shoulder bolts, keeper, Cage; and gas, coil, or polyurethane spring tool. Editor's Note: This article is edited from Part IV and Part V of an article series on thefabricator.com covering stamping die fundamentals and focusing on the components used in manufacturing stamping dies. Stamping die is a special, one-time a class of sophisticated tools, cutting through the plastic and metal as a way to the ideal shape or gesture. Die-cutting and forming special type are usually caused by the so-called hardening steel tool steel. Mold can also include cutting and forming into carbide or other hard, wear-resistant materials. Most stamping dies are constructed of several basic components, including die plates, shoes, die sets, guide pins, bushings, heel blocks, heel plates, screws, dowels, and keys. Dies also need stripper, pressure, and drawing pads, as well as the devices used to secure them: spools, shoulder bolts, keepers, and retainers, as well as gas, coil, or urethane springs. Figure 1 Die plates, shoes, and die sets, which correspond to the size of the die, serve as the foundation for mounting the working die components. Image courtesy of Eclipse Tool and Die. 1, templates, anti-wear devices, and Die Case Templates, anti-wear devices, and die-steel or aluminum plate corresponding to the size of mold (see pictures and Figure 1). They are a growing number of mold components to provide the basic services. These components must be mechanical polishing or grinding, so they are in an acceptable range and maintain parallel formation. Although grinding is the most popular, but the mills into surface can be said to be the most accurate. Anti-wear device is most die from steel. The aluminum mold is also a popular anti-wear device materials. Al is just the quality of one-third of its processing speed very quickly, and special alloy can be added in, to achieve greater than the low-carbon steel Naiyaqiangdu. Aluminum is a good absorber material, thus using it as Die is a good choice. The upper and lower die shoes assembled together with guide pins create the die set. The lower die shoe often has machined or flame-cut holes that allow slugs and scrap created in the die to fall freely through the die shoe onto the press bed. The holes also may serve as clearances for gas springs and other die components. The die shoe thickness is based on how much force can be expected during cutting and forming. For example, a coining die, one that compresses metal by squeezing it between an upper and lower die section, requires a much thicker die shoe than a simple bending die. 2, Pin-oriented and bushings Pin-oriented, sometimes that is to guide, or pillars, the function is to guide bushings, so that, under the right mold Anti-wear devices connected into a whole (see Figure 2). They are sophisticated polish of its internal manufacturing often as 0.0001 inches. Although there are many professional installation method can be used to install these components, but only two basic types of guided selling and bushings - friction sales and the sale of ball bearings. Figure 2 Guide pins (guide posts or pillars) and guide bushings align the upper and lower die shoes precisely. Images courtesy of Anchor Lamina Corp. Friction Pin is accurate, only slightly smaller than the diameter casing guide. Hardened by selling tool steel, and the bushings are often from a special refractory or even 10% of the composition of the so-called aluminum bronze. Aluminum Bronze may contain graphite helps to reduce friction and wear occurred, with pins and bushings common. Friction pins also help to heel the die shoes and prevent them from moving from side to side. Precision ball bearings or pin, including precision-guided sclerosis sales, Ball isolation laps, ball bearings, bushings. Unlike friction pin, the pin on a series of ball bearings to work, including specialized Ball isolation circle, they will not allow the shedding bearing rotation. These pin has some advantages. First of all, reducing friction so that the mold faster, and will not produce an excessive amount of friction and heat. Second, they allow the system to separate die, die under the Anti-wear devices. Third, because they use ball bearings, thus created by a higher precision than the friction pin. Remember, the orientation pin, under pressure, is to calibrate the upper and lower mold Anti-wear devices, rather than not conducive to the maintenance and calibration of the slippery link! Some companies try to compensate for poorly maintained pressure to join the big-oriented sales, or grinding into its cone shape. Anti-wear devices Fandong die when the time to be careful, this orientation will not be sold before bending up. 3. Heel Blocks and Heel Plates Heel blocks are special steel blocks that are precision-machined, screwed, doweled, and often welded to both the upper and lower die shoes (see Figure 3). They contain components called wear plates and function to adsorb any side thrust that may be generated during the cutting and forming processes. They are especially important if the generated force is one-directional. Too much force generated from one direction only can cause the guide pins to deflect, which results in misalignment of critical cutting and forming components. Figure 3 Heel blocks are special steel blocks connected to the upper and lower die shoes to adsorb any side thrust that may be generated during the cutting and forming processes. Image courtesy of Anchor Lamina Corp. Figure 4 Keys locate and heel die sections and components. Most heel blocks have steel heel plates, and the heel block on the opposite shoe has a wear plate made from aluminum-bronze or some other dissimilar metal. The plate selection process is critical. Using two opposing plates made of the same metal type can result in high friction, heat, and eventually galling or cold welding of the wear plates. Heel blocks can be used to heel the die in any or all directions. Box heels often are used to heel the die in all directions. 