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課時21 動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)（一） Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A Noise pollution in cities is causing our health to suffer： one in five Europeans is regularly exposed to sound levels at night that could significantly damage their health， leading to diseases， sleep difficulties and stress. Researchers in Belgium have developed an app called NoiseTube that allows everyone to transform their smartphone into a sound level meter(儀表). NoiseTube works by recording sound levels and GPS locations. Once launched the app shows decibel(分貝) levels of green or red depending on the level of noise. That information is then sent to the NoiseTube server via the Internet where a “noise map” is produced and then made available to the user. The project started in 2008 as a new form of data gathering， one that was close to people and of a social concern. “Sound was an obvious choice because everyone has a microphone on their mobile phone， and noise pollution， along with air pollution is an environmental concern. Often the two go hand in hand，” DHondt of the NoiseTube Project said. Since its launch， the app has been popular with community groups who want to monitor their own noise levels. They dont think that city produced noise maps give an enough explanation of the level of noise theyre experiencing. City produced noise maps are based on statistical models involving very few actual measurements. NoiseTube on the other hand gives a detailed account of the level of noise experienced at a specific time and location. “Ten people walking the same area from 9 to 10 am every day for one week can make a valid(有效的) and detailed map for an area of a couple of blocks，” DHondt said. So far these sorts of noise maps have been produced for a number of European cities. The app has been downloaded by 10，000 people with 2，700 people registered on the NoiseTube website. [語篇解讀]　這是一篇說明文，介紹了一款方便人們檢測噪音污染情況的手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序。 1.What is the main function of NoiseTube？ A.Measure noise levels. B.Reduce noise pollution. C.Make people aware of noise pollution. D.Help treat diseases caused by noise pollution. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“an app called NoiseTube that allows everyone to transform their smartphone into a sound level meter(儀表)”和第四段第一句話“Since its launch， the app has been popular with community groups who want to monitor their own noise levels”可知，該手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序的主要功能是檢測噪音水平。 答案：A 2.What can be learned about NoiseTube from the passage？ A.NoiseTube is mainly accepted and used by young people. B.NoiseTube helps record the location of the noise in detail. C.NoiseTube can show the process of drawing noise maps. D.NoiseTube is a builtin app in a new kind of smartphone. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第二段第一句話“NoiseTube works by recording sound levels and GPS locations”可知，該程序依靠GPS定位系統(tǒng)來確定噪音位置。 答案：B 3.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？ A.How NoiseTube works. B.How NoiseTube gathers data. C.How NoiseTube was invented. D.How noise levels are classified. 解析：段落大意題。本段主要講述的是NoiseTube這款手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序的工作原理，故選A。 答案：A 4.Why do people think little of city produced noise maps？ A.They arent drawn very clearly. B.They are difficult to understand. C.They cant be used without a smartphone. D.They cant show the real noise level of a place. 解析：推理判斷題。依據(jù)第四段第二、三句話可知，人們對于城市官方提供的噪聲地圖不信任，認(rèn)為其不能反映真實情況。 