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第十講 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣 1．(2016高考全國(guó)甲卷短文改錯(cuò))Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. 2．(2016高考全國(guó)甲卷短文改錯(cuò))We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip. 3．(2016高考北京卷單選，34改編)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week？If you (tell) me，I could have helped. 4．(2016高考天津卷單選，5改編)It was really annoying；I get access to the data bank you had recommended. 5．(2016高考天津卷單選，15改編)I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one，I would (injure)． 6．(2016高考江蘇卷單選，28改編)If it (be) for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now. 7．(2015高考北京卷單選，34改編)If I (see) it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it. 8．(2015高考江蘇卷單選，28改編)It might have saved me some trouble I known the schedule. 9．(2015高考天津卷單選，13改編)I wish I (be) at my sisters wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then. 10．(2015高考安徽卷單選，32改編)It is lucky we booked a room，or we (have) nowhere to stay now. 11．(2015高考陜西卷單選，23改編)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I dance as well as Ellen. 12．(2015高考江蘇卷單選，28改編)It might have saved me some trouble have I known the schedule. 13．(2015高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò))We must found ways to protect the environment.If we fail to do so，well live to regret it. 14．(2015高考福建卷單選，28改編)—Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again. —Oh，its too bad.You (make)full preparations. 15．(2015高考江蘇卷單選，34改編)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around Thomas Edison. 答案：1.刪除can或can改為should　2.chose→choose 3．had told　4.couldnt　5.have been injured　6.hadnt been　7.hadnt seen　8.had　9.had been　10.would have 11．dance→danced　12.第二個(gè)have→had　13.found→find 14．should have made　15.but for 1．熟記虛擬語(yǔ)氣的三種句型公式 (1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況 (2)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況 (3)表示對(duì)將來(lái)情況的主觀推測(cè) 2.表示能力，can與be able to一般可互換，但be able to可用于將來(lái)時(shí)和完成時(shí)等更多時(shí)態(tài)；在表示過(guò)去具體某次能夠成功做成某事時(shí)，只能用was/were able to。 3．表示請(qǐng)求許可，可說(shuō)May/Might/Can/Could I．..？但表示給予許可時(shí)，不能用might/could，即不說(shuō)you might/could。 4．must強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀認(rèn)為“必須”做某事，只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)；而have to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上要求“不得不”做某事，有更多的時(shí)態(tài)變化；mustnt“不準(zhǔn)”，而dont have to＝neednt“不必”。 5．表示“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”，should和ought to可互換，只是ought to的語(yǔ)氣稍重；should強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法，而ought to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀要求。 6．表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，若按語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)弱排列，依次有must，can，could，may，might等。其中，could，might不一定是can，may的過(guò)去式，只是語(yǔ)氣分別比can，may更弱。使用時(shí)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： (1)must只用于肯定句，表示有把握的推測(cè)，可譯作“一定會(huì)，準(zhǔn)會(huì)”。 (2)can一般不用于肯定句，可譯作“可能”；但語(yǔ)氣稍弱的could可用于肯定句；can表示“有時(shí)也會(huì)”時(shí)也可用于肯定句。 (3)may不用于疑問(wèn)句，表示沒(méi)有把握的推測(cè)，常譯作“或許，可能”。 (4)用于否定句：cant，couldnt不可能；may/might not可能不。 Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2016四川涼山州二次診斷)We often hear that children wish they (be) grownups，and that old people wish to be young. 2．(2016江蘇淮安四次調(diào)研)She would be much healthier now she not burdened herself with that much pressure from work when young. 3．—I am sure I saw Brian in the park this morning. —You be imagining things.He left for America last night. 4．On Sundays when I was a child，father and I get up early and go fishing. 5．The old couple each get a very nice present from our manager on their birthdays. 6．Sometimes smiles around the world be false，hiding other feelings like anger，fear or worry. 7．(2016福建畢業(yè)班質(zhì)檢)You have bought the book for me，but thank you all the same. 8．According to the factory safety rules，all accidents be reported to the safety officer. 9．—School is over.How can we contact Robert? —Try phoning him.He be home by now.He lives only a stones throw from the school. 10．(2016江西南昌三中模擬)Jack，look！Everybody is doing homework quietly. you make a noise in class? 11．If Mr.Dewey (be)present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. 12．Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he (do)something instead of just talking. 13．—Our company will organize a trip to Hong Kong next month.I am taking my mother there. —Id rather you (do)．After all she has just recovered from her illness and she still feels weak. 14．The upset mother thought to herself，“If only I (know)whats going on in my little boys head right now.” 15．His ship was delayed because of the heavy fog yesterday；otherwise I (pick)him up on time. 16．(2016陜西西工大附中模擬)—Im going to San Francisco for a couple of days. —I really envy you.How I wish I (get)away for a while. 17．He agreed to our suggestion that we (put)on a play at the English evening. 18．But for the help from the doctor，the little boy (lose)his life. 19．If you had told me in advance，I (meet)him at the airport. 20．The order came that the medical supplies (send)to the earthquakestricken area soon. 答案：1.were　2.had　3.must　4.would　5.shall　6.can 7．