【機械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對照文獻翻譯】LED的發(fā)展前景和現(xiàn)狀【word英文3496字7頁word中文翻譯4991字4頁】,機械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對照文獻翻譯,word英文3496字7頁,word中文翻譯4991字4頁,機械類,畢業(yè)論文,中英文,對照,對比,比照,文獻,翻譯,led,發(fā)展前景,以及,現(xiàn)狀,word,英文,中文翻譯 英文原文 The foreground of development and status of LED LED doomed it‘s huge market will develop into a huge industry. Overall, the domestic industry in terms of size has been unsatisfactory, the typical case is the integrated circuit industry and the LCD panel industry, the domestic IC industry is now tail between its people, LCD panel industry is riddled with illness, technology complex, large investment and a weak infrastructure is the main reason, while the LED industry will break the curse, and can bring about the upgrading of industries, such as the domestic industry in LCD driver chips simply do not drive, because the LCD panel industry out of the country, support because of huge market, LED Driver IC is expected to flourish in the country to promote domestic enterprises bigger and stronger, which in turn will promote the domestic LCD driver chip or other chip-driven development. China's LED industry is currently a disadvantage lies in the fact that a LED products of domestic enterprises and overseas technical level there is a certain gap in the pursuit of high-end customers at a disadvantage; Second, the domestic IC manufacturing base compared to Japan, Korea and Taiwan, these strong LED weak areas, chip manufacturing capacity, technological level and poor external support of some materials, the learning curve longer will take some time to cultivate; Third, the size of the domestic LED business is still relatively small, most of them did not exceed 100kk / monthly energy (blue green), this state of affairs in the next two years will be improved; four, domestic R & D concentrated in universities and research institutes, production in the enterprises, the lack of R & D results of the rapid industrialization of the conversion mechanism, which should be learn from Taiwan's Industrial Technology Research Institute of the technical achievements the licensing mechanism to speed up the conversion rate of technological achievements and scientific research institutes can not be for their own industry rather than the outcome of the latest technology and timely transfer to industry, the Government should regulate the development of relevant policy-related behavior; five domestic lack of core patents, in particular related to the industry in the long-term development of the Blu-ray core patents and patent lack of white light, which will enable long-term development of domestic industries to function. At this stage, China's local enterprises, mainly in the initial stage, smaller companies, the owner of the manufacturers do not pose a threat to the patent, the patent problem is not prominent. However, with the development and expansion of domestic enterprises, once the scale to a certain extent, the "going out" development strategy, will become a potential patent issues. At present, the domestic enterprises to grow bigger, to improve product quality and technical level of the most important task is to improve the future licensing companies asking price at the time, or to gradually break through the core of R & D patents. We believe that the LED industry in China has good prospects for development, based on the following points: First, in terms of the technology, LED technology has the bottleneck of high growth, low-threshold characteristics of the study, the domestic long-term accumulation in the semiconductor field of research resources can be useful with a good basis for further study. Although the manufacturing of integrated circuits based on weak, relatively low technological level, but some domestic enterprises to join overseas technical personnel, continue to make breakthroughs in technology, technological level of domestic enterprises with good companies with the technological level of Taiwan or less the same as with international companies as a whole has been narrowing the gap; Second, LED invested relatively small initial investment will be 100 million plant, the domestic enterprises to enter the threshold of the low, easy to achieve a rolling development and manufacture of integrated circuits and liquid crystal panel manufacturers easily to tens of billions of billions of yuan in investment it is "insignificant" easier access to the domestic enterprises to form industrial clusters, of course, may also lead to vicious competition and to a certain stage of development of market integration; Third, the domestic market great, LED market is the next major general lighting market, the market capacity, end-consumer market, scattered and difficult to form a monopoly, a vast living space of domestic enterprises; Fourth, some companies have a core of intellectual property rights, such as crystalline silicon photovoltaic substrate can GaN-ray projects, Dalian Road, the area of the United States and the core of the chip technology, has global competitiveness of these enterprises on technology development in the demonstration effect easy to form and promote the healthy growth of the domestic business market; five, after maturity of the technology, LED downstream packaging and devices are labor-intensive production, the development of the mainland with the labor cost advantage. The development process from the LED industry, the global sales of LED according to the market is currently the largest mobile phone backlight market, with mobile phone sales growth slowing down, as well as the OLED screen on the mobile phone TFT-LCD screen to enhance the penetration of the global growth rate of the LED . Technological progress as a result of cost reduction in the current (and even pre-2010) is not enough to allow full access to general use LED lighting market, global growth will be the next notebook, LCD TV backlighting, and automotive markets with the car interior lamp backlight market. As the world's top five LCD panel (LG Philips, Samsung, AUO, CMO and Sharp) in a high level of LED technology, large production capacity in Japan, Taiwan and South Korea, domestic only BOE, polish electricity and the Five Dragon PV panels of three lines, the 4.5-generation Shanghai Tianma production line will be able to after the demand for LED backlighting, but the overall demand is not dominant, the domestic enterprises to enter the LCD panel backlight LED supply chain proceeds should