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第一部分　必修3　Unit 5 Ⅰ.完形填空 (2014全國課標(biāo)Ⅱ) Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains.They reached the top __1__， but on their way back conditions were very __2__.Joe fell and broke his leg.They both knew that if Simon __3__ alone, he would probably get back __4__.But Simon decided to risk his __5__ and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(繩)． As they __6__ down, the weather got worse.Then another __7__ occurred.They couldnt see or hear each other and, __8__， Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁)．It was __9__ for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up.Joes __10__ was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice.__11__， after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to __12__.In tears, he cut the rope.Joe __13__ into a huge crevasse(裂縫)in the ice below.He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain.He couldnt walk, but he __14__ to get out of the crevasse and started to __15__ towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers __16__. Simon had __17__ the camp at the foot of the mountain.He thought that Joe must be __18__， but he didnt want to leave __19__.Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joes voice.He couldnt __20__ it.Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive. (　　)1.A．hurriedly B．carefully C．successfully D．early (　　)2.A．difficult　　 B．similar C．special　　　　 D．normal (　　)3.A．climbed　　 B．worked C．rested　　　　 D．continued (　　)4.A．unwillingly B．safely C．slowly　　　　 D．regretfully (　　)5.A．fortune　　 B．time C．health　　 D．life (　　)6.A．lay　　 B．settled C．went　　 D．looked (　　)7.A．damage　　 B．storm C．change　　 D．trouble (　　)8.A．by mistake B．by chance C．by choice　　 D．by luck (　　)9.A．unnecessary B．practical C．important　　 D．impossible (　　)10.A．height　　 B．weight C．strength　　 D．equipment (　　)11.A．Finally　　 B．Patiently C．Surely　　 D．Quickly (　　)12.A．stand back B．take a rest C．make a decision D．hold on (　　)13.A．jumped　　 B．fell C．escaped　　 D．backed (　　)14.A．managed B．planned C．waited　　 D．hoped (　　)15.A．run　　 B．skate C．move　　 D．march (　　)16.A．a(chǎn)round　　 B．a(chǎn)way C．a(chǎn)bove　　 D．a(chǎn)long (　　)17.A．headed for B．traveled to C．left for　　 D．returned to (　　)18.A．dead　　 B．hurt C．weak　　 D．late (　　)19.A．secretly B．tiredly C．immediately D．a(chǎn)nxiously (　　)20.A．find　　 B．believe C．make　　 D．a(chǎn)ccept 【主旨大意】喬辛普森和西蒙耶茨是第一批攀登Siula Grande山峰西麓的人。他們成功登頂，但返程中卻遇到了危險(xiǎn)。經(jīng)歷了種種磨難之后，他們終于奇跡般地在宿營地重逢。 1．【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)“the first people to climb the West Face of Siula Grande”及空后的“but on their way back”和下文中的種種困難，可以推斷此處應(yīng)該是他們成功登頂。hurriedly意為“匆忙地”；carefully意為“小心地”；successfully意為“成功地”；early意為“早早地；提前”。故選C項(xiàng)。 2．【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)下文的“Joe fell and broke his leg.”及第二段中的“the weather got worse”和“They couldnt see or hear each other”等可知，返程的路上困難重重，故選A項(xiàng)difficult，意為“困難的”。similar意為“相似的”；special意為“特殊的”；normal意為“正常的”。 3．【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù)上文可知，喬摔斷了腿；由下文可知，西蒙決定冒生命危險(xiǎn)帶喬一起下山。故此處指西蒙如果自己一個(gè)人繼續(xù)下山，就可能安全返回。climb意為“攀登”；work意為“工作”；rest意為“休息”；continue意為“繼續(xù)”。故選D項(xiàng)。 4．【答案】B 【解析】由于喬摔斷了腿，在路上只能是拖累，因此讓西蒙獨(dú)自下山可能會(huì)安全到達(dá)。