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專題二　閱讀七選五 訓(xùn)練1　說明文(Ⅰ) A (2016廈門外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校適應(yīng)性考試) Being Left－h(huán)anded in a Right－h(huán)anded World The world is designed for right－h(huán)anded people，but why does a tenth of the population prefer the left? 1 The answer to it remains a bit of a mystery.Since scientists have noticed that left－h(huán)andedness tends to run in families，its assumed that left－h(huán)andedness has a genetic(基因的) component to it. 2 In fact，identical twins，who share the same genes，can sometimes prefer to use different hands.There are also plenty of theories on what else might determine which hand you write with，but many experts believe that its kind of random. Historically，the left side and left－h(huán)andedness have been considered a negative thing by many cultures. 3 In some areas，the left hand became known as the “unclean” hand.In many religions，the right hand of God is the favored hand.For example，Jesus sits at Gods right side.Gods left hand，however，is the hand of judgement.Various activities and experiences become rude or even signs of bad luck when the left hand becomes involved.In some parts of Scotland，it is considered bad luck to meet a left－h(huán)anded person at the start of a journey. 4 A person giving directions will put their left hand behind them and even physically try to point with their right hand if necessary.In some Asian countries，eating with the left hand is considered impolite. 5 People come to realize that left－h(huán)andedness is natural.People even noticed that many famous people are left－h(huán)anded，including Benjamin Franklin，Leonardo Da Vinci，and Charlie Chaplin.Some researchers find out that lefties are more creative and can deal with abstract thinking better.The left－h(huán)andedness is more easily adaptable to the right－h(huán)anded world as well.Being left－h(huán)anded is no longer a sad story now; instead，it is a wonderful gift or maybe it is something you should take pride in. A. In other words，left－h(huán)anders are born that way. B．Left－h(huán)andedness used to be regarded as a disability. C．The unfavorable associations of the use of the left hand among cultures are varied. D．Why do they prefer to use their left hand rather than their right hand for routine activities? E．Why do some parents force their left－h(huán)anded children to become right－h(huán)anded when writing? F．In Ghana，pointing，gesturing，giving or receiving items with the left hand is considered rude. G．Fortunately，nowadays most societies and cultures no longer reject left－h(huán)andedness like before. 本文是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了人們使用左手的原因，過去對(duì)左撇子的誤解以及現(xiàn)如今人們不再像以前那樣拒絕左撇子了。 1．D　[上句提到：但是為什么有十分之一的人喜歡用左手，第二段首句提到：這個(gè)問題依然有很多謎團(tuán)。可知此處是在詢問“為什么他們喜歡用左手而不是右手從事日?；顒?dòng)呢？”] 2．A　[上句提到：由于科學(xué)家注意到左手傾向于在家人之間遺傳，人們認(rèn)為左撇子有這方面的基因成分。因此可以判斷有一些人一出生就是那個(gè)樣子。] 3．C　[上文提到：歷史上，在許多文化中，使用左手一直被認(rèn)為是負(fù)面的事情。下文提到：在一些地區(qū)左手被認(rèn)為“不干凈”。在許多宗教中，上帝的右手是最受歡迎的手?？芍煌奈幕瘜?duì)使用左手不利的聯(lián)系各不相同。] 4．F　[上文提到：當(dāng)左手參與的時(shí)候，各種各樣的活動(dòng)或經(jīng)歷變成粗魯甚至是壞運(yùn)氣的標(biāo)志。在蘇格蘭一些地區(qū)，在旅行開始時(shí)遇見一個(gè)左撇子會(huì)被認(rèn)為運(yùn)氣不好。因此下句應(yīng)該是舉使用左手被認(rèn)為粗魯?shù)睦?。] 5．G　[根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容并結(jié)合空后第一句“People come to realize that left－h(huán)andedness is natural.”