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假設(shè)你是新華中學(xué)的學(xué)生李華，你和在上海上學(xué)的英國(guó)朋友Tom約好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴約。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)用英語(yǔ)給他寫一封電子郵件： （2010·山東） 1. 表示歉意； 2. 解釋原因； 3. 另約時(shí)間。 注意：1. 詞數(shù)120~150； 2. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)。 范文背誦 To:Tom @ Subject:Cancel travelling to Beijing Dear Tom, We made an appointment to go on a trip to Beijing together next weekend, but I am very sorry to inform you that I can not go with you this time. Last night, my mother suddenly fell ill and my father and I were so worried that we took her to hospital. The doctor,checked her over and said she was over-worked and needed to stay at home and rest for a week. My father has to go on a business trip next week, so I have to look after my mother during that time. Anyway, we will have many more chances to visit Beijing. Shall we make it on July 14 and July 15, when I will have some time available? Thank you for your understanding. I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua 句型背誦 ①We made an appointment to go on a trip to Beijing together next weekend. ②I am very sorry to inform you that I can not go with you this time. ③Thank you for your understanding. I am looking forward to your early reply.,1. ______ vt.計(jì)算→ ______ n.計(jì)算 2. ______ adj.普遍的;通用的;宇宙的→ ______ n.宇宙 3. ______ vt.簡(jiǎn)化→ ______ adj.簡(jiǎn)單的→ ______ adv.簡(jiǎn)直;只不過(guò) 4. ______ n. 革命→ ______ adj.革命的；n.革命者 5. ______ adj.人造的;假的→ ______ adj.人造的→ ______ adj.假的 6. ______ n.智力;聰明；智能 → ______ adj.智能的;聰明的 7. ______ vt.解決;解答→ ______ n.解決方法 8. ______ adj.私人的;個(gè)人的;親自的→ ______ adv.就個(gè)人而言，親自 9. ______ adj.總的，整個(gè)的;n.總數(shù);合計(jì)→ ______ adv.完全地;整個(gè)地 10. ______ n.應(yīng)用;用途;申請(qǐng) → ______ v.應(yīng)用;用途;申請(qǐng) 11. ______ vt.vt.& vi.打字→ ______ n.打字員→ ______ n.打字機(jī),14. ______ vi.出現(xiàn);發(fā)生→（形近詞） ______ vi.上升;升起→ ______ vt.升起;提高;種植;飼養(yǎng);撫養(yǎng) 15. ______ adj.電子的→ ______ n.電→ ______ adj.電的，電動(dòng)的→ ______ adj.與電有關(guān)的 答案:1. calculate; calculation 2. universal; universe 3. simplify; simple; simply 4. revolution; revolutionary 5. artificial; man-made; fake 6. intelligence; intelligent 7. solve; solution 8. personal; personally 9. total; totally 10. application; apply 11. explore; explorer; exploration 12. anyhow/anyway 13. type; typist; typewriter 14. arise; rise; raise 15. electronic; electricity; electric; electrical 1. from. ______ 從……時(shí)起 2. ______ a result 結(jié)果 3. ______.that. 如此……以致于…… 4. human ______ 人類,5. ______ a way 在某種程度上 6. ______ the help of 在……的幫助下 7. deal ______ 處理;安排;對(duì)付 8. watch ______ 看守;監(jiān)視 9. have . ______ common 有共同之處 10. go ______ 走過(guò)；過(guò)去；流逝 答案:1. on 2. as 3. so 4. race 5. in 6. with 7. with 8. over 9. in 10. by 1. I developed very slowly and it ______ nearly two hundred years ______ I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. 我發(fā)育緩慢，差不多到了兩百年之后，查爾斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一臺(tái)分析機(jī)。 2. And my memory became ______ ______ ______ even I couldn’t believe it! 我的存儲(chǔ)容量變得如此巨大，連我自己都不能相信！ 答案:1. took; before 2. so large that,1. common adj.