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（學(xué)號）： 0951334 長春理工大學(xué)光電信息學(xué)院 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計（論 文）譯文 電動機機座底面組合機床夾具設(shè)計 學(xué) 生 姓 名 黃子傲 專 業(yè) 機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化 學(xué) 號 0951334 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 仲叢華 分 院 機電工程分院 2013年3月26號 組合機床CAD 技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢* 組合機床計算機輔助設(shè)計從20 世紀(jì)70 年代發(fā)展至今，已成為CAD 領(lǐng)域的重要分支。文中從組合機床計算機輔助設(shè)計所包含的4 個主要研究方面( 組合機床CAD 系統(tǒng)、總體CAD 技術(shù)、多軸箱CAD 技術(shù)、夾具CAD 技術(shù)) 入手，對國內(nèi)外組合機床CAD 相關(guān)技術(shù)的研究成果進行了回顧( 主要是近10 年的研究成果) ，并指出了研究組合機床CAD 技術(shù)存在的問題及發(fā)展趨勢。 組合機床的通用化、系列化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度較高，其通用零部件達70% ～ 90%，它具有高效、高質(zhì)、經(jīng)濟實用的特征，因而被廣泛應(yīng)用于工程機械、交通、能源、軍工、輕工、家電等行業(yè)。目前，隨著CAD 技術(shù)的成熟及各種CAD 軟件的涌出，在支撐軟件和硬件的基礎(chǔ)上，針對不同行業(yè)、不同專業(yè)進行軟件二次開發(fā)，開發(fā)出適合本行業(yè)、本專業(yè)的專用商品化軟件，不僅可以取得良好的經(jīng)濟效益，而且會取得重大的社會效益。組合機床是屬于一次性設(shè)計、一次性制造的單件生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品，其結(jié)構(gòu)變化多樣，設(shè)計量大，設(shè)計工作復(fù)雜，尤其是在當(dāng)前競爭激烈的市場經(jīng)濟中，產(chǎn)品壽命周期不斷縮短，品種日益增多。加工產(chǎn)品不同，組合機床也就不同，這要求工程技術(shù)人員要不斷地提高機床的開發(fā)能力，以滿足市場要求。因此，如何高效、高質(zhì)量地設(shè)計出組合機床已經(jīng)成為組合機床廠家追求的目標(biāo)。 1 組合機床CAD 技術(shù)概述 從20 世紀(jì)70 年代開始組合機床CAD 技術(shù)的研究已發(fā)展成為CAD 技術(shù)的一個重要組成部分。目前，圍繞組合機床CAD 技術(shù)的研究主要包括以下幾方面: ( 1) 組合機床總體設(shè)計。 組合機床總體設(shè)計的任務(wù)首先要實現(xiàn)從產(chǎn)品的特征模型上提取加工工藝信息作為組合機床CAD 系統(tǒng)進行設(shè)計的對象與依據(jù); 其次是建立確定性的知識庫，如切削力計算，通用部件的配套關(guān)系，刀具工具的選擇，加工示意圖的繪制等知識; 還要建立通用部件庫及 各部件規(guī)格尺寸等的數(shù)據(jù)庫。在此基礎(chǔ)上開發(fā)基于知 識的組合機床總體方案CAD 系統(tǒng)，通過對知識庫中知 識的推理，引導(dǎo)用戶完成組合機床工序圖設(shè)計、加工示 意圖設(shè)計、機床總圖設(shè)計、性能分析等全過程［2］。 ( 2) 組合機床多軸箱的設(shè)計。 組合機床多軸箱CAD 系統(tǒng)是根據(jù)總體設(shè)計( 如主軸坐標(biāo)、轉(zhuǎn)速等) ，完成傳動軸坐標(biāo)計算、各種幾何干涉校核、傳動部件的強度校核，從而實現(xiàn)傳動系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計，自動生成多軸箱的明細表、自動繪制多軸箱裝配總圖、箱體補充加工圖、前后側(cè)蓋補充加工圖、專用零件圖。 ( 3) 組合機床夾具設(shè)計。 組合機床夾具CAD 系統(tǒng)由于專用性很強，該系統(tǒng)必須由設(shè)計人員交互地設(shè)計完成。對于組合機床夾具CAD 系統(tǒng)要按照其主要功能實現(xiàn)4 個模塊的自動設(shè)計: 定位支撐CAD 系統(tǒng)、夾緊機構(gòu)CAD 系統(tǒng)、導(dǎo)向裝置CAD 系統(tǒng)和典型夾具夾緊力的計算機輔助分析與計算。為了實現(xiàn)這幾個模塊，需要建立組合機床夾具的通用件庫、通用件的選擇知識庫、尺寸公差、形位公差等數(shù)據(jù)庫和程序庫，利用交互設(shè)計方法實現(xiàn)設(shè)計。 2 組合機床CAD 技術(shù)國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀及成果 2． 1 國外現(xiàn)狀及成果 國外組合機床CAD 技術(shù)的研究開始得比較早。進入20 世紀(jì)90 年代以來，隨著計算機技術(shù)的發(fā)展，交互式繪圖和數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)等的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用，使組合機床CAD 技術(shù)日益實用，且使用范圍不斷擴大。PetterOlofsgard 等人開發(fā)了分布式虛擬組合機床制造系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)支持全生命周期，包括設(shè)計、仿真、編程、分析、機器操作及重構(gòu)，并可以在開放的系統(tǒng)庫中進行分布式管理及信息的存儲。Won Soo Yun 等人研究了虛擬機床的開發(fā)，詳細分析了虛擬機床開發(fā)的基礎(chǔ)，該系統(tǒng)能夠預(yù)測切削過程的結(jié)果，虛擬機床系統(tǒng)在數(shù)控機床實際切削之前通過“偽真實加工”來根據(jù)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)率和屬性提供正確的切削條件、補償或加工過程的控制。Tien-I Liu等人開發(fā)了用于產(chǎn)品制造的基于知識的高速加工系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)提供了關(guān)于高速加工各方面的具體知識。如在高速切削過程中的加工參數(shù)、刀具材料、穩(wěn)定性分析等，能夠進行工件材料、切削速度及切削刀具材料不同組合加工效果的評估，系統(tǒng)還提供產(chǎn)品在高速加工制造下的穩(wěn)定性分析和圖形的高速加工概念的可視化顯示。據(jù)了解，美國的BURGMAST，KINGSBURY，INGERSOLL，LAMB、CINCINNATI，CROSS，德國的Huller-Hille，Vogtland 等主要機床廠家都已經(jīng)使機床的設(shè)計普遍應(yīng)用CAD 技術(shù)。