0245-某中外合資機(jī)械廠變電所及配電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)【全套9張CAD圖】,全套9張CAD圖,中外合資,機(jī)械廠,變電所,配電,系統(tǒng),設(shè)計(jì),全套,cad 外文翻譯 Domestic and foreign transformers development present situation Since a century, the power transformer principle not has changed, along with the age advancement, the advanced production equipment consummates day by day, thus each technical parameter is increasingly advanced. The distribution transformer (1) the overseas overseas distribution transformer capacity arrives 2500kVA, some two kind of iron cores pattern: Circular and ellipse. The circular occupies the overwhelming majority, the ellipse because the hard spacing is small, thus the needed materials may reduce, its corresponding coil is the ellipse. The low-voltage winding has the wire type and the foil type, the fuel tank has the belt to disperse the heat pipe and the ripple -like. Moreover, Americas with three-phase power supply, multipurpose single phase transformer, this kind of power supply system line loss small, movement economy, but transformer because many for single-phase, the needed materials comparatively three-phase use the labor to be many. (2) domestic our country because the power supply system and Europe are same, always only makes the three-phase transformer, at present main product for new S9, capacity to 1600kVA. New S9 has the better economic indicator, also has the very high reliability, has performed 800 products short-circuit tests, trial produced the appraisal from 1996, had 400 factories to 1999 year's end to obtain the production qualifications. Has approximately 10 plant productions ripple type fuel tank, movement new S9 approximately composes 25%. The doing -like transformer (1) the overseas epoxy resin pours the doing -like transformer, overseas from the 60's productions, the technology is day by day mature. This kind of transformer includes: The belt padding, the pure resin, circle the package, each kind of craft, the structure coexist. According to German experts discussed that, the voltage biggest arrives 36kV, the capacity may reach 30MVA. A German factory, year productivity above 2000MVA. The American power distribution market dryly changes yearly produces 380,000, oil bath type transformer 1.48 million, dryly changes a number to occupy 20, the capacity occupies 30. The European power distribution oil bath type transformer always has the quantity < 2500kVA 2 million, > 2500kVA 1.6 million; Dryly changes always has quantity 400,000, accounts for 10%.(2) domestic pours the type doing -like transformer scientific research work to start to compare early, the 70's intermediate stages namely produce the ship with the 160kVA transformer, the mass production or in the end of the 80's, at present the belt padding, the pure resin, circles a package of 3 kind to produce, but occupies most by the pure resin. The difficult fuel oil transformer (1) overseas overseas to have produced the petroleum class, the fats, the silicone oil class difficult fuel oil transformer, according to incomplete statistics, the total quantity has reached 10GVA, distributes in each big continent use. This kind of oil ignite in 300 Degree Celsius above, tallies internationally on to the difficult fuel oil request, its maximum capacity is 60kV, 15MVA. (2) the domestic Guangzhou high-voltage equipment plant trial produced S12 in 1988 the 200kVA fuel oil transformer, the Tonghua