可知，本段主要講述現(xiàn)如今大多數(shù)社會(huì)和文化不再像以前一樣拒絕左撇子了。] B (2016東北三省四市聯(lián)考) Applying for college in the United States from another country can be exciting and challenging. 6 But it is not difficult if you follow the procedures carefully. There are more applicants than those the colleges in the United States can accept in any year. 7 The key to successful admission is in careful planning and completing the required steps on time.Keep in mind the following advice during your college planning. 8 What kind of person are you? What are your interests? Why do you think studying in another country will be good for you? What if studying in another country makes you feel anxious? ... Start planning ahead of time 9 Identify the things that are the most important to you.Make a list of those characteristics to help you compare the colleges that interest you.Talk with students in your country who have studied in the US.Plan your college budget. 10 Be sure that your information is current and correct. A. Talk about your family situations B．Consider your own characteristics C．Be realistic about how you will pay for your education. D．The process may be different from the one in your country. E．Plan about two years before you wish to start studying in the US. F．Follow the advice above，and you will make it to an ideal college in the US. G．So college admission can be competitive，especially for applicants from outside the US. 本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了申請(qǐng)去美國(guó)留學(xué)之前需要做的一些準(zhǔn)備工作。 6．D　[根據(jù)空格后的“But”可知，上下句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系?？崭窈缶湟猓旱侨绻阏J(rèn)真地遵循程序就不難。故D項(xiàng)“申請(qǐng)過程可能和你所在的國(guó)家不同”與下句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。] 7．G　[空格前講申請(qǐng)美國(guó)的大學(xué)的人數(shù)比這些大學(xué)能接受的人數(shù)多。故G項(xiàng)“所以在大學(xué)錄取中會(huì)存在一定的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，尤其是對(duì)于來自美國(guó)之外的申請(qǐng)者”能夠承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。] 8．B　[根據(jù)下文列舉的4個(gè)問題可知，申請(qǐng)大學(xué)之前申請(qǐng)者要考慮自身的特點(diǎn)。故B項(xiàng)“考慮你自身的特點(diǎn)”起到概括作用，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。] 9．E　[本段標(biāo)題為“提前開始計(jì)劃”，空格后對(duì)此進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)說明。故E項(xiàng)“在你想去美國(guó)留學(xué)的大約前兩年開始計(jì)劃”能夠聯(lián)系上下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)。] 10．C　[空格前講要對(duì)大學(xué)的費(fèi)用進(jìn)行預(yù)算。故C項(xiàng)“對(duì)你將如何支付教育費(fèi)用要現(xiàn)實(shí)”能夠承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。] C (2016深圳市調(diào)研測(cè)試) Television is everywhere around us.Yet it is great for learning English.The pictures make it easier to understand than radio and because you can see whos talking，and get a better idea of what people mean.Just watch their “body language”！ Watch programs that you find enjoyable and entertaining. 11 Heres the english－at－h(huán)ome.com guide to learning as much as possible while watching English television： 12 Learning English should be fun—not something that you have to force yourself to do.If you have a passion for football，watch matches or the sports news. Keep a notebook near to your television. 13 This is especially useful.You can look for programs with sub－titles in your own language. Try to watch English television regularly.Even if you can only watch 15 minutes a day，youll be amazed how much you learn. Dont worry if you dont understand everything.English television is normally aimed at native English speakers. 