共同的，普遍的；常見(jiàn)的 The common man in every country is anxious for world peace. 每個(gè)國(guó)家的老百姓都渴望世界和平。 Snow is common in cold countries.在寒冷的國(guó)家雪是常見(jiàn)的。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： in common共有，公用（在句中多作狀語(yǔ)） have nothing/little/a lot/something in common (with) 與……沒(méi)有/很少/許多/有些共同之處 in common with和……一樣 common sense常識(shí) 【即學(xué)即練】 完成句子 ①我和簡(jiǎn)毫無(wú)共同之處。 I have nothing ______ ______ ______ Jane. ②她已和許多人一起申請(qǐng)參加訓(xùn)練。 ______ ______ ______ many others, she applied for a training place. 答案:①in common with ②In common with,2. arise vi. 出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；起身，起床 How did the argument arise?這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論是怎樣發(fā)生的? She arose from her seat.她從座位上站起來(lái)。 用法點(diǎn)撥： arise 是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。作“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生”講時(shí)，主語(yǔ)多為抽象名詞，如argument/quarrel/movement等。arise from 由……而引起，由……而產(chǎn)生。 【易混辨析】,【即學(xué)即練】 選詞填空（arise/arouse/rise/raise） ①New questions will ______ from such situation. ②His strange behaviour ______ our surprise. ③The price of garlic has ______ /has been ______ since 2010. 答案:①arise ②aroused ③risen/raised 3. in a way 在某種程度上（表示對(duì)情況的態(tài)度） In a way, I like his style of writing. 從某種程度上講，我喜歡他寫作的風(fēng)格。 In a way it was one of our biggest mistakes. 從某種意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，這是我們所犯的最大錯(cuò)誤之一。 【聯(lián)想拓展】 No way!沒(méi)門! in one way= in some ways在某方面,in no way 決不，無(wú)論如何不（位于句首要用倒裝） on one’s way to 在去……的路上 by the way 順便說(shuō) all the way 一路上；始終 in every way 在各方面 in the way=in one’s way 擋住去路；礙事 【即學(xué)即練】 單項(xiàng)填空 I can’t see the word on the blackboard. Your head is ______. A. on the way B. in a way C. by the way D. in the way 解析：選D。in the way和in one’s way，均表示“擋住去路；礙事”之意。由句意可知，D項(xiàng)符合。 4. as a result 結(jié)果，因此 He made a big mistake, and, as a result, lost his job. 他犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)，結(jié)果丟了工作。 用法點(diǎn)撥： as a result 表示“因此，結(jié)果”，單獨(dú)使用，作連接性狀語(yǔ)，起承上啟下的作用。as a result of 表示“由于……，作為……結(jié)果”,后接名詞或代詞，在句子中用來(lái)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)。,【聯(lián)想拓展】 as a result of 由于…… result from由……引起；由于（意思等同于lie in） result in結(jié)果；導(dǎo)致（意思等同于lead to） He didn’t pass the exam as a result of his carelessness. 他由于粗心而沒(méi)有通過(guò)考試。 His success results from his hard work. 他的成功源于自身的努力。 Acting before thinking always results in failure. 做事之前不加考慮總會(huì)導(dǎo)致失敗。 【即學(xué)即練】 完成句子 ①他考試不及格是粗心造成的。 His failure in the exam ______ ______ ______ ______ his carelessness. ②這場(chǎng)意外事故導(dǎo)致熊貓“龍龍”的死亡。 The accident______ ______ the death of panda “LongLong”. 答案:①as a result of ②resulted in,單項(xiàng)填空 ③He fell ______ the bike and broke his leg as ______ . A. down；result B. off；a result C. onto；a result of D. to；a result of 解析：選B?？疾楣潭ù钆?。fall off意思是“從……上掉下來(lái)”；as a result的意思是“因而；結(jié)果是”。 5. make up 化妝；化裝；捏造，虛構(gòu)（故事，詩(shī)等） She spent an hour making (herself) up before the party. 她在聚會(huì)前化妝用了一個(gè)小時(shí)。 Stop making things up! 不要胡編了! 