0003-年處理量8萬(wàn)噸苯—甲苯分離塔設(shè)計(jì)（CAD圖+論文+翻譯）,處理,萬(wàn)噸苯,甲苯,分離,設(shè)計(jì),cad,論文,翻譯 機(jī)械工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 摘要：在化工、煉油、醫(yī)藥、食品及環(huán)境保護(hù)等工業(yè)部門，塔設(shè)備是一種重要的單元操作設(shè)備。塔器即是高徑比很大的設(shè)備。它可以實(shí)現(xiàn)氣（汽）-液相或液-液相之間的充分接觸，從而達(dá)到相際間進(jìn)行傳質(zhì)及傳熱的目的。常見的、可在塔設(shè)備中完成的單元操作有：精餾、吸收、解吸和萃取等。精餾是分離液體混合物最常用的一種單元操作，即利用液相混合物中各相分揮發(fā)度的不同，使易揮發(fā)組分由液相向氣相轉(zhuǎn)移，難揮發(fā)組分由氣相向液相轉(zhuǎn)移。苯和甲苯都是化工生產(chǎn)中的重要原料，屬于芳香族化合物。因此，將苯和甲苯從其混合物中分離出來(lái)加以提純，意義重大。塔設(shè)備按結(jié)構(gòu)形式可分為填料塔和板式塔。由于板式塔的分離效果比填料塔好，考慮到苯和甲苯的物性以及生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用問題，本設(shè)計(jì)選用化工生產(chǎn)中被廣泛采用的篩板塔。因?yàn)楹Y板塔較其他類型塔有如下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，成本低，塔板效率高，安裝維修方便。本設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容是：過(guò)程的物料衡算、熱量衡算，工藝計(jì)算，結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和校核，機(jī)械強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)(特別是要考慮風(fēng)載荷和地震載荷的影響)，管路選擇，貯罐、換熱器的選型，繪制工藝流程圖，以及塔的施工圖設(shè)計(jì)：包括總裝配圖和若干零件圖。 關(guān)鍵詞： 精餾 篩板塔 工藝計(jì)算 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 強(qiáng)度校核 Abstract: The tower equipment is an important unit operation equipment in industry sectors, for instance, chemical industry, refinery, medicine, food, environmental protection, and so on. It can realize the steam between the liquid phase or the fluid - liquid phase contact deeply, thus achieving the border carries on the mass transfer and the heat transfer goal. The distillation is the separation of liquid mixtures most commonly used as an unit operation in chemical industry, oil refining, petrochemical and other industries. The design mission is to produce an important chemical raw material from a mixture of benzene and toluene, it will be a great significance if the material can be separated from its mixture of benzene and toluene. Taking into account the structures of benzene and toluene, as well as the production costs, the designer selected the sieve plate distillation column which are widely used in chemical production. As compared to other types of towers, the sieve-plate column tower has the following advantages: simple structure, low cost, high efficiency tray, tower installation and maintenance easy. The main elements of the design is: Process material balance, heat balance, process calculation, structural design and verification, mechanical strength of the design, pipe selection, storage tank, heat exchanger, drawing process maps, design of tower construction plans, including the total number of assembly drawings and parts diagram. Key Words: Distillation Sieve-plate column Process calculation Structural design Check of strength 目錄 第一章 概述…………………………………………………………1 第二章 流程的設(shè)計(jì)及說(shuō)明…………………………………………3 第三章 工藝設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算………………………………………………4 3.1 物料衡算……………………………………………………4 3.2 確定塔內(nèi)操作溫度…………………………………………5 3.3 確定回流比及塔板數(shù)………………………………………6 3.4 塔設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算…………………………………………………8 3.4.1 精餾段計(jì)算……………………………………………8 3.4.2 提餾段計(jì)算 …………………………………………20 3.5 精餾塔高度的計(jì)算………………………………………33 第四章 精餾塔的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………34 4.1 塔盤………………………………………………………34 4.2 各接管及法蘭選擇………………………………………35 4.3 人孔………………………………………………………40 4.4 操作平臺(tái)和扶梯…………………………………………41 4.5 裙座………………………………………………………42 4.6 吊柱………………………………………………………43 第五章 塔體和裙座的機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………45 5.1 選擇材料和確定參數(shù)……………………………………45 5.2 計(jì)算筒體和封頭的厚度…………………………………46 5.3 塔的自振周期的計(jì)算……………………………………46 5.4 塔體的質(zhì)量載荷計(jì)算……………………………………47 5.5 風(fēng)載荷及風(fēng)彎矩計(jì)算……………………………………50 5.6 地震載荷及彎矩的計(jì)算…………………………………52 5.7 各載荷引起的軸向應(yīng)力…………………………………54 5.8 筒體和裙座危險(xiǎn)截面的強(qiáng)度與穩(wěn)定性校核……………56 5.9 筒體和裙座水壓試驗(yàn)應(yīng)力校核…………………………57 5.10 裙座和塔體的連接焊縫校核……………………………59 5.11 基礎(chǔ)環(huán)設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………60 5.12 地腳螺栓計(jì)算……………………………………………61 第六章 附屬設(shè)備的計(jì)算及選型 …………………………………65 6.1 貯罐………………………………………………………65 6.2 換熱器……………………………………………………66 參考文獻(xiàn)……………………………………………………………69 英文翻譯……………………………………………………………70 謝辭…………………………………………………………………85 iv