答案：D B Before Christmas Eve in 1870 Richard Wagner and his wife， Cosima， had agreed not to buy each other Christmas presents. They were simply too poor. But Wagner was planning a surprise gift. For more than two months he had been crafting a piece of music to be performed outside Cosimas bedroom door on Christmas morning. He had based it on themes later to be used in his opera Siegfried， plus a little nursery song he had written for their children two years earlier. He completed the Siegfried Idyll three weeks before Christmas and arranged for conductor Hans Richter to choose the members of the small orchestra. Richter conducted secret rehearsals， first in Zurich then at a hotel in Lucerne. Wagner invited philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche to the final rehearsal on Christmas Eve at Hotel du Lac and they arrived together at the Wagners home in the village of Trihschen. There they found Cosima decorating the Christmas tree and preparing presents for the children. At seven oclock on Christmas morning the musicians arrived and quietly arranged themselves on the stairs outside Cosimas room. They began to play. “As I awoke to the light of dawn，” Cosima said later， “my mind passed from one dream into another. Familiar sounds from Siegfried came to my ears. It was as if the house—or more accurately—our entire being， was rising up in music and going up to heaven. Sacred memories， birdsong and sunrise， interwoven with music from Siegfried， calmed my heart and I came to realize that I was not dreaming， and yet was experiencing the most wonderful one of all dreams. Now at last I understood all of Richards writing in secret.” And yet Wagner had kept his promise not to buy his wife a Christmas present. December 25th was Cosimas birthday. [語篇解讀]　這是一篇記敘文。雖然Wagner夫婦說好了圣誕節(jié)不互送禮物，因為他們實在是太窮了，但是Wagner秘密為妻子創(chuàng)作了一首曲子，并請演奏家在圣誕節(jié)早上為妻子演奏美妙的樂曲，妻子非常感動。這是一份讓人意想不到的禮物。 5.Why did the Wagners agree not to buy Christmas presents for each other？ A.They both didnt like to buy presents. B.They were only too poor. C.They didnt know what to buy. D.They didnt have the habit. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Richard Wagner and his wife， Cosima，had agreed not to buy each other Christmas presents.They were simply too poor”可知他們不互送禮物是因為他們實在是太窮了。 答案：B 6.How did Wagner create the Siegfried Idyll？ A.He based it on themes in his later opera Siegfried and a little nursery song. B.He created it by himself. C.His friend helped him to create it. D.His family helped him to create it. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“He had based it on themes later to be used in his opera Siegfried，plus a little nursery song he had written for their children two years earlier”可知，他的曲子取材于他后來的歌劇Siegfried中的旋律，另外加入一首兩年前他寫給孩子們的小童謠。 答案：A 7.What does the underlined word “themselves” in Paragraph 4 refer to？ A.Christmas　　　　　　　　 B.the musicians C.the stairs D.the children 解析：代詞指代題。根據(jù)句中的“the musicians arrived and quietly arranged”可知themselves指的是“音樂家們”。 答案：B 8.What is the main idea of the passage？ A.A common Christmas. B.A great love. C.A pleasant birthday party. D.A surprise gift. 解析：主旨大意題。本文主要講了Wagner秘密為妻子創(chuàng)作曲子，并請演奏家在圣誕節(jié)早上為妻子演奏美妙的樂曲的故事。這是一份讓人意想不到的禮物。故選D項。 答案：D Ⅱ.閱讀填句 China is a huge country by the number of inhabitants， its limitless territory， the variety of climates and ethnic groups， the profusion of rivers and streams. With its surface， it covers the third world rank—behind Russia and Canada. __1__ This vast territory indeed undergoes the influence of almost all climates (except the Siberian one)， from the hottest to the iciest. __2__ Some areas are far from the sea and some areas are close to the sea. Both the topography and the climate are diverse and complex. Chinas climate is dominated by dry and wet wind， which causes obvious temperature differences between winter and summer. __3__ In summer， influenced by the warm and moist winds from the seas， most parts of the country are hot and rainy. __4__ In terms of temperature， China can be divided from south to north into six zones： tropical， subtropical， warmtemperate， temperate， coldtemperate， and QinghaiTibet Plateau Temperate Zone. __5__ A.China covers up a wide range of latitude and longitude. B.In winter， the cold and dry winds blowing from the