unwillingly意為“不情愿地”；safely意為“安全地”；slowly意為“緩慢地”；regretfully意為“后悔地，遺憾地”。故選B項(xiàng)。 5．【答案】D 【解析】西蒙要用繩子系著喬一起下山一定是非常危險(xiǎn)的。risk ones life 意為“冒生命危險(xiǎn)”。故選D項(xiàng)。 6．【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)語境，此處應(yīng)該是指向下山走(went)時(shí)天氣變得更差。故選C項(xiàng)。 7．【答案】D 【解析】因?yàn)樗麄儽舜丝床坏揭猜牪灰姡髅刹恍⌒淖寙痰舻搅饲捅谶吘?。這是他們?cè)诼吠局杏龅降挠忠粋€(gè)麻煩。damage意為“破壞”；storm意為“暴風(fēng)雨”；change意為“改變”；trouble意為“麻煩”。故選D項(xiàng)。 8．【答案】A 【解析】喬掉下峭壁肯定不是西蒙故意造成的，而是疏忽所致。by mistake意為“由于疏忽所致”；by chance意為“意外地，偶然地”；by choice意為“出于選擇”；by luck意為“僥幸地”。故選A項(xiàng)。 9．【答案】D 【解析】下文中提到西蒙決定切斷繩索，由此可知，喬不可能爬上去或者讓西蒙把他拉上去。故選D項(xiàng)impossible，意為“不可能發(fā)生的”。 10．【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)語境，喬掛在峭壁邊緣無法行動(dòng)，是他身體的重量把西蒙漸漸拉向峭壁。故選B項(xiàng)weight。 11．【答案】A 【解析】在寒冷和黑暗中過了無奈的一個(gè)多小時(shí)之后，西蒙才終于下了決心。此處應(yīng)該理解為作了一番掙扎之后下定決心。finally意為“終于”；patiently意為“耐心地”；surely意為“必定”；quickly意為“迅速地”。故選A項(xiàng)。 12．【答案】C 【解析】一個(gè)多小時(shí)的徒勞掙扎終于讓西蒙作出決定，含著眼淚，他割斷了繩索。stand back意為“退后，靠后站”；take a rest意為“休息一下”；make a decision意為“作出決定”；hold on意為“堅(jiān)持”。故選C項(xiàng)。 13．【答案】B 【解析】喬被繩索掛在峭壁邊緣。切斷繩索，喬自然就掉落下去了。故選B項(xiàng)fell。 14．【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)下文可知，喬最終回到了宿營地附近。前句說喬無法走路，but后應(yīng)該表示轉(zhuǎn)折，也就是說，喬成功地從裂縫出來，向宿營地移動(dòng)。故選A項(xiàng)，manage to do sth.意為“設(shè)法做成某事”。 15．【答案】C 【解析】喬的腿摔斷了，不可能跑(run)、滑冰(skate)或行走(march)，只能慢慢移動(dòng)。故選C項(xiàng)move。 16．【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)上下文的意思，應(yīng)該是向距離10公里遠(yuǎn)(away)的宿營地移動(dòng)，故選B項(xiàng)。 17．【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù)語境可知，西蒙一直在往宿營地走，而此刻應(yīng)該是回到了宿營地，故后文才說他不愿意馬上離開。head for意為“朝著……前進(jìn)”；travel to意為“去……旅行”；leave for意為“出發(fā)去……”；return to意為“回到……”。故選D項(xiàng)。 18．【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)上文切斷繩索時(shí)的語境，西蒙認(rèn)為喬一定已經(jīng)死了(dead)。故選A項(xiàng)。 19．【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)下文中的Three days later可以推斷出，西蒙沒有立刻(immediately)離開。故選C項(xiàng)。 20．【答案】B 【解析】西蒙認(rèn)為喬已經(jīng)死了。聽到喬的聲音，看到喬的出現(xiàn)，讓他難以相信(believe)。故選B項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 (2014全國課標(biāo)Ⅱ，B) Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment.“We didnt know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA． But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many, many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day. According to US government reports, emissions (排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices. Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution. Twentyfive years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment.Today, its hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Until we do that, nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson. (　　)1.According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ____. A．the social movement B．recycling techniques C．environmental problems D．the importance of Earth Day (　　)2.Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from? A．The grassroots level. B．The business circle. C．Government officials. D．University professors. (　　)3.What have Americans achieved in environmental protection? A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest. B．