《北京市2019年中考英語二輪復習 第二篇 語法突破篇 語法專題（十）非謂語動詞課件.ppt》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《北京市2019年中考英語二輪復習 第二篇 語法突破篇 語法專題（十）非謂語動詞課件.ppt（24頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

PARTTWO,第二篇語法突破篇,語法專題（十）非謂語動詞,【中考考點】(1)動詞不定式作賓語、賓語補足語、狀語以及和疑問詞連用構成不定式短語的基本用法。(2)動詞不定式作主語、定語和表語的基本用法。(3)動名詞的用法。(4)現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法。,不定式有兩種,即帶to的不定式(to+動詞原形)和不帶to的不定式。動詞不定式的否定結構為“nottodosth”。,考點一動詞不定式,【注意】它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。,1.作主語常用it作形式主語,而將真正的主語(動詞不定式)置于句末。常用句型結構為“Its+adj./n.+(for/ofsb)+todosth”。Toasktheteacherforhelpisnecessary.=Itisnecessarytoasktheteacherforhelp.向老師尋求幫助是有必要的。,2.作賓語(1)后接不定式作賓語的動詞或短語有want,try,decide,hope,need,wish,agree,expect,refuse,learn,remember,forget,wouldlike/love等。Ihopetherebeforebeingdark.我希望天黑以前到那兒。(2)在think,find,make等動詞后通常用it作形式賓語,而將不定式后置,構成“主語+謂語+it(形式賓語)+賓語補足語(形容詞/名詞)+不定式”結構。Ifounditdifficulttosolvetheproblem.我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這個問題很難。,toget,3.作賓語補足語(1)后面能接帶to的不定式作賓語補足語的動詞或短語有tell,ask,allow,want,help,wish,teach,warn,invite,wouldlike,encourage等。TheteachertoldusExercise1.老師告訴我們做練習一。(2)使役動詞let,make,have和感官動詞see,hear,watch,notice,feel等后要用不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。但是,當上述動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,其后的不定式必須補上to。Weoftenhearhersing.我們經(jīng)常聽見她唱歌。被動語態(tài):Sheisoftenheardtosing.,todo,4.作狀語常見的狀語有目的狀語、原因狀語、結果狀語等。Mr.LeewillgotoHangzhoutovisittheWestLake.李先生將會去杭州參觀西湖。(作目的狀語)5.作定語動詞不定式作定語時,放在被修飾的名詞的后面,作后置定語。IdonthaveapartnertopractiseEnglishwith.我沒有一個一起練習英語的同伴。,6.作表語Theirdutyistheanimals.他們的職責是照看動物。7.“疑問詞+不定式”結構動詞不定式可以和what,which,when,where,how等疑問詞連用,構成不定式短語,在句中作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語等。Hedoesntknow.他不知道要穿什么。(作賓語),tolookafter/takecareof,whattowear,考點二動名詞,動名詞由“動詞原形+-ing”構成,但有不規(guī)則形式。動名詞既有動詞的性質(zhì),也有名詞的性質(zhì)。,1.作主語動名詞作主語和動詞不定式作主語,在很多情況下可以通用。Playing/Toplaycomputergamestoomuchisbadforyoureyes.過度地玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕难劬τ袀Α?2.作賓語常接動名詞作賓語的動詞或短語有enjoy,finish,consider(考慮),miss,keep,mind,practise,suggest,bebusy,feellike,giveup,canthelp,avoid,beusedto,beworth,beafraidof,beproudof,beinterestedin,cantstop,keep/stop…from,lookforwardto,putoff,havefun,haveproblem/difficulty等。Haveyoufinishedthebook?你讀完這本書了嗎?,reading,3.作表語Thenurses’jobisthepatients.護士的工作是照顧病人。4.作定語Ioftengotothe.我經(jīng)常去閱覽室。,【注意】有些動詞(短語)后既可接不定式又可接v.-ing形式,但表達的意義不同。常見結構:(1)stoptodosth停下來去做另外一件事(不定式作目的狀語)stopdoingsth停止做某事(v.-ing作賓語)(2)trytodosth試圖(企圖)做某事;盡力做某事trydoingsth嘗試著做某事,lookingafter/takingcareof,readingroom,(3)forgettodosth忘記要做某事(還沒做)forgetdoingsth忘記做過某事(已做)(4)remembertodosth記著要做某事(還沒做)rememberdoingsth記得做過某事(已做)(5)goontodosth做完一件事后繼續(xù)做另外一件不同的事goondoingsth繼續(xù)做原來所做的事(6)sthneeddoing(某事)需要做(被動含義)needtodosth需要去做某事(主動含義),考點三分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞及過去分詞),分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。現(xiàn)在分詞(v.-ing)有主動、進行之意;過去分詞(v.-ed)有被動、完成之意。,1.作定語Chinaisacountry.Americaisacountry.