continental landmass towards the seas are prevailing， so most parts， especially the north part of the country， are cold and dry. C.It represents a quarter of the surface of Asia. D.Most of the country lies in the North Temperate Zone， characterized by a warm climate and welldefined seasons， with a climate well suited for habitation. E.In the Northeast， summers are brief and fresh， and the winters are long and rough. F.Wuhan， Chongqing， and Nanjing along the Yangtze River are Chinas three famous furnaces. G.The best seasons to travel to China are autumn and spring， during which time wearing light clothes with a small jacket or sweater is appropriate. [語篇解讀]　本文是一篇說明文。描述了中國的疆域及氣候狀況。 1.解析：空白處前面講到：“中國的國土面積居世界第三位，僅次于俄羅斯和加拿大”故空白處也應(yīng)該是進(jìn)一步介紹國土面積情況的，C項符合題意。 答案：C 2.解析：空白處為本段的主題句。根據(jù)其后兩個句子的句意“一些地區(qū)離海很遠(yuǎn)，一些地方靠海。地貌和氣候復(fù)雜多樣”可以推斷出A項符合語境。 答案：A 3.解析：依據(jù)第三段中的關(guān)鍵詞between winter and summer及第五段中的關(guān)鍵詞In summer可知B項符合語境。 答案：B 4.解析：根據(jù)前一句的意思“在夏天受來自海洋暖濕季風(fēng)的影響，中國大部分地區(qū)炎熱多雨”可以推斷出，下文可能會舉例說明，故F項符合語境。 誤解分析：易誤選E。盡管有關(guān)鍵詞summers，但是本段只涉及夏天情況，E項也講述了冬天的情況，故不合題意。 答案：F 5.解析：上文的關(guān)鍵詞six zones和temperate與D項中North Temperate Zone照應(yīng)，故選D項。 答案：D Ⅲ.語法填空 Many Chinese tourists in Paris have decided not to cancel their visits in the City of Light after Islamist gunmen and bombers killed at least 140 people there on Friday， according 1.________ several Chinese travel agencies reached by the Global Times. Most of the tourist 2.________(group) in Paris continued with their plans， and only a few groups 3.________(return) to China. “It seems that only one tour group 4.________(cancel)，” Xu Long， a Parisbased tour guide 5.________ over 10 years tourism experience， told the Global Times. Xu added that November is not 6.________ peak period for tourism， and many of the present Chinese tourists are visiting relatives， or attending exhibitions for business. An official with the Convention and Visitors Bureau of Paris 7.________ asked to remain anonymous(匿名的) told the Global Times that the majority of areas in Paris are 8.________ (safety). The official hopes Chinese tourists will follow through with their scheduled visits. The China National Tourism Administration (CNTA) asked Chinese travel agencies 9.________(enhance) safety precautions among tour groups in France and also warned Chinese tourists not to go to areas where the attacks occurred or to places of public gathering. Many nations， including the UK and Canada， have warned their nationals to be more cautious， but have not advised 10.________(cancel) travel to France. [語篇解讀]　這是一篇新聞報道。法國巴黎遭受嚴(yán)重的槍擊爆炸案，已有至少一百四十人遇難。許多中國游客并沒有放棄旅游計劃，為此中國國家旅游局要求各旅游機(jī)構(gòu)讓游客做到安全第一，不去襲擊發(fā)生的區(qū)域及公眾聚集的地方。 1.解析：考查固定搭配。according to為固定的介詞短語，意思是“依據(jù)，根據(jù)”。 答案：to 2.解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)空前面的Most和空后面的with their plans可知要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 答案：groups 3.解析：考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)and前面句子的時態(tài)是一般過去時態(tài)，故and后面的句子也要用一般過去時態(tài)。 答案：returned 4.解析：考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。設(shè)空處的主語為one tour group且此處表示現(xiàn)在的狀況，cancel與主語之間為被動關(guān)系，故用is canceled。 誤解分析：易誤填canceled。誤認(rèn)為cancel是不及物動詞而導(dǎo)致誤填。 答案：is canceled 5.解析：考查介詞。句意：徐龍，一個在巴黎工作的導(dǎo)游，有著十多年的旅游經(jīng)驗。表示“擁有……”通常用介詞with。 答案：with 6.解析：考查冠詞。此處表示泛指，空格后的period為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，peak以輔音音素開頭，故用a。 答案：a 7.解析：考查關(guān)系代詞。此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，且在從句中作主語，其先行詞為人。故用who/that。 答案：who/that 8.解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處要用形容詞作表語。 答案：safe 9.解析：考查不定式。固定結(jié)構(gòu)ask sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”，其中的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 答案：to enhance 10.解析：考查動名詞。advise doing sth.表示“建議做某事”。 誤解分析：易誤填to cancel。通常用advise sb. to do sth.表示“建議某人做某事”，但此處用的是advise doing sth.這個結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案：cancelling