14 If the programs that youre watching are full of unknown words，just concentrate on understanding the general meaning. Keep a note of television programs and presenters that you find easy to understand and try to watch them regularly. 15 Soon you will impress your friends with your English skills. A. Dont watch the programs too easy for you. B．Better watch programs that you find interesting. C．Programs often include many difficult words. D．English learning has little to do with watching TV. E．Whatever you watch will help you improve your English. F．Doing this will increase your confidence in learning English. G．You can take down any new words or expressions that you hear. 本文是一篇說明文?？从⑽碾娨暪?jié)目有助于學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。那么，在看英文電視節(jié)目時(shí)，應(yīng)該注意些什么呢？本文就此提出了一些建議。 11．E　[根據(jù)上文可知，你可以看一些自己認(rèn)為有趣和喜歡的節(jié)目，接著下文提到通過看英文電視節(jié)目來學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的一些指南。因此空格處應(yīng)起到承上啟下的作用。E項(xiàng)意為“無論你看什么內(nèi)容，都會(huì)幫助你提高英語(yǔ)”，符合語(yǔ)境，能夠總結(jié)上文內(nèi)容并引起下文。故選E。] 12．B　[此處為該段主題句。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容尤其是最后一句可知，如果你對(duì)足球有熱情，那么你就看比賽或者體育新聞，學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是一個(gè)有趣的過程。B項(xiàng)意為“最好看你會(huì)感興趣的節(jié)目”，能夠概括該段主旨，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。] 13．G　[根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講述在電視機(jī)旁放一個(gè)筆記本，目的是你可以記下你聽到的內(nèi)容，這是相當(dāng)有用的。G項(xiàng)與上下文話題銜接密切，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。] 14．C　[根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知，本段主要闡述如果沒有完全理解所有意思也不要著急。英語(yǔ)電視節(jié)目往往是播放給自己國(guó)家的人看的，節(jié)目中常常會(huì)有很多你不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞。C項(xiàng)意為“節(jié)目中通常含有一些難懂的詞”，與本段內(nèi)容呼應(yīng)，且與上下文話題銜接緊密，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。] 15．F　[根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，記住你認(rèn)為容易理解的電視節(jié)目和主持人，并盡可能定期收看。故F項(xiàng)“這樣做可以使你在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)方面增加自信”承接上文話題，對(duì)上文進(jìn)行合理的解釋，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。] D (2016全國(guó)丙卷) Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 16 But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult. 17 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. 18 Fresh fish should smell sweet：you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh. 19 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one. There are many common methods used to cook fish. 20 First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices (調(diào)料)．Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.) Then，its ready to serve. A．Do not buy it. B．The easiest is to steam it. C．This is how you can do it. D．It just requires a little knowledge. E．The fish will go bad within hours. F．When buying fish, you should first smell it. G．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease. 本文是一篇說明文。人人都知道吃魚有利于身體健康，但在家做魚的人似乎不多。于是，本文作者介紹了能買到新鮮的魚的技巧以及一種簡(jiǎn)單的做魚方法。 16．G　[解本題可用句意判斷法?？崭袂罢f“人人都知道吃魚有益健康”，故本空應(yīng)該接上句說吃魚的好處，由此可知選G項(xiàng)“人們認(rèn)為魚的脂肪有助于預(yù)防心臟病”。本設(shè)空類型為細(xì)節(jié)理解類。] 17．D　[解本題可用句意判斷法?？崭袂罢f“買魚、儲(chǔ)藏魚、做魚并不難”，空格后說“本文就是關(guān)于如何買魚并用一種簡(jiǎn)單方法做魚的”。綜觀各選項(xiàng)，D項(xiàng)“這只需要一點(diǎn)兒知識(shí)”與上下文語(yǔ)意銜接緊密，故為答案。本設(shè)空類型為過渡句類。] 18．F　[解本題可用詞匯鎖定法。由空格后的smell sweet可鎖定F項(xiàng)中的smell it。將F項(xiàng)代入空格后，語(yǔ)境為“買魚時(shí)，你應(yīng)該先聞一聞。新鮮的魚聞起來不錯(cuò)”。句意銜接緊密，故答案為F項(xiàng)。