其中最引人注目的是INGERSOLL公司具有50 個交互式CAD 工作站組成的軟、硬件環(huán)境，實現(xiàn)了機床設(shè)計幾乎100%的CAD 化。目前，組合機床已經(jīng)向CAD/CAM 集成系統(tǒng)發(fā)展。 2． 2 國內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀及成果 20 世紀(jì)70 年代初，大連組合機床研究所開發(fā)了基于AutoCAD 的組合機床設(shè)計系統(tǒng)，拉開了我國組合機床CAD 系統(tǒng)研究的帷幕。近年來，隨著CAD 軟件的成熟應(yīng)用，我國有很多學(xué)術(shù)單位和團隊對組合機床CAD 系統(tǒng)做了不同程度的探索，主要有以下幾方面的研究: ( 1) 組合機床CAD 系統(tǒng)開發(fā)方面。 國內(nèi)對組合機床設(shè)計采用CAD 的認(rèn)識比較早。20 世紀(jì)70 年代初，大連組合機床研究所就開始了這方面的研究工作。1978 年國家把組合機床CAD 列為機械工業(yè)重點項目，并責(zé)成上海交通大學(xué)、大連組合機床研究所、機械部自動化研究所負(fù)責(zé)，大連理工大學(xué)、清華大學(xué)、北京工業(yè)大學(xué)、上海機電產(chǎn)品研究院等單位參加，對鉆孔組合機床CAD 進行了研究，從此揭開了我國組合機床CAD 技術(shù)的序幕。經(jīng)過十多年的努力，取得了初步成果。但受當(dāng)時硬件條件及軟件環(huán)境的限制，軟件適用范圍窄，用戶使用不方便。 1998 年大連組合機床研究所又開發(fā)了組合機床CAD 軟件，并通過專家鑒定。該軟件技術(shù)先進、性能可靠、功能強、方便實用，為我國組合機床行業(yè)提供了現(xiàn)代化的設(shè)計工具，其技術(shù)水平處于國內(nèi)領(lǐng)先地位。該軟件已在組合機床設(shè)計制造的專業(yè)廠和從事內(nèi)燃機、發(fā)動機生產(chǎn)的大中型企業(yè)的組合機床設(shè)計制造部門廣泛應(yīng)用［6］。企業(yè)在改造傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)中，通過采用CAD 技術(shù)，提高了設(shè)計水平，增強了企業(yè)的創(chuàng)造能力和產(chǎn)品競爭能力，取得了良好的經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益。周益民利用自頂向下的方法以UG 軟件為平臺對組合機床CAD 系統(tǒng)進行了研制［7］，該系統(tǒng)利用的WAVE( What if Alternate value Engineering) 技術(shù)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)產(chǎn)品的分級控制。文獻［8 － 9］采用模塊化的設(shè)計技術(shù)以UG 為平臺開發(fā)了組合機床CAD 系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)的主控程序包括切削用量計算模塊、加工示意圖設(shè)計模塊、主軸箱設(shè)計模塊、數(shù)據(jù)庫管理程序，三維模型模板庫包括組合機床通用件圖形庫、加工示意圖圖形庫、主軸箱設(shè)計圖形庫、機床總體裝配模型圖形庫，幾乎覆蓋了組合機床設(shè)計的全過程。伍勝男等人根據(jù)模塊化設(shè)計理論以UG 為平臺建立了組合機床圖形庫，對組合機床進行變型設(shè)計，通過對組合機床設(shè)計的實踐探討，實現(xiàn)了組合機床的快速重構(gòu)。郭志強等人開發(fā)了基于B /S 的組合機床異地設(shè)計系統(tǒng)［11］，實現(xiàn)了用戶通過瀏覽器在組合機床設(shè)計系統(tǒng)的引導(dǎo)下可完成對組合機床設(shè)計的動力頭功率計算模塊、自動匹配組合機床模塊、自動裝配、生成三圖一卡等總體設(shè)計和主軸箱等模塊的詳細設(shè)計。 ( 2) 組合機床總體CAD 設(shè)計方面。 大連機床集團公司于1996 年開發(fā)的組合機床方案CAD 系統(tǒng)通過機械部技術(shù)鑒定，與會專家一致認(rèn)為: 該系統(tǒng)方案正確、技術(shù)先進、功能齊全、實用性強，在國內(nèi)處于同行業(yè)的領(lǐng)先地位，并達到了國際20世紀(jì)90 年代初期的先進水平。該系統(tǒng)是設(shè)計組合機床及其自動線的總體方案，即報價方案設(shè)計、機床總圖設(shè)計、加工示意圖設(shè)計、被加工零件工序圖設(shè)計和生產(chǎn)率計算卡計算。適用于鉆孔、擴孔、鉸孔、加工螺紋、鏜孔、銑削平面等加工種類和各種配置形式的組合機床。與此同時，譚豫之等人也開發(fā)了基于AutoCAD 環(huán)境的組合機床總體計算機輔助設(shè)計系統(tǒng)，包括5 個模塊: 計算選型模塊、加工工序圖模塊、加工示意圖模塊、聯(lián)系尺寸圖模塊和生產(chǎn)率計算卡模塊。該系統(tǒng)在北京拖拉機公司的組合機床設(shè)計中得到了應(yīng)用。文獻基于Solid Edge 進行了組合機床總體設(shè)計三維造型系統(tǒng)的研制，系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)了組合機床通用部件變量化造型，建立了通用部件模板庫，按照組合機床的分類特點進行裝配，得到不同類型的組合機床。文獻以三維軟件Pro /E 為平臺開發(fā)出組合機床總體CAD 設(shè)計系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)包括5 個模塊: 加工參數(shù)與工藝信息提取模塊、分析計算模塊、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零部件選擇模塊、專用零部件設(shè)計模塊、數(shù)據(jù)庫管理模塊，使設(shè)計人員能夠利用數(shù)字化手段實現(xiàn)不同類型組合機床總體設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)的虛擬裝配，大大提高了設(shè)計效率。 ( 3) 組合機床多軸箱CAD 設(shè)計方面 多軸箱是組合機床各組成部分中重要的專用部件，經(jīng)由箱體內(nèi)的傳動系統(tǒng)傳動多根主軸旋轉(zhuǎn)運動，并通過刀具完成孔、螺紋等加工工藝。因此，對于組合機床多軸箱的CAD 設(shè)計研究有特別重要的意義。目前，多軸箱的CAD 技術(shù)研究及應(yīng)用已經(jīng)研制出比較實用的軟件系統(tǒng)。AutoCAD 環(huán)境下運行的多軸箱CAD 系統(tǒng)，這些系統(tǒng)都已在企業(yè)中得到了應(yīng)用，系統(tǒng)功能齊全，方便工程師使用。系統(tǒng)根據(jù)組合機床總體設(shè)計( 即三圖一卡) 提供的原始數(shù)據(jù)可以完成多軸箱傳動系統(tǒng)設(shè)計( 包括完成傳動軸布置方案的選擇、齒輪排列、坐標(biāo)計算、各傳動零件的強度及剛度校核，幾何干涉校核等) 和繪圖及打印明細表( 包括完成繪制多軸箱裝配圖及列出裝配明細表、繪制各類通用部件補充加工圖、繪制專用件零件圖、整理打印零件明細表等) 。文獻分別以UG 和Pro /E 為平臺開發(fā)了多軸箱的輔助設(shè)計系統(tǒng)，其功能也能實現(xiàn)多軸箱體的設(shè)計和傳動系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計，只是還缺乏企業(yè)的實際檢驗。 ( 4) 組合機床夾具CAD 設(shè)計方面。 夾具是組合機床的重要組成部件，是根據(jù)機床的工藝和結(jié)構(gòu)方案的具體要求而專門設(shè)計的。它是用于實現(xiàn)被加工零件的準(zhǔn)確定位、夾壓、刀具的導(dǎo)向，以及裝卸工件時的限位等作用的。其布局合理與否，直接決定著組合機床生產(chǎn)的成敗。蔡瑾等人對夾具的裝夾規(guī)劃、構(gòu)形設(shè)計、性能評價等方面的研究成果進行了綜述，然而，縱觀國內(nèi)市場，目前尚沒有完善的夾具CAD 系統(tǒng)可供設(shè)計人員使用，特別是組合機床夾具CAD 系統(tǒng)。目前，針對組合機床夾具CAD 系統(tǒng)的研究相對較少。大連組合機床研究所基于AutoCAD R14． 0開發(fā)了組合機床夾具CAD 軟件。系統(tǒng)按照組合機床行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，建立以下模塊: 定位支撐系統(tǒng)CAD、夾緊機構(gòu)CAD、導(dǎo)向裝置CAD、典型夾緊機構(gòu)夾緊力的計算機輔助分析與計算。各模塊分別建立圖形庫、數(shù)據(jù)庫和程序庫，利用交互設(shè)計方法實現(xiàn)設(shè)計。咸斌針對箱體類零件鉆鏜組合機床夾具設(shè)計中存在的大量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件和典型結(jié)構(gòu)提出基于被加工件三維模型的箱體類組合機床夾具設(shè)計方法［24］，研究了夾具的定位設(shè)計、夾緊設(shè)計和導(dǎo)向設(shè)計。 3 組合機床CAD 技術(shù)發(fā)展面臨的問題和趨勢 上述分別從不同方面對組合機床的計算機輔助設(shè)計進行了分析，為組合機床CAD 的研究提供了更多的借鑒和參考，但是至今仍沒有成熟的CAD 商品化系統(tǒng)。下面分析組合機床CAD 系統(tǒng)研究存在的主要問題，提出相應(yīng)的解決措施和發(fā)展趨勢: ( 1) 從組合機床CAD 系統(tǒng)的研究平臺看，主要有以AutoCAD 為代表的二維軟件平臺和UG，Pro /E，Solidedge各種三維軟件平臺下進行的研究。二維平臺上開發(fā)的設(shè)計系統(tǒng)相對比較成熟，已經(jīng)在企業(yè)中得到了實際應(yīng)用; 而三維軟件平臺下的組合機床CAD 系統(tǒng)的研究，大多數(shù)只研究了組合機床CAD 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計中的某一部分內(nèi)容，存在著不同程度的缺陷。隨著各種三維軟件日益成熟的應(yīng)用，越來越多的企業(yè)正由二維的計算機輔助設(shè)計過渡到三維計算機輔助設(shè)計。國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織于2006 年底制定出ISO16792 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)［25］，該三維標(biāo)注國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定將推動三維計算機輔助設(shè)計技術(shù)發(fā)展的步伐。 ( 2) 從開發(fā)CAD 系統(tǒng)的研究者看，主要來自于高校和企業(yè)。高校研究的軟件平臺一般都是以比較先進的三維軟件為開發(fā)環(huán)境，但由于一般的高校研究者缺乏組合機床一線設(shè)計的經(jīng)驗，系統(tǒng)設(shè)計需求獲取的不全面，導(dǎo)致設(shè)計的系統(tǒng)不完善，企業(yè)覺得“不好用“，不能真正地提高設(shè)計效率。而由企業(yè)設(shè)計的系統(tǒng)相對“好用”，因為企業(yè)的工程師有著多年的設(shè)計經(jīng)驗，開發(fā)的系統(tǒng)符合企業(yè)的設(shè)計需求。但隨著三維CAD 軟件的迅速發(fā)展，企業(yè)從資金、精力上往往難以及時更新，目前幾乎沒有看到企業(yè)基于三維軟件進行組合機床CAD 系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)研究。高校一般具備先進的三維軟件平臺和雄厚的開發(fā)技術(shù)，能為組合機床CAD 系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)提供技術(shù)力量，而企業(yè)的設(shè)計工程師有多年的實戰(zhàn)設(shè)計經(jīng)驗，具備將組合機床的專家領(lǐng)域知識進行知識挖掘的能力，只有高校和企業(yè)聯(lián)合起來的設(shè)計團隊才可能會設(shè)計出實用的組合機床CAD 系統(tǒng)。另外，開發(fā)的系統(tǒng)只有在企業(yè)中由設(shè)計工程師經(jīng)過無數(shù)實際案例的不斷檢驗，對系統(tǒng)不斷地測試調(diào)試，才能使系統(tǒng)趨于完善，達到“好用”的效果。 ( 3) 從系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的方法看組合機床CAD 系統(tǒng)目前主要是利用參數(shù)化建模技術(shù)和模塊化設(shè)計方法來開發(fā)實現(xiàn)，這些系統(tǒng)為設(shè)計人員提供了方便、快捷、高效的設(shè)計工具，但涉及專家系統(tǒng)方面的設(shè)計軟件還未見到，沒有形成一種智能型CAD 設(shè)計系統(tǒng)。然而，在人工智能( Artificial Intelligence，AI) 技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展的今天，隨著知識工程( Knowledge Based Engineering，KBE) 技術(shù)的發(fā)展和深入研究，智能化CAD 系統(tǒng)將應(yīng)運而生。KBE 技術(shù)在工業(yè)產(chǎn)品生命開發(fā)周期的每個階段都能夠充分重復(fù)利用各種實踐經(jīng)驗、專家知識及其他有關(guān)信息，為組合機床CAD 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計向智能化方向發(fā)展提供理論基礎(chǔ)。 