【聯(lián)想拓展】 make up for 補(bǔ)償 be made up of = consist of 由……組成 make for 有利于……，有助于……；走向；沖向 make it 及時(shí)趕到；辦成功 make it up 和解；講和 make known 使知曉；傳達(dá) make out 理解；懂得；辨認(rèn)出,make fun of 取笑；捉弄 make sense 有意義；有道理；講得通 make sure 確信 A bike is made up of many different parts.自行車由不同的零件組成。 【即學(xué)即練】 完成句子 ①我們需要50美元以補(bǔ)足所需要的數(shù)目。 We need $50 to ______ ______ ______ the sum required. ②那位經(jīng)理的字跡很難辨認(rèn)。 It was difficult to ______ ______ the manager’s handwriting. 答案:①make up for ②make out 單項(xiàng)填空 ③In Singapore, a southeastern Asian country, the Chinese people ______ the largest percentage of its population, so you can speak Chinese there. A. make up B. take up C. hold up D. turn up 解析：選A。 make up意為“編造，彌補(bǔ)；組成，構(gòu)成”；take up意為“拿起來(lái)，占據(jù)(時(shí)間或空間)”；hold up 意為“阻止”；turn up意為“開(kāi)大，調(diào)高，出現(xiàn)”。由句意知應(yīng)選A。,6. after all 畢竟，終究 Don’t get discouraged by setbacks, we are new to the work after all. 別因挫折而灰心,我們畢竟不熟悉這項(xiàng)工作。 He did come after all. 他終究還是來(lái)了。 【聯(lián)想拓展】 有關(guān)all的常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)： at all根本，完全；到底，究竟；既然 not at all一點(diǎn)也不 in all總共，共計(jì) above all首先；最重要的是 first of all首先 all in all總之 【即學(xué)即練】 單項(xiàng)填空 ①You should go to see him when he is so seriously ill. ______ ,he is your brother. (2010·銅陵高一質(zhì)檢) A. In all B. At all C. Above all D. After all 解析:選D。句意為：他病得這么厲害，你應(yīng)該去看他，畢竟他是你兄弟。in all 總共，共計(jì)；at all根本；above all 首先；after all畢竟，別忘了。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選D。,②The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings; ______ , it caused 20 deaths. A. or else B. therefore C. after all D. besides 解析：選D。由語(yǔ)境邏輯可以推出該空表示“另外，除此之外”，只有D項(xiàng)與句意相符。 7. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told！（P18） 隨著時(shí)間的推移，我的記憶能力發(fā)展得如此之快，就像一頭大象一樣，我從來(lái)不會(huì)忘記告訴我的任何事情！ So/Such.that意思為“如此……以致于……”引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。 【聯(lián)想拓展】 由so構(gòu)成的常見(jiàn)句型： adj./adv.+ that-clause so+ adj.+ a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that-clause many/much/few/little +n.+ that-clause,注意：so與many/few/little/much 連用，但當(dāng)little修飾可數(shù)名詞指大小時(shí)可與such連用。 由such構(gòu)成的常見(jiàn)句型： a/an+adj.+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that-clause such+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that-clause adj.+不可數(shù)名詞+that-clause She’s so ill that she can’t get out of bed. 她病得很重，都下不了床了。 These are such interesting books that children like to read them. 這些書(shū)很有趣，孩子們都喜歡讀。 溫馨提示：①so that 既可以表達(dá)結(jié)果，又可以表達(dá)目的，表目的時(shí)相當(dāng)于in order that。 I stopped so that you could catch up. 我停下來(lái)以便你能趕上。 ②so.that.結(jié)構(gòu)中的so+形容詞/副詞位于句首時(shí)，主句要倒裝。 So hard does he work that he seldom goes home. 他工作那么努力，幾乎不回家。 ③such.as.中的as引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。,【即學(xué)即練】 單項(xiàng)填空 ①—What a beautiful day! —Yes, it’s ______ that I’d like to take a walk. A. such nice weather B. so a nice weather C. too nice weather D. nice weather so 解析:選A。因?yàn)榇颂巜eather是中心詞，且為不可數(shù)名詞，所以不能加冠詞。 ②He knows ______ to deal with man but when he meets women, he doesn’t know to do. A. what; how B. what; what C. how; what D. how; how 解析:選C。作“對(duì)待，處理”解時(shí)，do with 和deal with同義，deal with與how搭配，do with與what搭配。后一句中what作do的賓語(yǔ)。故選C。,Ⅰ. 