本設(shè)空類型為細(xì)節(jié)理解類。] 19．A　[解本題可用句意判斷法?？崭袂罢f“任何魚腥味或濃烈的臭味都說明這魚不新鮮”，理所當(dāng)然，這樣的魚不能買，故選A項(xiàng)。本設(shè)空類型為細(xì)節(jié)理解類。] 20．B　[解本題可用關(guān)聯(lián)邏輯法。空格前說“魚有很多普通做法”，空格后開始列舉步驟，由此可推測(cè)空格處應(yīng)該是指出眾多方法中的一種。故選B項(xiàng)“最簡(jiǎn)單的(方法)是蒸魚”。本設(shè)空類型為過渡句類。] E (2016湖北七市(州)教科研協(xié)作體聯(lián)考) Everyone wants to become a better person，but many of us dont know what to do. 21 But I think everyone deserves respect and can become a better person.If you really want it，you can change yourself and your habits by taking a few little steps described below. ●Pursue your passion.Its important to find yourself and pursue your passion.Learn to listen to your inner self，even when someone is trying to bring you down.Some people try to bring you down because theyre too weak and cowardly to pursue their passions and they dont think you should pursue yours.Dont listen to them.Spend time with yourself and think about the thing that brings you joy. 22 ● 23 Another important thing to do to be a better person is to learn how to keep your dignity.Keep in mind that only youre responsible for your choices and decision in life and never get down on yourself when you do something wrong.Dont let anyone or anything bring you down and remind yourself that your life is unique，special and really worthwhile. ● Share your time，energy and talents. 24 You might not get aware of them，but you have them.Sharing your time，energy and talents can help become a better person，so learn to share more of your precious time with others and help people in need and you will feel much better about yourself. ●Learn something new.You should never stop learning something new.That you are in your 30s or 40s，or even 60s，doesnt mean you cant learn a new language or other interesting things.Knowledge is always great. 25 When you are a well－educated person，everyone respects you and your knowledge. A. Generally speaking，a better person must be a talented person. B．The more you learn about the new things，the better you will feel about yourself. C．Life is so tough that we often make mistakes we dont want to do. D．Every person has talents，including you. E．Learn to keep your dignity. F．Be responsible for your choices and decision. G．Youll soon discover your passion and start pursuing it. 本文是一篇說明文。文章就如何讓自己成為一個(gè)更好的人提出了一些建議。 21．C　[上文提到，人人都想成為一個(gè)更好的人，但很多人又不知該如何去做。而空格后講人人都應(yīng)該得到尊重而且可以成為一個(gè)更好的人。根據(jù)“But”可知，空格處與下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，故C項(xiàng)“生活如此艱難以至于我們經(jīng)常犯我們不想犯的錯(cuò)誤”即承接上文話題，又與下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，符合語(yǔ)境。故C項(xiàng)正確。] 22．G　[根據(jù)該段主題句和內(nèi)容可知，該段主要講述發(fā)現(xiàn)自我和追逐激情是非常重要的。因此不要被別人的言行所誘惑，花點(diǎn)時(shí)間考慮一下帶給你快樂的那些事。G項(xiàng)“你很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你的熱情并開始追尋它”承接上文中的“passion”，并照應(yīng)該段主題，符合語(yǔ)境。故G項(xiàng)正確。] 23．E　[根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處是該段的主題句。根據(jù)下文中的“to learn how to keep your dignity”可知，該段主要講述要學(xué)會(huì)保持你的尊嚴(yán)，這也是成為一個(gè)更好的人需要做的另一件重要的事情。E項(xiàng)概括了這一主題，適合做該段主題句。故E項(xiàng)正確。] 24．D　[主題句講，要分享你的時(shí)間、精力和天賦。聯(lián)系下文可知，你也許并不清楚自己的天賦，但你一定具備。由此可知，D項(xiàng)“包括你在內(nèi)，人人都有自己的天賦”與下文話題聯(lián)系密切，符合語(yǔ)境。故D項(xiàng)正確。] 25．B　[根據(jù)該段主題句和內(nèi)容可知，該段主要講述人要一直學(xué)習(xí)新的東西。故B項(xiàng)“當(dāng)你學(xué)得越多，你就會(huì)感覺越好”照應(yīng)該段主題句承接上文話題“Knowledge is always great.”，符合語(yǔ)境。故B項(xiàng)正確。] 【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：90892053】