transformer factory has not trial produced silicone oil transformer 315kVA in 1985 which the subway used, the Shenyang transformer factory has trial produced Midel7131 in 1989 difficult fuel oil transformer 630kVA. Because the oil source price high, the raw material is impeded, later has not reproduced. The SF6 transformer (1) overseas Japan is now produces SF6 transformer most countries, Mitsubishi, Toshiba, Hitachi, Fuji can produce, first three have produced 275kV, 300MVA the SF6 transformer, uses in Japan. These four have the product to enter our country, mainly is 110kV, 31.5 ~ 63MVA. Take 63MVA as the example, for the strong gas forced-air cooling, gross weight 78t, main body SF6 heavy 450kg, the year, installs underground in Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai, on the transformer substation movement. (2) the domestic our country Beijing second transformer factory has produced 10kV SF6 transformer series 100 ~ 1000kVA to reach 100, at present also is continuing to produce. To the 110kV level product, the related factory, is being considered. To the SF6 transformer, in the world has two viewpoints, one kind thought may use, not greatly affects to the environment; One kind thought cannot use, is influential to the environmental protection. In the world still did not have the conclusion, or not still at discussed to its development, should prudently study. The combined type transformer substation and the combined type transformer (1) overseas Europe namely produces 24 ~ 36kV combined type transformer substation from the 60's, is the conventional transformer substation high-voltage switch equipment, the distribution transformer, the low pressure switching gear combines is supplying power together. It has the volume young, the area young, the price low, supplies power quick as well as practical, is artistic, merit and so on economy, holds the widespread market in Europe. In Americas, because for, uses electricity the system characteristic, then produces 10kV to insert pulls out the type transformer, it is the simple high pressure load switch, the fuse installs to transformer box in vivo uses the electric cable insertion power supply, and the belt arrester, has the simple high-pressured protection, in low pressure side then only has heads, the merit is the volume small, the price position is low. (2) the domestic combined type transformer domestic product enhances high-voltage switch thermally stable electric current 12kA 16kA, is advantageous to the ring net power supply. Inserts to 10kV pulls out the type transformer also to have some improvements, some have matched the low pressure cabinet and so on, convenient user. These two kind of products because the amount of use big, the surface is broad, already gradually in substitution tradition low pressure transformer substation. In the next 20 years, the transformer class product technology economic indicator will hasten advanced, the crystalless alloy in matches changes in the scope gradually to substitute for the traditional silicon steel plate; The combined type transformer and all from protects the transformer in to match changes the ratio regular meeting which in the scope occupies to increase year by year; Difficult fuel oil transformer soon in home production promotion; Three Gorges 500kV, the 840MVA host will change mesozoically produces in the next ten year projects, Its exchange changes the electric capacity to reach 24750MVA; The 750kV level northwest system and the transformer will appear in 2005; ±500kV will trade changes the depressor to have the certain production; Million volts levels systems and its the transformer will appear in the our country 21st century 20's. About the next 20 years, the superconductivity uses in the transformer production in the technology, economical general is feasible. 