4. Screws, Dowels, and Keys Security, Anti-wear device die under the screw, Keys is tight security and the protection of parts of the role. Socket head cap screw is the most popular fastener used in stamping die. This hardened tool steel screw, often referred to as an Allen head screw, to provide superior grip and strength. Pin are strong, accurate pin, anti-wear devices in the mold of the appropriate location, it can precise positioning die profile or components. Although the pin with a roll capacity, and its main functions is a reasonable location or die. Keys small, rectangular accurate Nai Moca steel, is inserted into the mold of small milling devices and the so-called Anti-wear keyway place (see Figure 4). Keys can be targeted and used to tilt parts and other components. 5. Pads A pad is just a load of pressure on the board, whether flat or bellows, his cutting and forming process during grasp, control or unload metal. Several types of pads used in the stamping die. According to its functions, from soft liner can be low carbon steel or hardened tool steel manufacturers. Contour pad must meet very closely to meet the mold section. Accuracy of calling for a decision whether or not located in the gasket-oriented sales and bushings, not-oriented. Template pad / plate. Template pads are flat or wave of spring-loaded, shearing it from the pull-head or unloading of materials. (See Figure 5). When it was cut off, the collapse in natural metal cutting or drilling around the shear punch bit parts. This is particularly common in punching the time. Template pad surrounded by cutting around the drilling and installation of anti-wear to die on the device. When the punch from the mold, with the metal pad spring load washing down and die with the next exercise, cutting it to withdraw from the metal plate or piece part. Template pads often insert a small piece of steel known as the mat hole. Pad hole is usually small and light, can easily be removed so that the mold maintenance technicians in the elimination of punch-lock when not removed through the entire template pad. Template pad in the same process of cutting the level of control or metal to form the shape of the ideal function. Stripper Pads/Plates. Stripper pads are flat or contoured spring-loaded plates that pull, or strip, the metal off the cutting punches (see Figure 5). When it is cut, metal naturally tends to collapse around the body or shank of the cutting punches; this is especially true during piercing. The stripper pad surrounds the cutting punches and mounts to the upper die shoe. As the punch exits the lower die, the spring-loaded pad holds the metal down flush with the lower die section, which allows the cutting punches to withdraw from the sheet metal or piece part. Figure 5 Keys locate and heel die sections and components. Often stripper pads are inserted with a small block of steel called a pad window. This pad window usually is small and lightweight and can be removed easily to allow the die maintenance technician to remove the ball lock-style pierce punch from the retainer without removing the entire stripper pad. Stripper pads also function to hold the metal flat or to the desired shape during the cutting process. Pressure pad / plate In bending, in the shape of the punch to come into contact with metal, metal to be fixed next to die Wenwen site. Pressure on the mat, must provide at least equivalent to the power of bending forces (see Figure 6). Most of the pressure pad with the high pressure gas or coil spring. When the load is very high pressure spring, high or flat pad, also can form sheet metal. These pads known as the blow-pad. Figure 6 During the wipe bending process, the metal must be held down tightly to the lower die section before the forming punch contacts the metal. Pressure pads must apply a force that is at least equivalent to the bending force. Draw Pads. Draw pads in the process of forming a metal control the flow (see Figure 7). In the process of forming, or downward pressure on the force, imposed on the sheet metal, decided to allow a number of metal into the mold cavity. Too much pressure may prevent metal flow and cause the breakdown; downward force may be too small to extra flow of metal loose or wrinkling. Figure 7 Draw pads control metal flow during the drawing process. Draw pads, are often used in adhesives or control gear, usually from hardened tool steel manufacturers. They can be flat or high, depending on the shape of its parts. Most of forming a single template stamping molding boards, but in exceptional circumstances, some with two. 6. Spools, Shoulder Bolts, and Keepers Spools, shoulder bolts, and keepers are used to fasten pads to the die shoes while allowing them to move up and down. They are secured