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教學無憂http://jiaoxue5u.taobao.com/專注中小學 教學事業(yè)！ 高考英語一輪單元總復習講義精品薈萃外研版選修八Module 2 知識詳解 ① blame　vt.　責備，指責，把……歸咎于 n．　埋怨，責備，責怪，責任 (回歸課本P25)The outcome of the story is that Perugia got the blame for the crime and went to prison. 故事的結(jié)果是佩魯賈因犯罪受到懲罰而入獄。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①Don’t try to blame it on me！別想賴我！ ②They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan. 他們責怪秘書延誤了計劃。 ③The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident. 那起交通事故不應該怪司機。 ④Who is to blame for the mistake？對這個過錯誰應負責？ ⑤The company is ready to take the blame for what has happened.公司準備對已發(fā)生的事情承擔責任。 【即境活用】 1．I feel it is your husband who ________ for the spoiled child. A．is to blame　　　B．is going to blame C．is to be blamed D．should blame 解析：選A。本題考查固定短語be to blame “該受責備，應負責任”。 2．完成句子 It’s you who ________________ for the delay of work. 工作耽誤了，是你該受到責備。 答案：are to blame ②appeal　v．　呼吁，懇請，求助；吸引；喚起 n．　呼吁，懇請；吸引力；上訴 (回歸課本P25)We’re appealing to anyone who saw the suspect to contact us. 我們呼吁無論是誰看到了嫌疑犯，請與我們聯(lián)系。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①(朗文P80)The magazine is intended to appeal to working women in their 20s or 30s. 這本雜志旨在吸引20幾歲到30幾歲的職業(yè)女性讀者。 ②The government is appealing to everyone to save water. 政府呼吁每個人節(jié)約用水。 ③They’re appealing to local businesses for sponsorship money. 他們正請求當?shù)毓咎峁┵澲Y金。 ④He made one last appeal to his father to forgive him. 他最后一次懇求父親寬恕他。 【即境活用】 3．(南京三模)The idea of traveling abroad really ________ a lot of Chinese people.That’s why every year witnesses more people applying for passports. A．takes to　　　 B．caters to C．a(chǎn)ttends to D．a(chǎn)ppeals to 解析：選D。本題考查動詞短語。句意為“出國旅游的想法吸引了很多中國人。那就是為什么每年都有很多人申請護照?！盿ppeal to sb.“對某人有吸引力”。 4.We said we’d give her another chance，and we must ________ our promise. A．a(chǎn)ppeal to B．stick to C．lead to D．owe to 解析：選B?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。句意為：我們說過我們將再給她一次機會，我們必須信守諾言。appeal to吸引，呼吁；lead to導致；owe to因為，由于；歸功于；stick to信守，堅持符合句意。 ③suspect　vt.& vi.　猜想；覺得；懷疑，不信任 n．　嫌疑犯，可疑對象 (回歸課本P25)We’re appealing to anyone who saw the suspect to contact us. 我們呼吁無論是誰看到了嫌疑犯，請與我們聯(lián)系。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①They all suspected the man with a moustache to be a robber. 他們都猜測留著胡子的那個人是搶劫犯。 ②I began to suspect that they were trying to get rid of me. 我開始覺察出，他們試圖擺脫我。 ③(牛津P2037)The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths.人們懷疑這種藥物造成200人死亡。 【即境活用】 5．The man ________ of shooting six school children was caught by Beijing police，the Xinhua News Agency reported on Friday. A．being suspected　　B．suspecting C．suspected D．to be suspected 解析：選C。suspected of... 為過去分詞短語作定語，修飾the man。A、D兩項從時間角度考慮不合適。 6.Nobody wants to make friends with the boy ________ money. A．suspected of having stolen B．suspected to steal C．suspected having stolen D．suspecting to have stolen 解析：選A。句意為“懷疑某人做某事”的結(jié)構(gòu)是suspect sb.of doing sth.因此答案為A，這里用過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾boy。 ④seek　v．(sought；sought)　尋求，尋找；追求；探求，探索； (正式)試圖 (回歸課本P25)We’re seeking a gang of criminals. 我們正在尋找一伙罪犯。