neednt　8.shall　9.should　10.Must　11.had been 12．did/should do　13.didnt　14.knew　15.would have picked　16.would/could get　17.(should)put　18.would have lost　19.would have met　20.(should)be sent Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．I used to living in Hunan but now I live in Guangzhou. 2．Youd better to wear rubbers，for its raining outside. 3．I would rather to work than play. 4．I can have lent you the money.Why didnt you ask me? 5．She should able to give us a good answer. 6．Judging from what you say，he ought succeed. 7．How I wish there are 28 hours a day so that I had more time for fun. 8．Had he worked hard years ago，he would become very rich today. 9．If I were a boy again，I will remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once. 10．It might have been done better if you have been more careful. 答案：1.living→live　2.去掉to　3.去掉to　4.can→could 5．should后加be　6.ought后加to　7.are→were　8.become前加have　9.will→would　10.have→had Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 My 14yearold son John and I noticed the coat at the same time in a secondhand clothing store.It 1. (stand)out among the old coats.The price was also unbelievable: $28(171 yuan)．Woolen topcoats were popular with teenage boys，but they could cost several hundred dollars now.He put 2. on and the fit was perfect. John wore the coat to school the next day and came home 3. a big smile.“Did 4. (kid)like your coat？” I asked.“They loved it，” he said. Over the next few weeks，John changed.He was polite and overall much happier.“Good dinner，Mom.” he would say every evening.One day when I suggested that he should start on his homework before dinner，John，5. always put things off，said，“Youre right.I guess I will.” 6. I talked to one of his teachers about these differences，she joked that the coat 7. (change)him. As is 8. (know)to John and me，clothes do not define a person，9. there is something to be 10. (value)for looking good. 1．解析：stood?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。整篇文章敘述過(guò)去的一件事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 2．解析：it?？疾榇~。在這里it代指前面的coat。 3．解析：with。with短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。 4．解析：kids。考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。從后文中的They可判斷此處應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 5．解析：who?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。先行詞為John，在從句中作主語(yǔ)；另外，此處是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，故用who。 6．解析：When?？疾檫B詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 7．解析：must have changed?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。此處是對(duì)過(guò)去的肯定推測(cè)，故用must have done。 8．解析：known?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。as is known to sb.為固定句型，意為“據(jù)某人所知”。 9．解析：but。考查連詞。前后表轉(zhuǎn)折。 10．解析：valuable?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。應(yīng)用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) Nowadays，people in many big cities are complaining the heavy traffic.It has serious influenced peoples daily life and economic development.To solve the problem，some pieces of advice is put forward.Some people suggest that more streets and roads are built.By this way，the traffic density can be reduced，thus speeding up the flow of buses and cars. Some people advised limiting the number of bikes and cars.This can decrease the traffic flow.But on the other hand，this will effect the consumption and make buses more crowded.In my opinions，the number of private cars should be put under the control.And at the same time，buses should have their own special routes where cannot be used by other vehicles. 答案： Nowadays，people in many big cities are complaining∧ the about heavy traffic.It has influenced peoples daily life and economic development.To solve the problem，some pieces of advice put forward.Some people suggest that more streets and roads built. this way，the traffic density can be reduced，thus speeding up the flow of buses and cars.Some people limiting the number of bikes and cars.This can decrease the traffic flow.But on the other hand，this will the consumption and make buses more crowded.In my ，the number of private cars should be put under control.And at the same time，buses should have their own special routes cannot be used by other vehicles. Ⅴ.寫作提升 根據(jù)上下文和括號(hào)中的提示，用正確的虛擬語(yǔ)氣完成語(yǔ)段。 I’m very grateful for your help during my study in America.Without your help，1. (我的英語(yǔ)不會(huì)提高的那么快)．If you were to visit China this summer，2. (我將到機(jī)場(chǎng)接您)．By the way，do you know how everything is going with Mr.Smith？I failed to get in touch with him after I left America.I would be very thankful 3. (要是你能給我提供他的電子郵箱和電話號(hào)碼)．How I wish 4. (我能盡快與他取得聯(lián)系)! 答案：1.my English couldn’t have improved so quickly 2．I would pick you up at the airport 3．if you could offer me his email address or telephone number 4．I could contact with him as soon as possible 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣 [注意]　虛擬條件句與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞——與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)或?qū)?lái)可能的事實(shí)相反，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were)；與將來(lái)可能事實(shí)相反時(shí)還可用were to/should＋動(dòng)詞原形，主句用would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用would/should/could/might have＋過(guò)去分詞。