They have settled their environmental problems. C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities. D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures. (　　)4.What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph? A．Education. B．Planning. C．Green living. D．CO reduction. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。在第一個(gè)“地球日”之前，人們根本不知道何為環(huán)境，更無從談起環(huán)境保護(hù)這個(gè)問題。但是現(xiàn)在人們變得越來越環(huán)保了，這完全得益于有關(guān)環(huán)境的教育課程。 1．【答案】C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“We didnt know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it… ”可知，安德森認(rèn)為，1970年以前，美國人不知道有關(guān)環(huán)境的問題。故選C項(xiàng)。 2．【答案】A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，許多商人、政治家、大學(xué)教授，特別是數(shù)百萬的基層群眾參與了這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。關(guān)鍵詞especially以及millions of表明這類人是環(huán)境保護(hù)的主要支持者。故選A項(xiàng)。 3．【答案】D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段首句“Great improvement has been achieved.”及下文的描述可知，再循環(huán)工程的數(shù)量大幅增加；電燈、引擎技術(shù)等的進(jìn)步有助于節(jié)省能源從而阻止污染。由此可以推斷，美國人通過采取一系列的有效措施減少了污染。故選D項(xiàng)。 4．【答案】A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，25年前幾乎沒有關(guān)于環(huán)境的教育課程，而現(xiàn)在幾乎每一所學(xué)校都有這樣的課程，結(jié)合最后一句中的“Until we do that, nothing else will change！”可知，在環(huán)保問題上，教育尤其重要。 Ⅲ.語法填空 (2016安徽合肥168中學(xué)高三第二次段考) A British teenager, Danny Bowman aged 19 years old, once1.__________ (spend) 10 hours a day taking selfies (自拍)．Now, he is receiving regular treatment to help him deal with his addiction. His addiction started at age 15 and quickly out of control, leading him to attempt to kill himself due to 2.__________ (anxious) that he couldnt take the perfect selfie.3.__________ his worst, he would cut a class three times an hour to take a selfie, eventually 4.__________ (drop) out of school at age 16, at 5.__________point his health started to fall apart, because he would limit 6.__________to an apple and a bowl of rice a day in a bid to be thinner and improve his skin.He also didnt leave his houses for six months due to being unsatisfied with how he looked.7.__________ (worry), his mother had to seek help, which eventually led to him being treated.He is believed 8.__________ (be) Britains first case. Selfie addiction is a phenomenon that increasing numbers of mental health experts are recognizing, 9.__________ Dannys case is particularly extreme.A doctor said it was a mental health problem, 10.__________which can lead to a serious consequence. 1．【答案】spent 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。在此處，spent是該句的謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)once(曾經(jīng))，用一般過去時(shí)。 2．【答案】anxiety 【解析】考查名詞。句意：由于擔(dān)心自己拍不出完美的自拍，他試圖自殺。 3．【答案】At 【解析】考查短語。at ones worst 意為“在某人最糟糕的時(shí)候”。句意：在他最糟糕的時(shí)候，他一小時(shí)三次逃課，去自拍。最終，在16歲時(shí)輟學(xué)。 4．【答案】dropping 【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。dropping作結(jié)果狀語。 5．【答案】which 【解析】考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：在那時(shí)，他的身體也垮了。 6．【答案】himself 【解析】考查詞組。limit oneself to 對(duì)……作出限制。句意：為了變得更瘦、為了改善皮膚，他限制自己一天只吃一個(gè)蘋果和一碗米飯。 7．【答案】Worried 【解析】考查形容詞作狀語。句意：他的母親很擔(dān)心他，不得不尋求幫助。 8．【答案】to be 【解析】考查詞組。sb.be believed to be…意為“某人被認(rèn)為是……”。 9．【答案】but 【解析】考查連詞。句意：自拍上癮這種現(xiàn)象正得到越來越多的心理專家的認(rèn)可，不過丹尼是一個(gè)極其嚴(yán)重的病例。 10．【答案】one 【解析】考查代詞作同位語。句意：這是一種心理健康問題，一種會(huì)引起嚴(yán)重后果的問題。