to either the top or bottom die shoe with screws and often dowels for precision location. Of all of the components used for securing pads, spools are the most common, especially in larger dies (Figure 1 and Figure 8). Figure 8 Spools, shoulder bolts, and keepers are used to fasten pads to the die shoes while allowing them to move up and down. Image courtesy of Anchor Lamina Corp. 7. Retainers Retainers hold or secure cutting or forming die components to both the upper and lower die shoes (see Figure 9). One of the most popular retainers is a ball-lock retainer, a high-precision, accurately manufactured die component that secures and aligns both cutting and forming punches. It uses a spring-loaded ball bearing to locate and secure the punches, which feature a precisely machined teardrop or ball seat. The spring-loaded ball bearing locks into the teardrop shape and prevents the punches from coming out of the retainer. Figure 9 Retainers hold or secure cutting or forming die components to both the upper and lower die shoes. Image at left courtesy of Lear Corp. Image at right courtesy of Danly Corp. The advantage of ball-lock retainers is that they allow the die maintenance technician to remove and reinstall punches quickly. The punch is removed by depressing the spring-loaded ball bearing and pulling up on the punch. Specialty retainers also can be made to hold and align irregular punch shapes, as well as headed-style punches and pilot pins. 8. Springs Spring supply to maintain, or unloaded by the need for metal forming the force. Many different spring for stamping die (see Figure 10). Spring choice is based on many factors, including the necessary strength and purpose, the life expectancy of spring, of course, cost. Among the most popular gas springs, which, when it is full of nitrogen, can supply a lot of strength. They also have a good life expectancy. Figure 10 Springs supply the force needed to hold, strip, or form metal. Other types of polyurethane-spring and spring, often referred to as soft spring. Coil spring is very popular, it has a necessary and reasonable force and the budget can show the power of enforcement. Polyurethane spring in the short run or prototype stamping business in good use, and they are still very cheap. Art Hedrick is president and senior consultant of Dieology, 8579 River Oak Circle, Greenville, MI 48838, 616-225-2170, fax 616-225-2158, dieology@pathwaynet.com, www.dieology.com. He is the author of the Die Science column in STAMPING Journal?, and a member of the FMA Stamping Technology Council. 10 前言 模具應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的不斷擴(kuò)大、已應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域?qū)δ＞咛岢龅母嗪透咭螅鼓＞吖I(yè)發(fā)展速度快于其他制造業(yè)的發(fā)展速度已成為普遍規(guī)律，目前世界模具市場(chǎng)供不應(yīng)求，近幾年，市場(chǎng)總量一直在600～650億美元之間，而我國(guó)模具出口尚不到8％，“十一五”期間完全可以擴(kuò)大這個(gè)份額，同時(shí)隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化發(fā)展趨勢(shì)日趨明顯，模具制造業(yè)逐漸向我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)移以及跨國(guó)集團(tuán)到我國(guó)進(jìn)行模具采購(gòu)趨向日趨明顯，外資和民營(yíng)資本繼續(xù)看好我國(guó)模具行業(yè)，因此加入WTO后，我國(guó)模具行業(yè)機(jī)遇大于挑戰(zhàn)，“十一五”期間，國(guó)際模具市場(chǎng)前景廣闊，我國(guó)模具仍有較大發(fā)展空間。 這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，我學(xué)會(huì)了初步設(shè)計(jì)沖壓模具的基本步驟，我也有很多的不足之處，但這些不足我會(huì)及時(shí)地去發(fā)現(xiàn)，去彌補(bǔ)。力爭(zhēng)將來(lái)做一個(gè)合格的設(shè)計(jì)者！ 摘要 模具與壓力是決定沖壓質(zhì)量、精度和生產(chǎn)效率的兩大關(guān)鍵因素。先進(jìn)的壓力機(jī)只有配備先進(jìn)的模具，才能充分發(fā)揮作用，取得良好效益。模具的發(fā)展方向?yàn)椋撼浞诌\(yùn)用IT技術(shù)發(fā)展模具設(shè)計(jì)、制造。網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用提供了可靠的信息載體，實(shí)現(xiàn)了異地設(shè)計(jì)和異地制造。同時(shí)，虛擬制造等IT 技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，也將推動(dòng)模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展；縮短金屬成形模具的試模時(shí)間。當(dāng)前，發(fā)展液壓高速試驗(yàn)壓力和拉伸機(jī)械壓力機(jī)，特別是機(jī)械壓力機(jī)上的模具試驗(yàn)時(shí)間可減少80%，具有巨大的節(jié)省潛力；車(chē)身制造中的級(jí)進(jìn)沖模發(fā)展迅速。近年來(lái)，級(jí)進(jìn)組合沖裁模在車(chē)身制造中開(kāi)始得到越來(lái)越廣泛的應(yīng)用。但是，級(jí)進(jìn)組合沖模技術(shù)的應(yīng)用受拉伸深度、導(dǎo)向和傳輸?shù)膸Р倪吘壊牧媳砻嬗不南拗?，主要用于拉伸深度比較前的簡(jiǎn)單內(nèi)零件。 關(guān)鍵詞：壓力、質(zhì)量、精度、生產(chǎn)效率 Abstract Die pressure and decided to ram the quality, accuracy and efficiency of the two key factors.Only advanced presses equipped with advanced mold, can fully play its role and achieved good results.Die direction of development: full use of IT technology development die design, manufacture. The extensive application of network technology provides a reliable information carrier, achieved a tele-design and manufacture different places.At the same time, virtual manufacturing, and other IT technology applications, will also promote the development of industries die; shorten the trial metal forming die-time.At present, the development of high-speed hydraulic test pressure and tensile mechanical press, in particular on the mechanical press die test of time can be reduced by 80%, with huge savings potential in the body manufacture the rapid development of progressive die.In recent years, the composition of the Progressive Die in manufacturing in the body began to be more widely used.However, the composition of the Progressive Die technology applications by drawing depth, direction and transmission edge of the strip surface hardening of the restrictions, mainly used for drawing a simple pre-depth comparison of parts. Key words: pressure, quality, accuracy, efficiency