Combination of machine CAD technology status and development trend * The combination machine computer-aided design development from the 1970s and has become an important branch of the field of CAD. From the combination of machine tool computer-aided design contains four main research (Modular Machine Tool CAD system, the overall CAD technology, multi-axle CAD technology Fixture CAD technology) to start, the combination of machine tools at home and abroad CAD technology research REVIEW (nearly 10 years of research), and pointed out the existing problems and development trends of research Modular Machine Tool CAD technology. Combination of machine tool universal, serialization, a higher degree of standardization, common parts and components up to 70% to 90%, it is an efficient, high-quality, economical and practical features, which is widely used in engineering machinery, transportation, energy, military , light industry, household appliances and other industries. With the gush of CAD technology matures and a variety of CAD software, on the basis of the supporting software and hardware for different industries, different professional secondary development of software developed for the industry, the professional commercialization software, not only can achieve good economic returns, but also made significant social benefits. Combination of machine tools are one-off designs, one-piece disposable manufacturing products, various changes in its structure, the complexity of the design of a large amount of design work, especially in the current competitive market economy, product life cycles continue to shorten the variety is increasing. Processed products, combined machine is different, which requires engineering and technical personnel to continuously improve the development capability of the machine to meet market requirements. Therefore, how efficient, high-quality design combined machine tool has become the pursuit of the goal of the combination of machine tool manufacturers. A combination of machine tools CAD Technical Overview The combination machine CAD technology has developed into an important component of the CAD technology from the 1970s. Currently, around the combination of machine tool CAD technology research mainly includes the following aspects: (1) a combination of the overall machine design. A combination of the overall machine design task is first to achieve the design object based on information extracted from the feature model of product processing CAD system as a combination of machine tools; followed by the establishment of uncertainty knowledge base, such as cutting force, the general components supporting relationship tool choice of tools, processing the drawings, knowledge; also necessary to establish common components library and Component size database. On this basis, developed based on the known Knowledge combination machine overall program CAD system, through the Knowledge Base Tomoyo Knowledge of the reasoning, design guides the user through the combination of machine tool process diagram, the processing shown Intent to design, the machine general layout design, performance analysis process [2]. (2) The combination of multi-axle machine design. Combination of machine tools multi-axle CAD system is based on the overall design (such as spindle coordinates, speed, etc.) to complete the drive shaft coordinate a variety of geometric interference checking, strength check of the drive components, in order to achieve the design of the drive system, automatic generation of multi- axle box schedules, automatic drawing multi-axle assembly General Plan, box added processing map, front and rear side cover additional processing map, special parts diagram. (3) a combination of machine tool fixture design. The combination of machine