中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。美國是一個發(fā)達國家。IknowtheboycalledLiMing.我認識那個叫李明的男孩。2.作表語Thebookisinteresting.Iminterestedinit.這本書很有趣。我對它感興趣。,developingdeveloped,3.作賓語補足語Isawhergoingupstairs.我看見她正在上樓。Iwanttohavesomephotostaken.我想拍一些照片。4.作狀語Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheroom.他們有說有笑地走進了房間。,5.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別(1)在語態(tài)上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動,過去分詞表示被動。therulingpeople統(tǒng)治階級theruledpeople被統(tǒng)治階級(2)在時間上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作,過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動作。thedevelopingcountry發(fā)展中國家thedevelopedcountry發(fā)達國家,6.易混結構使役動詞(make,keep,let,have等)易混結構的區(qū)分。如havesbdoingsth與havesthdone的區(qū)別:(1)havesbdoingsth意為“讓某人一直做某事”,doing這個動作具有持續(xù)性。Thebosshadtheworkersworkingallday.老板讓工人們工作了一整天。(2)havesthdone意為“讓某人做某事”,相當于asksbtodosth,done表示讓他人完成,有被動之意。Ihadmycomputerrepairedyesterday.昨天我讓人修理了我的電腦。,中考真題演練,1.[2018北部灣]Ourteacheroftentellsusintheriver.Itsdangerous.A.notswimB.nottoswimC.toswimD.swimming2.[2018梧州]Jimwenttothelibrarysomesciencemagazinesyesterday.A.borrowB.borrowsC.toborrowD.borrowed,,B,C,中考真題演練,3.[2018貴陽改編]Chineseparentsalwaystrytheirbestagoodeducationenvironmentfortheirkids.A.provideB.toprovideC.providingD.provided,,,[答案]B[解析]考查非謂語動詞。tryonesbesttodosth“盡某人最大努力做某事”。故選B。,中考真題演練,5.[2018綏化改編]Wouldyouminddownthemusic?Itstoonoisy.A.turningB.turnC.toturnD.turned6.[2018綏化改編]Mymotherdoesntallowmeoutsidetoolateonschoolnights.A.tostayB.stayC.stayingD.stayed,,,[答案]5.A6.A[解析]考查非謂語動詞。allowsbtodosth是固定搭配,此時動詞不定式作賓語補足語。故選A。,中考真題演練,7.[2018綏化改編]PeoplearesupposedhandswhentheymeetforthefirsttimeinAmerica.A.shakingB.shakeC.toshakeD.shook8.[2018長春]IgotomygrandparentshomewiththeirhouseworkeverySunday.A.helpB.helpedC.tohelpD.helping,,C,C,中考真題演練,9.[2018百色]—Tom,whyhaveyoudecidedChinesefolkmusicasacourse?—BecauseIlikeChinesecultureverymuch.A.takeB.takenC.takingD.totake10.[2018蘭州]Bobsfathercantstandsoapoperas.HeenjoyssportsgamesonTV.A.watchB.towatchC.watchedD.watching,,D,D,中考真題演練,11.[2018蘭州]Everymorning,Timoftenseesgroupsofmiddle-agedwomeninthesquare.A.danceB.todanceC.dancesD.danced12.[2018廣東]Afterlongyearsofwar,manypeopleinSyriaarehomeless.Ithinkitimportantapeacefulworld.A.buildB.notbuildC.tobuildD.nottobuild,,,[答案]11.A[解析]考查非謂語動詞。seesbdosth表示“看見某人做某事”,為固定用法。故選A。12.C[解析]考查非謂語動詞。本題中it為形式賓語,不定式tobuild…作真正的賓語。故選C。,中考真題演練,13.[2018盤錦]Evanshadasorethroat.Hisfriendadvisedhimsomehotwater.A.drinkingB.drinkC.todrinkD.drank,,,[答案]C[解析]考查非謂語動詞。advisesbtodosth意為“建議某人做某事”。故選C。,中考真題演練,14.[2018阜康、米泉]—Doyoustillrememberthisgroupoffriendsin2013?—Yes.ButIforgotwhereIthem.A.seeing;meetB.tosee;metC.seeing;metD.seeing;meeting,,,[答案]C[解析]考查非謂語動詞和賓語從句。rememberdoingsth記得做過某事;remembertodosth記得去做某事。根據(jù)時間狀語in2013可知這是記得過去做過的事,故第一空用動名詞seeing。第二空根據(jù)主句謂語forgot可知,賓語從句也用一般過去時,故用met。故選C。,中考真題演練,15.[2018哈爾濱改編]—Imconsideringabroadforfurtherstudy,butIhaventdecidedyet.—YoudbetteraskyourEnglishteacherforsomeadvice.A.goB.togoC.wentD.going,,D,