not be too large backlit panel with mobile phone market is quite similar. Application of the Chinese market at this stage mainly in the architectural lighting, indoor and outdoor display, based on the above reasons, the main force of the next wave may be present in these markets, but in mobile phones, small size LCD backlight, automobile penetration will increase, and some scattered markets such as special lighting will open up even more (the cost of special lighting requirements for general lighting is not so harsh). After the replacement of a few years ago, LED traffic lights is very popular, as the LED's life is longer, the short term it is very difficult to replace in the event of large-scale work, which makes the LED traffic lights for a period of low demand period ; a large domestic sedan market, but higher, certification cycle length, as long as there is excellent product quality, domestic motor vehicle lights LED backlighting and a very large market demand and growth in demand in this market is relatively stable; and LED display it’s easy to assemble, low power consumption, high brightness, etc. has been widely applied to the banking, securities, squares, railway stations, sports venues, the future of this market there is still great potential for growth; in the Olympic Games, World Expo, a number of city night demonstration effect of the project, led by National Semiconductor Lighting Project, as well as the many favorable factors, such as the promotion of, the architectural lighting market is still a broad prospect. Generally speaking, a number of large international companies focused on high-end, more concentrated target market's "ready" market, as well as general lighting of the huge potential market, and some of the products will be relatively low technical requirements that the future control of the decentralized nature of the market so weak out of hand because of its large number of patents, do not worry about the future was out of the market at this stage not to pursue production capacity (per month to Nichia 500kk, Toyoda Gosei and Cree were 350kk and 300kk), and focus on technology to lead the market trend, When the technology is mature enough to be the size of the market into the general lighting, it is estimated that its production capacity will be rapidly and at the same time to reduce external licensing. This "center - periphery" of the competition is expected to maintain a long period of time. At present, the major manufacturers in the Mainland market, if the fear of chip exports will encounter two challenges: First, large international companies in patent litigation (mainly blue and white), in fact, as long as a certain size, regardless of the export and whether the patent will encounter challenges, but the export of patent litigation is more likely that a number of; Second, the competitiveness of other external vendors, especially manufacturers in Taiwan, Taiwan's traditional manufacturers followed their strategy - and technology to track the international companies, at the same time strongly improve productivity, reduce costs and production capacity in Taiwan the world's first chip, there are a number of other industries such as the giant Hon Hai, the Mau, the total being good to enter this area, can influence the future of Taiwan LED chip global market price fluctuations . Given the huge domestic market demand, domestic chip plants, even if it can rely on the domestic market of the development of an adequate, if the photovoltaic companies overseas unlimited access to domestic markets, domestic companies will face continued competitive pressures, which in the long-term domestic enterprises is a very negative statement. LED industry is growing at this stage, but also the layout of the LED makers a view of domestic, foreign investment in the Mainland to enjoy tax incentives, domestic enterprises to compete in an unequal position to enter the domestic market to foreign investors should be encouraged to set up factories in China to engage in outreach, chip core technology, such as enterprises, these enterprises can promote personnel training and raising the overall skill level; should be limited to those packages in the country, epitaxial, chip, such as part of the core technology for the occupation in the foreign market from the enterprise, Once such a business card in all core areas, and local enterprises do not enjoy the benefits of technological progress, development and limited space, I am afraid they will scramble to rely on price war, not so hard to curry favor with their own thing, so deal with only part of the current package in China to limit foreign investment, such as import tariffs levied on the chip. From the patent litigation is concerned, it’s not terrible, as long as our main competitors, have to pay, we still compete in the same starting line, Taiwan's major involving the blue and white LED chip factory in the growth process have experienced litigation LED , reached a settlement in the proceedings to obtain patents, continue to grow. The best response is to do at this stage a large-scale, access to patents, while at the same time strengthen its own R & D to improve the patent litigation in the bargaining power for cross-licensing. Domestic enterprises in terms of size, Xiamen San'an may usher in the growth of the first "baptism." The future industrial competitiveness will depend on two aspects, firstly, technology, including to improve light-emitting efficiency and lower the cost of technology to improve power device technology, the direction of the road there is an extension of existing technology, but also possible routes of new technologies; also including access to high-quality technology products, as well as external systems such as lighting design and technology-driven chip design; Second, the scale, on the one hand, due to large scale to reduce costs, the market strong bargaining power; On the other hand, compounds with IC wafer manufacture of silicon used is very different, even if an extension on the same production out of the chip performance may be quite different, which require relatively high consistency of application areas (such as a typical LCD backlight), the extension of an There is only a part of to meet the requirements, but large-scale enterprises, the number of levels of market structure, can be inconsistent with the requirements of a particular market deployment of chip products to another market, the company's total output to increase the efficiency of the