tool fixture CAD system because of the highly dedicated, the system must be completed by the designer to interactively design. For the combination of machine tool fixture CAD system to achieve automatic design of four modules: Positioning support the CAD system, the clamping mechanism CAD system, computer-aided analysis and calculation-oriented the device CAD system and typical fixture clamping force according to its main function. In order to achieve this several modules, you need to create a combination of jigs and fixtures generic parts library, the choice of the common parts Knowledge Base, dimensional tolerances, geometric tolerances and other databases and libraries, the use of interactive design method to implement the design. 2 Modular Machine Tool CAD technology research status and results 2. 1 foreign status and results Foreign Modular Machine Tool CAD technology has an early start. Since the beginning of the 1990s, with the development of computer technology, interactive mapping and database management system development and application of a combination of machine tool CAD technology increasingly practical, and expanding the scope. Et al of PetterOlofsgard develop a distributed virtual combination of machine tool manufacturing system, the system supports the full life cycle, including design, simulation, programming, analysis, machine operation and Reconstruction, distributed and open system library management and information Storage. Won Soo Yun and other studies of the development of the virtual machine, and a detailed analysis of the basis for the development of virtual machine, the system is able to predict the result of the cutting process, the virtual machine system through the "pseudo-real processing before the actual cutting of CNC machine tools according to productivity and attributes provide the correct cutting conditions, compensation or process control. Tien-I Liu et al developed a knowledge-based high-speed machining system for product manufacturing, the system provides specific knowledge about all aspects of high-speed machining. Such as processing parameters in the process of high-speed cutting tool material, stability analysis, workpiece material, cutting speed and cutting tool material assessment of the effect of different combinations of processing, the system also provides products in the manufacture of high-speed machining stability analysis and visual display of high-speed graphics processing concepts. It is understood that the United States BURGMAST, KINGSBURY, INGERSOLL, LAMB, CINCINNATI, CROSS, Germany Huller-Hille, Vogtland major machine tool manufacturers have universal application of CAD technology for the design of the machine. One of the most striking is a The INGERSOLL company with 50 interactive CAD workstation hardware and software environment, to achieve almost 100% of CAD for machine design. At present, the combination of machine tools to the development of integrated CAD / CAM system. 2. 