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語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題（十二）簡(jiǎn)單句,PARTTWO,第二篇語(yǔ)法突破篇,【中考考點(diǎn)】（1）陳述句的概念及其結(jié)構(gòu)變化。（2）疑問(wèn)句的分類(lèi)及其答語(yǔ)。（3）感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)及感嘆引導(dǎo)詞what和how的正確使用。（4）therebe句型的基本用法。（5）連詞成句。,考點(diǎn)一陳述句,陳述句是用于陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)或表達(dá)說(shuō)話(huà)人的看法的句子。陳述句主要分為肯定句和否定句。1.陳述句的肯定句式主要有五種基本句型（1）主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)Englishisveryeasy.英語(yǔ)很容易。Helookstired.他看上去累了。（2）主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞Thestudentsworkveryhard.學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。（3）主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)Shelikestheflowers.她喜歡這些花。Dadboughtacar.父親買(mǎi)了一輛小汽車(chē)。,（4）主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)是人,直接賓語(yǔ)是物）[注意]帶雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞,如果直接賓語(yǔ)置于間接賓語(yǔ)之前,間接賓語(yǔ)前必須加to或for,構(gòu)成“主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)+to/for+間接賓語(yǔ)”句型?！捌呓o”（give,pass,lend,write,show,send,hand）和“一帶”（bring）,在直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí),必須在后面加to;buy,draw,make在直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí),必須在后面加for。Shesentmeapresent.=Shesentapresentme.她給我寄了一份禮物。Myfatherboughtmeabike.=Myfatherboughtabikeme.我爸爸給我買(mǎi)了一輛自行車(chē)。,to,for,【巧學(xué)妙記】帶雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞口訣:“七給”“一帶”“to”不少,“買(mǎi)”“畫(huà)”“制作”“for”來(lái)了。（5）主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Theteacheraskedthestudentstolistencarefullyinclass.老師要求學(xué)生們上課認(rèn)真聽(tīng)講。,2.陳述句的否定句式（1）be動(dòng)詞+not（2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+not+動(dòng)詞原形Ididn’tgetupatsixo’clockthismorning.今天早上六點(diǎn)我沒(méi)有起床。（3）no,never,hardly,seldom,few,little,nobody,neither…nor,none等詞構(gòu)成否定句。Icanhardlybelievehisstory.我?guī)缀醪幌嘈潘墓适?。?）think,believe,suppose等詞的否定前移的用法。Idon’tthinkhewillcometomorrow.我認(rèn)為他明天不會(huì)來(lái)。（5）“too…to…”句型本身具有否定的含義。Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.她太小,還不能去上學(xué)。,考點(diǎn)二疑問(wèn)句,1.一般疑問(wèn)句（1）一般疑問(wèn)句主要有三種結(jié)構(gòu):①Be+主語(yǔ)+其他?②助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?③情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?（2）一般疑問(wèn)句的回答用yes或者no。（3）否定疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)否定疑問(wèn)句通常以“be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+not”的縮寫(xiě)形式開(kāi)頭,表示請(qǐng)求、看法或者驚訝等。其答語(yǔ)形式和漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同?！狝ren’tyouastudent?你不是一名學(xué)生嗎?—/不,我是。/是的,我不是。,Yes,Iam．,No,Iamnot.,2.特殊疑問(wèn)句常見(jiàn)的疑問(wèn)代詞有what,which,who,whom,whose;常見(jiàn)的疑問(wèn)副詞有when,where,why,how。特殊疑問(wèn)句的一般語(yǔ)序?yàn)椤疤厥庖蓡?wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句”。[注意]如果特殊疑問(wèn)詞在特殊疑問(wèn)句中作主語(yǔ),此特殊疑問(wèn)句要用陳述語(yǔ)序。