起重機(jī)電氣系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)【優(yōu)秀課程畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)含2張CAD圖紙+帶任務(wù)書(shū)+開(kāi)題報(bào)告+外文翻譯】
起重機(jī)電氣系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)
摘 要
起重機(jī)在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和運(yùn)輸中完成生產(chǎn)進(jìn)程自動(dòng)化和機(jī)械化扮演著重要的角色。起重機(jī)的自動(dòng)化有助于減輕體力勞動(dòng)，提高工作效率，降低工傷有著重要的實(shí)際意義。在鋼鐵行業(yè)、鐵路運(yùn)輸、工礦采集、碼頭港口及物流周轉(zhuǎn)等企業(yè)和部門(mén)中起重機(jī)都得到了廣泛的運(yùn)用。相比于國(guó)外的起重機(jī)設(shè)備，我國(guó)起重機(jī)設(shè)備的控制系統(tǒng)大部分還是采用比較傳統(tǒng)的控制方式。本課題對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的控制方式進(jìn)行了改良，采用基于可編程控制器的方式來(lái)控制起重機(jī)主回路的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。這種方式簡(jiǎn)化了起重機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)、減少了控制系統(tǒng)部分占用的空間、操作維護(hù)更加簡(jiǎn)單等。
論文首先介紹了課題的研究背景，研究的目的及意義，設(shè)計(jì)方案的對(duì)比和選擇，塔式起重機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)和載荷情況等，詳細(xì)計(jì)算了起重機(jī)主要的電器設(shè)備，分析了起重機(jī)的工作原理。完成課題中吊鉤的上升和下降的高速和低速的要求，分析了線路過(guò)流、短路、過(guò)載等保護(hù)的工作原理。
實(shí)現(xiàn)可編程控制器線路的監(jiān)控，采用的是電流變送器和模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換模塊的組合，將線路的交流信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字信號(hào)供可編程控制器讀取與預(yù)設(shè)值進(jìn)行比較，然后根據(jù)設(shè)定程序?qū)χ骰芈吠瓿煽刂撇僮?，詳?xì)地解釋了各段的程序。為了能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)電腦終端的監(jiān)測(cè)，本課題增加了利用電腦組態(tài)王軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)可編程控制器內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)的讀取。本系統(tǒng)的控制核心是采用三菱的可編程控制器。在論文的最后主要是對(duì)起重機(jī)模擬樣機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的解釋。
關(guān)鍵詞：塔式起重機(jī)；Y-△啟動(dòng)；可編程控制器；模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換；電動(dòng)機(jī)
Abstract
To complete the production process automation and mechanization crane plays an important role in modern industrial production and transportation. That automated cranes help to reduce manual labor, improve work efficiency and reduce work-related injuries has important practical significance. It has been widely used in the steel industry, railway transport, mining acquisition, port terminals and other.Compared to foreign crane equipment, Chinese control system of crane equipment mostly adopts the traditional control mode. The traditional control method was modified, in the subject, on PLC-based control system for the crane.The crane control system is simplified on the way.It made operation and maintenance easier and so on.
Paper introduces the research background, purpose and significance of the research.The design schemes are compared in the paper.There are detailed data and working principle of the crane.Completed the task in the rise and fall of the hook of high and low speed, and it analyze the circuit overcurrent, short circuit and overload protection.
Monitoring lines use a combination of current transducer and A / D to complete the AC signal into the digital signal for the PLC to read compared with a preset value, then according to the setting program, it control operation.There are detailed explanations of the various sections of the program. In order to enable monitoring of computer terminals, the subject use Kingview in computer to reads internal data in PLC.Control core of the system is the use of Mitsubishi -64MR PLC. In the end of the paper,it is mainly explanation of the crane simulation prototype design.
Keywords: Tower cranes; Y-△ method;PLC; Analog-to-digital conversion; motor
目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1 緒論 1
1.1 課題簡(jiǎn)介 1
1.2 起重機(jī)的介紹 1
1.3 國(guó)外塔式起重機(jī)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 1
1.4 國(guó)內(nèi)塔式起重機(jī)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2
1.5 可編程控制器在工業(yè)自動(dòng)控制中的應(yīng)用 2
1.6 課題研究的目的及意義 2
1.7 本章小結(jié) 2
2 起重機(jī)電氣系統(tǒng)的方案設(shè)計(jì) 3
2.1 10/1.6t塔式起重機(jī) 3
2.1.1塔式起重機(jī)QTZ160的簡(jiǎn)介 3
2.1.2塔式起重機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)動(dòng)形式 4
2.2 塔式起重機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)改造的原因分析 4
2.3設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù) 5
2.4 設(shè)計(jì)要求 5
2.5 方案設(shè)計(jì) 5
2.6 本章小結(jié) 7
3 起重機(jī)電氣系統(tǒng)的主回路的設(shè)計(jì) 8
3.1 起重機(jī)主電路的設(shè)計(jì) 8
3.2 主要電器設(shè)備計(jì)算及選型 8
3.2.1三相電動(dòng)機(jī)的工作原理 8
3.2.2起重機(jī)的主要電器設(shè)備的選擇 9
3.3 主電動(dòng)機(jī)電器控制線路的設(shè)計(jì) 13
3.4 起重機(jī)保護(hù)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 14
3.4.1過(guò)流保護(hù)和短路保護(hù)控制線路的設(shè)計(jì) 14
3.4.2起重機(jī)限位保護(hù)和聯(lián)鎖保護(hù)的設(shè)計(jì) 15
3.5 本章小結(jié) 15
4 起重機(jī)電氣系統(tǒng)控制部分的設(shè)計(jì) 16
4.1 可編程控制器 16
4.1.1可編程控制器系列的基本組成 16
4.1.2編程軟件GX Developer的簡(jiǎn)介 16
4.2可編程控制器程序的設(shè)計(jì) 16
4.3 可編程控制器的選擇 17
4.3.1可編程控制器程序流程圖 18
4.4 電動(dòng)機(jī)的正反轉(zhuǎn)程序部分的設(shè)計(jì) 19
4.5 模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換部分的設(shè)計(jì) 19
4.5.1模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換模塊-4AD的簡(jiǎn)介 19
4.5.2電流采集程序的設(shè)計(jì) 20
4.6 主電動(dòng)機(jī)過(guò)流和短路軟件部分的設(shè)計(jì) 21
4.6.1電流變送器的簡(jiǎn)介 21
4.6.2過(guò)流保護(hù)和短路保護(hù)的設(shè)計(jì) 21
4.7 PC實(shí)時(shí)顯示的設(shè)計(jì) 22
4.8 本章小結(jié) 22
5 起重機(jī)模擬樣機(jī) 23
5.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器及設(shè)備 23
5.1.1模擬樣機(jī)電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇 23
5.1.2模擬樣機(jī)電動(dòng)機(jī)額定電流的計(jì)算 23
5.2 模擬樣機(jī)電路各處電流值的計(jì)算及元器件的選擇 23
5.3 模擬樣機(jī)運(yùn)行前檢查 24
5.3.1起重機(jī)外觀及標(biāo)注 24
5.3.2起重機(jī)電氣絕緣檢查 24
5.3.3電源柜檢查 25
5.3.4起重機(jī)可編程控制器輸入點(diǎn)檢查 25
5.3.5起重機(jī)可編程控制器輸出點(diǎn)檢查 25
5.4 調(diào)試步驟 25
5.5 本章小結(jié) 26
6 結(jié)論 27
致 謝 28
參考文獻(xiàn) 29
附 錄 30
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