2 domestic situation and results In the early 1970s, Dalian Modular Machine Tool Research Institute to develop a combination of machine tool design system based on AutoCAD, opened the curtain of China's combination of machine CAD system. In recent years, with the mature application of CAD software, our many academic units and teams with varying degrees of exploration Modular Machine Tool CAD system, mainly the following aspects: (1) a combination of machine tools for the development of the CAD system. Domestic awareness of the modular machine tool design using CAD earlier. In the early 1970s, Dalian Modular Machine Tool Research Institute began research in this area. 1978 combination of machine tool CAD as machinery industry key projects, and instructed the Shanghai Jiaotong University, Dalian Modular Machine Tool Research Institute, Ministry of Machinery Automation Research Institute is responsible for, Dalian University of Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing University, Shanghai Mechanical and Electrical Products Research Institute units to participate in the drilling combined machine tool CAD, opened the prelude to a combination of machine tools in China CAD technology. After more than 10 years of efforts, and achieved initial results. But by the hardware conditions and limitations of the software environment, narrow the application of the software, the user inconvenient to use. 1998 Dalian Modular Machine Tool Research Institute has developed a combination of machine tool CAD software and appraised by experts. The software is state-of-the-art technology, reliable performance, strong function, convenient and practical, for the combination of machine tool industry in China offers modern design tools, the technology level of the domestic leading position. The software has a modular machine tool design and manufacture of professional factory and engaged in the production of large and medium-sized enterprises to the internal combustion engine, the engine combination machine design and manufacturing departments widely used [6]. In the transformation of traditional industries through the use of CAD technology, improve the design level, enhanced creativity and competitiveness of the enterprises, and achieved good economic and social benefits. Zhou Yimin top-down approach to software UG Modular Machine Tool CAD system developed as a platform [7], the system uses the WAVE (What if Alternate value Engineering) technology enables the hierarchical control of the product. [8 - 9] modular design technology as a platform for the development of a combination of machine CAD system, the system's main control program including cutting calculation module, processing schematic design module, spindle box design module, database management program, three-dimensional UG model template library for machine tool parts graphics library, the processing diagram graphics library, the spindle box design graphics library, overall machine assembly model graphics library, covering almost the whole process of the combination of machine tool design. Wusheng Nan et al UG according to the theory of modular design as a platform to establish a combination of machine graphics library variant design, the combination of machine tools to explore, through the combination of machine tool design practice to achieve a combination of rapid reconstruction of the machine. Guo Zhiqiang et al. Developed in machine tool design based on the combination of B / S system [11], the user through the browser to be completed by the combination of machine tool design under the guidance of the combination of machine tool design system power head power calculation module, automatic matching combination detailed design of the overall design