單詞拼寫 1. I ______(實(shí)在) can’t do such stupid behaviour. 2. Now students are in need of good ______(科技的) books badly. 3. Use your ______ (聰明才智), and you’re sure to achieve something. 4. I’m afraid that your way of doing the job is ______ (完全地) wrong. 5. The new buildings have changed the ______ (特點(diǎn)) of the village. 6. The railway ______ (信號(hào)) showed that the train could pass. 7. I have c ______ that there are 10, 080 minutes in a week. 8. The army officers led a r ______ against the king. 9. P ______, I think he is dishonest, but many people trust him. 10. The principal’s a ______ at the party didn’t seem to be very welcome. 答案:1. simply 2. technological 3. intelligence 4. totally 5. character 6. signal 7. calculated 8. revolution 9. Personally 10. appearance,Ⅱ. 用方框內(nèi)所給短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空 with the help of/make up/after all/so .that./deal with in a way/watch over/have.in common/in fact/go by 1. She didn’t want to go to the party, so she ______ an excuse. 2. Lili and Lucy are twins, and they ______ much______ . 3. ______his teacher, he had made greater progress in his English. 4. The new teacher is fresh from university, so he really doesn’t know how to ______ his badly behaved students. 5. Well, the story is too much for Mary. She can’t understand it. ______, she’s only two. 6. As time______ , the little girl is getting prettier and prettier. 7. ______ , his biology has improved, but there is still a long way to go. 8. They told me it would be cheap, but ______ it cost me nearly $500. 9. He was ______angry ______ he left the room without saying a word. 10. The driver hurt in the accident ______ in hospital all the time by the doctor yesterday.,答案:1. made up 2. have;in common 3. With the help of 4. deal with 5. After all 6. goes by 7. In a way 8. in fact 9. so;that 10. was being watched over Ⅲ. 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 1.Tom has changed much. I can’t recognize him at the first sight. Tom has changed ______ much ______ I can’t recognize him at the first sight. 2. We have written a lot of e-mails on the computer in the past year. A lot of e-mails ______ on the computer in the past year by us. 3. As the years have gone on, computers have been made smaller and smaller. As the years have gone on, people ______ ______ computers smaller and smaller. 4. He is so strong that he can carry the heavy box. He is ______ a ______ boy he can carry the heavy box.,5. Luckily, I’d bought a new computer. I would have failed to finish my novel without it. Luckily, I’ d bought a new computer ______ ______ I would have failed to finish my novel. 答案:1. so;that 2. have been written 3. have made 4. such;strong;that 5. without which Ⅳ. 完成句子 1. You can easily ____ ____(交流)people all over the world by Internet. 2. Computer companies love ______ ______ (編制) some new programmes to replace the old ones. 3. This kind of computer is specially ______ ______ (為……設(shè)計(jì))the teachers and students. 4. ______ ______ ______ ______ (在……幫助下)computers, you’ll find it not difficult to share information. 5. It costs much to buy a computer for each teacher, but ______ ______ (畢竟), it is well worth doing. 