3.選擇疑問(wèn)句選擇疑問(wèn)句有兩種:“一般疑問(wèn)句+備選項(xiàng)”和“特殊疑問(wèn)句+備選項(xiàng)”?！猈ouldyoulikesomejuiceortea?你想要些果汁還是茶?—Neither.都不要。Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?你想要哪樣,茶還是咖啡?,考點(diǎn)三感嘆句,abeautifulfloweritis!它是一朵多么漂亮的花啊!goodnewsitis!多好的消息啊!finetheweatheris!多么好的天氣呀!fastJimruns!吉姆跑得多么快啊!timeflies!時(shí)光飛逝!,What,What,How,How,How,【巧學(xué)妙記】感嘆句,并不難,what,how放句前;名詞詞組跟what,how與形副緊相連。,考點(diǎn)四祈使句,Haveagoodholiday!（祝你）假日愉快!Becarefulwhenyoucrosstheroad.當(dāng)你過(guò)馬路時(shí)要當(dāng)心。Let’shavearest.讓我們休息一下吧。Noparking!禁止停車(chē)!,考點(diǎn)五therebe句型,therebe句型表示“某處有某物”,主語(yǔ)是be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞。be動(dòng)詞必須和后面的主語(yǔ)保持人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的一致。如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)時(shí),be動(dòng)詞遵循“就近一致”原則,即與鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。其常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)為:There+be+主語(yǔ)+地點(diǎn).arivernearourschool.我們學(xué)校附近有一條河。arulerandtwopencilsonthedesk.課桌上有一把尺子和兩支鉛筆。,Thereis,Thereis,,A[2018河北]1.it,outside,hot,is?2.ontime,to,remember,arrive.3.forlunch,we,what,do,have?4.acupof,Lucy,me,tea,brought.5.your,beautiful,are,how,kites!,Isithotoutside,Remembertoarriveontime,Whatdowehaveforlunch,Lucybroughtmeacupoftea,Howbeautifulyourkitesare,,B[2017河北]6.birthday,is,gift,what,your?7.you,us,can,ride,give,a?8.five,inourgroup,there,students,are.9.helps,a,good,you,education,succeed.10.I,takeawalk,think,after,we,supper,should.,Whatisyourbirthdaygift,Canyougiveusaride,Therearefivestudentsinourgroup,Agoodeducationhelpsyousucceed,Ithinkweshouldtakeawalkaftersupper,,C[2016河北改編]11.picture,is,the,new,third.12.it,I,yesterday,drew.13.underthetree,some,thereare,children.14.thatman,among,lookat,them.15.popular,a,is,singer,he.,Thethirdpictureisnew,Idrewityesterday/YesterdayIdrewit,Therearesomechildrenunderthetree,Lookatthatmanamongthem,Heisapopularsinger,,D[2015河北改編]16.I,wenton,yesterday,atrip.17.it,my,was,schooltrip,first.18.we,happily,sang,ontheway.19.interestingactivities,many,therewere.20.what,we,a,wonderful,time,had!,Iwentonatripyesterday/YesterdayIwentonatrip,Itwasmyfirstschooltrip,Wesanghappilyontheway/Onthewaywesanghappily,Thereweremanyinterestingactivities,Whatawonderfultimewehad,,E[2014河北改編]21.night,did,last,rain,it?22.your,what,is,shirt,size?23.gift,him,birthday,gave,a,I.24.flowers,what,are,beautiful,they!25.tennis,a,Nancy,twice,week,play.,Diditrainlastnight,Whatsizeisyourshirt,Igavehimabirthdaygift,Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare,Nancyplaystennistwiceaweek,,F[2013河北]26.do,a,have,you,ruler?27.nice,the,taste,noodles.28.far,the,how,museum,is?29.pens,those,her,pass,black.30.match,a,now,be,TV,football,there,on.,Doyouhavearuler,Thenoodlestastenice,Howfaristhemuseum,Passherthoseblackpens,ThereisafootballmatchonTVnow/NowthereisafootballmatchonTV,