and the spindle of the machine module, automated assembly, generate Figure card boxes and other modules. (2) a combination of machine tool overall CAD design aspects. Dalian Machine Tool Group combination of machine design CAD system developed in 1996 by the Ministry of Machinery technical appraisal, the experts agreed that: the system is correct, state-of-the-art technology, fully functional, practical, and in the same industry leading position in the domestic and reached the advanced level of the international early 1990s. The system is designed combination of machine tools and automatic line overall plan, the quote program design, the machine general layout design, processing schematic design, design and productivity of machining parts process diagram card computing. The combination of machine tools for drilling, reaming, reaming, thread machining, boring, milling plane processing types and in various configurations. At the same time, of Tan Yu et al developed a combination of machine tools based on the AutoCAD environment overall computer-aided design system, including five modules: the calculation module and productivity of the selection module, the machining process diagram module, processing diagram module, contact size card module . The system has been applied in Beijing tractor combination machine design. Literature on Solid Edge combination of overall machine design three-dimensional modeling system developed system for machine tool variable modeling, the establishment of a common template library of components, assembly in accordance with the classification of characteristics of the combination of machine tools, get a combination of different types of machine tools. Literature 3D software Pro / E platform for the development of the overall combination of machine tool CAD design system. The system consists of five modules: the processing parameters and process information extraction module, analysis and calculation module, standard parts selection module, specialized components of the design module, database management module allows designers to use digital means to achieve different types of combinations overall machine design structure virtual assembly, greatly improving the efficiency of the design. (3) The combination of multi-axle CAD machine design The multi-axle specially designed components of the various components of the combination of machine tools, multi-spindle rotary motion transmission through the transmission system of the cabinets, tool to complete the hole, thread and process. Therefore, for the combination of machine tools multi-axle CAD design study is of particular importance. Currently, multi-axle CAD technology research and application have been developed more practical software systems. Multi-axle CAD system AutoCAD environment, these systems have been in the enterprise applications, the system is fully functional, easy engineers. The raw data provided by the system based on a combination of overall machine design (three card) can complete multi-axle drive system design (including layout program choice to complete the drive shaft, gear arrangement, coordinate calculation, the strength and rigidity of the transmission parts check , geometric interference checking, etc.) and drawing and print schedules (including finished drawing multi-axle assembly drawings and lists the assembly