答案:1. communicate with 2. making up 3. designed for 4. With the help of 5. after all,Ⅴ. 單項(xiàng)填空 1. —Would you please help me post the letter on your way to the school? —______. A. With pleasure B. My pleasure C. It’s a pleasure D. A pleasure 解析：選A。with pleasure是對(duì)別人請(qǐng)求幫助的回答，而其他選項(xiàng)是對(duì)別人感謝的回答。 2. Don’ t punish him. ______, he is only a small child. A. After all B. At all C. Not at all D. In all 解析：選A。after all經(jīng)常用來(lái)表達(dá)“提醒”，意為“別忘了”；at all用在疑問(wèn)句或否定句中起加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用；not at all意為“一點(diǎn)也不”；in all意為“總計(jì)；總共”。 3. They finished the task ahead of time ______ the help of their teacher and classmates. A. under B. with C. at D. to 解析：選B。with the help of在……的幫助下，為固定搭配。,4. Two years had ______ before we knew what happened. A. gone on B. gone by C. come on D. come by 解析：選B?？疾槎陶Z(yǔ)辨析。go on發(fā)生；go by經(jīng)過(guò)；come on快點(diǎn)；come by過(guò)來(lái)。由句意可知應(yīng)選B。 5. The women water the trees ______ they will grow well. A. so as to B. in order to C. so that D. to 解析：選C。so as to, in order to后都可以接目的狀語(yǔ)，但需用動(dòng)詞原形，而so that后跟從句。 6. Strange! The two brothers have nothing ______. A. to common B. common C. in common D. with common 解析：選C。in common為固定搭配，意為“共同”。,7. When and where to build the new factory______ . A. have not been decided B. have not decided C. are not decided D. has not been decided 解析：選D。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處的主語(yǔ)是when and where看作是整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 8. The more you study maths, ______. A. you will feel easier B. easier you will feel C. the easier you will feel D. the more easier you will feel 解析：選C?？疾閠he more.the more句型。句意為：你學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)越多，你感覺(jué)就越容易。 9. Though he thought he was helping us prepare the dinner, but he was only______ . A. in no way B. in a way C. in the way D. in one way 解析：選C。in the way妨礙；in no way決不；in a way從某種程度上，與 in one way意思相同。由句意知應(yīng)選C。,10. How to ______ this matter is worth thinking. A. do of B. do about C. deal with D. deal of 解析：選C。deal with處理,符合句意。 11. It’s a big task. I don’t think he ______finish it before 6 p.m. A. unique B. merely C. only D. alone 解析：選D。句意為：這是一項(xiàng)重大任務(wù)。我認(rèn)為他一個(gè)人在下午6點(diǎn)之前無(wú)法完成它。alone可用于名詞或代詞后，意為“唯一，只有，獨(dú)自”。 12. —Have you looked through the plan? —Not yet. This plan is ______ careful consideration. A. short of B. fond of C. proud of D. worthy of 解析：選D。句意為：——你看這個(gè)計(jì)劃了嗎？——還沒(méi)有，但這個(gè)計(jì)劃值得仔細(xì)考慮。,13. —It was ______ of you to share your food with me. —That all right. A. sharp B. dull C. mean D. generous 解析：選D。句意為：——你把食物分給我真是太慷慨了。——沒(méi)什么。generous 慷慨的，大方的；sharp 鋒利的，敏銳的；dull 遲鈍的，單調(diào)的；mean 小氣的，吝嗇的，依照句意選D。 14. Their cheerful voice showed they were having a ______ discussion. A. noisy B. serious C. complete D. friendly 解析：選D。cheerful voice表明討論應(yīng)是“友好的”。 15. Yesterday I was walking downstairs when I missed my foot and had a bad fall, nothing serious ______. A. even B. either C. then D. though 解析：選D。副詞主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞和其他副詞，或整個(gè)句子。根據(jù)句意可知答案。though作副詞用時(shí)，意為“然而”，放在句末。,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,