國內(nèi)外變壓器發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ? 一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，電力變壓器原理未曾改變，隨著年代的推進(jìn)，先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)設(shè)備日臻完善，因而各項(xiàng)技術(shù)參數(shù)愈來愈先進(jìn)。 配電變壓器（1）國外 ? 國外配電變壓器容量到2500kVA，有兩種鐵心型式：圓形與橢圓形。圓形的占絕大多數(shù)，橢圓形的由于鐵心柱的間距小，因而用料可以減少，其對應(yīng)線圈為橢圓形。低壓線圈有線繞式與箔式，油箱有帶散熱管的與波紋式的。另外，美洲用三相四線制供電，多用單相變壓器，這種供電制線路損耗小，運(yùn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)，但變壓器因多為單相，用料用工較三相多。（2）國內(nèi) ? 我國因供電制與歐洲一樣，歷來只做三相變壓器，目前主要產(chǎn)品為新S9型，容量到1600kVA。新S9有較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)，也有很高的可靠性，做了800臺產(chǎn)品的短路試驗(yàn)，從1996年試制鑒定，到1999年末已有400家工廠取得生產(chǎn)資格。有約10家工廠生產(chǎn)波紋式油箱，運(yùn)行的新S9約占25%。 干式變壓器（1）國外 ? 環(huán)氧樹脂澆注干式變壓器，國外從60年代生產(chǎn)，技術(shù)日趨成熟。這種變壓器有：帶填料的、純樹脂的、繞包的，各種工藝、結(jié)構(gòu)并存。據(jù)德國一位專家談，電壓最大到36kV，容量可達(dá)30MVA。德國一家工廠，年生產(chǎn)量在2000MVA以上。美國配電市場干變年產(chǎn)38萬臺，油浸式變壓器148萬臺，干變臺數(shù)占20，容量占30。歐洲配電油浸式變壓器總有量＜2500kVA的200萬臺，＞2500kVA的160萬臺；干變總有量40萬臺，占10%。（2）國內(nèi) ? 澆注式干式變壓器科研工作開始比較早，70年代中期即生產(chǎn)船用160kVA變壓器，成批生產(chǎn)還是在80年代末，目前帶填料、純樹脂、繞包的3種均生產(chǎn)，而以純樹脂的占多數(shù)。 ???????難燃油變壓器（1）國外 ? 國外已生產(chǎn)了石油類、脂類、硅油類難燃油變壓器，據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，總量已達(dá)10GVA，分布在各大洲使用。這類油燃點(diǎn)均在300℃以上，符合國際上對難燃油的要求，其最大容量為60kV、15MVA。（2）國內(nèi) ? 廣州高壓電器廠于1988年試制了S12型200kVA不燃油變壓器，通化變壓器廠于1985年試制了地鐵使用的硅油變壓器315kVA，沈陽變壓器廠于1989年試制了Midel7131難燃油變壓器630kVA。由于油源價(jià)高、原料不暢，以后未再生產(chǎn)。 SF6變壓器（1）國外? 日本是當(dāng)今生產(chǎn)SF6變壓器最多的國家，三菱、東芝、日立、富士均能生產(chǎn)，前三家生產(chǎn)過275kV、300MVA ? SF6變壓器，在日本使用。這四家均有產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入我國，主要為110kV、31.5～63MVA。以63MVA為例，為強(qiáng)氣風(fēng)冷，總重78t，本體SF6重450kg，年漏氣率≤1，裝在北京、深圳、上海的地下、地上變電站運(yùn)行。（2）國內(nèi) 我國北京第二變壓器廠已生產(chǎn)10kV ? SF6的變壓器系列100～1000kVA達(dá)100臺，目前還在繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)。對110kV級產(chǎn)品，有關(guān)廠、所正在考慮中。對SF6變壓器，世界上有兩種觀點(diǎn)，一種認(rèn)為可用，對環(huán)境無大影響；一種認(rèn)為不能用，對環(huán)保有影響。世界上尚無定論，對其發(fā)展與否尚在探討中，應(yīng)慎重研究。 ? 組合式變電站與組合式變壓器（1）國外 ? 歐洲從60年代起即生產(chǎn)24～36kV組合式變電站，即是將常規(guī)變電站的高壓開關(guān)設(shè)備、配電變壓器、低壓開關(guān)設(shè)備組合在一起供電。它具有體積小、占地面積小、價(jià)格低、供電快以及實(shí)用、美觀、經(jīng)濟(jì)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在歐洲占有廣泛的市場。在美洲，由于供、用電制的特點(diǎn)，則生產(chǎn)10kV插拔式變壓器，它是將簡單的高壓負(fù)荷開關(guān)、熔斷器裝于變壓器箱體內(nèi)而用電纜插入供電，并帶避雷器，具有簡單的高壓保護(hù)，在低壓側(cè)則只有4個(gè)端子頭，優(yōu)點(diǎn)是體積小、價(jià)位低。（2）國內(nèi) ? 組合式變壓器國產(chǎn)化后將高壓開關(guān)熱穩(wěn)定電流12kA提高到16kA，有利于環(huán)網(wǎng)供電。對10kV插拔式變壓器也有一些改進(jìn)，有的配了低壓柜等，方便用戶。這兩類產(chǎn)品由于使用量大、面廣，已逐步在取代傳統(tǒng)低壓變電所。 ??????? 今后20年內(nèi)，變壓器類產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)將愈趨先進(jìn)，非晶合金將在配變范圍內(nèi)逐步取代傳統(tǒng)硅鋼片；組合式變壓器和全自保護(hù)變壓器在配變范圍內(nèi)所占的比例會(huì)逐年增加；難燃油變壓器不久將在國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)推廣；三峽500kV、840MVA主變將在下一個(gè)十年工程中生產(chǎn)出來，其交流變電容量達(dá)24750MVA；750kV級西北系統(tǒng)及變壓器將在2005年出現(xiàn)；±500kV換流變壓器將有一定的生產(chǎn)；百萬伏級系統(tǒng)及其變壓器將在我國21世紀(jì)20年代內(nèi)出現(xiàn)。在下個(gè)20年左右，超導(dǎo)用于變壓器生產(chǎn)在技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)上將是可行的。