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①The student often seeks advice from the teacher on his study. 這個學生經(jīng)常向老師尋求學習建議。 ②It is noble to seek for knowledge. 尋求知識是高尚的。 ③Young people long to seek their fortune in the world. 年輕人渴望闖天下。 ④(朗文P1845)Local shools are seeking to reduce the dropout rate.地方學校在尋求降低輟學率。 【即境活用】 7．In the early 1920s，thousands of people went to Australia to ________ their fortune. A．seek　　　　　　 B．take C．develop D．undertake 解析：選A。句意：20世紀20年代初期，成千上萬的人到澳大利亞尋找發(fā)財機會。seek one’s fortune 外出尋找發(fā)財機會是固定搭配。 ⑤leave sth./sb.behind　把……拋/落在后面，遺留，超過 (回歸課本P25)The burglar left the antique frame and the glass behind. 盜賊只留下了古董架和玻璃框。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①He was left far behind from the start of the race. 比賽一開始他就被遠遠地拋在后面。 ②Oh，dear！The bag has been left behind. 啊呀！把包給落下了。 ③I’ve told you to leave my things alone. 我已經(jīng)告訴過你不可動我的東西。 ④This word is wrongly spelt；you’ve left out a letter. 這單詞拼錯了，你漏了一個字母。 ⑤Did you leave the doors and windows properly fastened? 你把門窗關(guān)好了嗎？ ⑥They’ll leave for Australia tomorrow morning. 他們明天早上將動身去澳大利亞。 【即境活用】 8．He won’t help us even if we are good friends; ________ we treated him badly before. A．let alone　　　　　B．leave alone C．leave out D．leave behind 解析：選A。考查固定詞組的用法。A項“更不必說”；B項“不管， 不理會”；C項“遺漏，省略”；D項“遺留，留下”。由題意知A項正確。 ⑥ take up　占有(時間/空間)；繼續(xù)；開始；接受；拿起 (回歸課本P27)Without inexpensive printing to make books available to a large section of society，the son of John Shakespeare，a government official in rural England in the mid－1500s，may never have been inspired to take up writing as a profession. 假如沒有低廉的印刷技術(shù)使得廣大社會階層有書可讀，16世紀中期英格蘭鄉(xiāng)村的政府官員——約翰·莎士比亞的兒子也許根本不可能受到鼓舞而將寫作作為職業(yè)。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①I’ll try not to take up too much of your time. 我會盡量不占用你太多時間。 ②He had studied Japanese for a year and a half before he took up English.他開始學習英語之前已經(jīng)學一年半日語了。 ③(牛津P2060)I’d like to take up the point you raised earlier. 我想繼續(xù)談一談你早些時候提出的問題。 ④Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without being late? 一周不遲到，你能接受這一挑戰(zhàn)嗎？ 【即境活用】 9．(湖北華師大一附中)She was ________ whether to follow her husband to go abroad or to stay at home to look after her parents. A．taken away　　　　B．taken up C．taken off D．taken between 解析：選D。本題考查動詞短語。take between表示“在……和……之間進行協(xié)調(diào)選擇”。本句中的whether...or說明這種選擇。take away“拿走”；take up“從事”；take off“起飛；脫下”。 10.My study of biology has ________ much of my spare time，but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment. A．taken in B．taken down C．taken up D．taken away 解析：選C。take in欺騙；take down寫下，拆下；take up占去；take away取走。C項符合題意：“學習生物占去了我大量的業(yè)余時間……” ⑦depend on　依靠，依賴，取決于 (回歸課本P22)Unlike other places in Europe，where house owners were taxed on the size of their windows，here the taxes depended on the width of the house... 在歐洲其他地方，房屋主人要根據(jù)窗戶的尺寸納稅；此處卻不同，這里的稅金是根據(jù)房屋的寬度而定…… 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①Whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work. 你能否通過考試取決于你有多努力。 ②Children depend on their parents for living. 兒童依靠父母生活。 ③You may depend on me to help you. 你放心，我會幫助你的。 ④You may depend on it that they will support you. 你相信好了，他們會支持你的。 【即境活用】 11．How much is produced ________ how hard we work. A．depending on　　 B．depends on C．independent D．dependent on 解析：選B。How much is produced是主語從句，在此作主語，所以空格處應填謂語動詞，故B項正確。 12.Don’t worry，we can depend on ________ she will help us with our business. A．that B．/ C．it that D．what 解析：選C。句意是：不要擔心，我們相信她會來幫助我們搞生意的。depend on it that... 是習慣句式，意為“相信某人做某事”。 句型梳理 ①【教材原句】　Without the development of the printing press，the Renaissance may never have happened.(P27) 假如沒有印刷術(shù)的發(fā)展，也許根本不會出現(xiàn)文藝復興。 【句法分析】　這是一個虛擬語氣的句型，用介詞without來代替條件狀語從句，常用的介詞有with，without，but for等。 ①What would you do with a million dollars？(＝if you have a million dollars) 假如你有100萬美元你會怎樣？ ②We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(＝if we hadn’t got your help) 假如沒有你的幫助我們不會提前完成工作。 ③But for the rain(＝If it hadn’t been for the rain)，we would have finished the work. 要不是下雨我們就已經(jīng)完成工作了。 【即境活用】 13．(山西太原測評)—But for your timely warning，we ________ into great trouble. —Well，you know we’re friends. A．would get　　　　　B．must have got C．would have got D．can’t have got 解析：選C。前句句意“多虧了你及時提醒，否則我們就會惹大麻煩了。”從語境分析，“提醒”已經(jīng)在過去發(fā)生了，因此，后面表示的是和過去事實相反的虛擬語氣。 14.Without electricity，human life ________ quite difficult today. A．is B．will be C．would have been D．would be 解析：選D。句意為“沒有電，人們的生命就會完全不同。”從語境分析，這里說的是和現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設。 ②【教材原句】　It is believed to be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting that amazed people when it was first used.(P16) 據(jù)稱《蒙娜·麗莎》是一種新的繪畫風格——印象派風格的典范，這種繪畫風格一經(jīng)使用就使人們驚嘆不已。 【句法分析】　(1)主句的主語是it，it代指上文中的the Mona Lisa，is believed是謂語，to be best example of a new life－like style of painting是主語補足語，that amazed people是定語從句，when it was first used是狀語從句。 (2)主句屬于“sth./sb.is believed to do/to be...”句型，該句型可改寫成“It is believed that...”(其中it是形式主語，句子真正的主語是that引導的從句)或“People believe that...”的形式。如： ①He is believed to be fit for the position. ＝It is believed that he is fit for the position. ＝People believe that he is fit for the position. 據(jù)稱他是這個職位的合適人選。 相似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有： It is thought that... 大家認為…… It is said that...據(jù)說…… It is hoped that... 人們希望…… It is reported that... 據(jù)報道…… It is well－known that... 眾所周知…… It is generally considered that... 大家認為…… It is supposed that... 據(jù)推測…… ②John is said to be one of the best teachers in the school. ＝It is said that John is one of the best teachers in the school. 據(jù)說約翰是這個學校最好的老師之一。 ③He is said to have written a new book about workers. ＝It is said that he has written a new book about workers. 據(jù)說他寫了一本有關(guān)工人的新書。 【即境活用】 15．完成句子 (1)He is said ________________(學習) abroad, but I don’t know which country he studied in.(study) 答案：to have study (2)________________(規(guī)定) in the school rules that all the students should wear school uniform every Monday morning.(require) 答案：It is required 16．(寶雞模擬)The Foreign Minister said，“________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” A．This is　　　　 B．There is C．It is D．That is 解析：選C。句意：外交部長說：“我們希望雙方會共謀和平?！眎t作形式主語，真正的主語是后面的that從句。 客服唯一聯(lián)系qq 1119139686 歡迎跟我們聯(lián)系