full. LED industry a bright future, but only in the above-mentioned two aspects of the industry's leading enterprise is the future king. Conclusion: Company commented, domestic enterprises should be concerned about what? In the whole LED industry chain and enterprises concerned? From the overall development process, the five companies most investment value. A class of intellectual property rights is a core business. Room for the development of such enterprises in the most broad-based domestic to Nanchang University established a joint private equity fund is the crystal can be a typical representative of photoelectric, photoelectric crystal can be made of silicon-based GaN epitaxial Blu-ray technology to the world's top three blue Light one process technology to break through foreign patents Nichia and Cree blockade, the company is set up near the current level of the industry need to be inspected; another Luming for Dalian, the company through the acquisition of American LED chip manufacturers to make chips AXT technology increases, access to more than 40 patented core technologies, as well as the technical team. In addition, Dalian Luming engaged in rare earth since the original light-emitting material, white in the synthesis of fluorescent powder used in the production of an edge, is one of the world production of only a few can produce light-emitting light-emitting materials can chip business. Moreover, the possibility of R & D Luming new rare-earth fluorescent powder, breakthrough Nichia, Osram white light technology, such as patents, for the domestic industry into the general LED lighting breakthrough in the last barriers! White LED lighting as long as the two major "stumbling block" - Blu-ray patent and white patent to make a breakthrough, the domestic LED industry a bright future ahead for the rest of the domestic industry is to test the ability of the industry. Other enterprises to do business in the chip industry more successful.To carry out the actual chip design and processing of green extension, has a certain scale, and are mainly concentrated in the Xiamen sun, Dalian Road, the United States of America (Luming subsidiary), several companies at present production scale and LED Ray only shaman Xiamen. Xiamen, Taiwan - MOCVD12 shaman, red chips 1000KK per month, blue chip 200kk/, technology is the leading domestic level, full-color super high brightness LED chip production capacity, the sales income of nearly 3000000 yuan, in 2006 the market.Moreover, Taiwan's optoelectronics and informed Epistar to set up factories in Xiamen, the local formation of industrial clusters to enhance the capacity of industry and technical personnel supporting the flow of the importance of the development of the three also have an important role in promoting. The development of domestic-scale integrated circuits is a major feature of the area of local enterprise development package is better in the field of design and manufacture, it is estimated that in the field of LED packaging companies will also be a good development opportunities, or even faster than the upper and middle reaches of epitaxial chip business development, because the package can be purchased foreign chip companies to meet domestic market demand, while domestic enterprises will follow the road map chip technology progress. LED automatic die bonder is full automatic die bonder based on visual inspection, image processing, pattern recognition, photoelectric detection, control theory, electromechanical integration, subject content and technology, its performance directly affects the production of LED qualified rate performance, production efficiency and product. Chip pickup mechanism is an important part of LED production process of packaging equipment, complete detection, is the LED wafer bonder picking and working equipment. In the semiconductor manufacturing technology field, LED has a unique representation. The process which belong to the LED package technology, solid crystal process of LED (also known as the sticking process) plays a very important role in the packaging process. Packaging is the connecting link of LED industry and market, is the key to ensure the high quality products to enter the market application. Compared with the previous process, package largely depends on the production of packaging equipment ,special equipment level directly affects the LED quality, yield and comprehensive performance With the development of China's LED industry, LED products continues to progress, the market continues to expand, people concerned about the LED production process technology, more and more attention to the development and improvement of the LED key equipment. LED Die Bonder as one of the LED key equipment are also constantly upgrading. At present, before the process equipment in the blank, foreign 0.25-micron process equipment imposition of an embargo on China, after the process of key equipment mostly dependent on imports, and the price is expensive. Backwardness of the domestic LED production equipment has seriously hampered the development of China's semiconductor industry. LED industry with other industries the difference is that LED technology continues to improve, and prices are getting lower and lower. This requirement is necessary to have equipment capable of producing high quality LED products, but also reduce the investment in equipment to reduce costs. This provides a golden opportunity for development to the domestic LED production equipment. LED strong market demand to stimulate the continuous development of the manufacturing process, but also brought a strong impetus to the development of the packaging equipment. The maker of LED, current situation of domestic LED packaging technology is not uniform. Most corporations, fully automated equipment, the higher the level of packaging, produce more. However, due to the market demand for the vertical LED, LED production，there are still a large number of individual owners using the Hand Workshop processing low-end LED products. Although some packaging companies with a certain strength of advanced automatic production equipment, LED packaging capacity is strong, high the package LED product quality, consistency and reliability, is the main force of the domestic packaging companies. LED Die Bonder development level of China's independent intellectual property rights and imported machine has a big gap, so these companies almost all foreign imported equipment, so the investment in equipment, limit the expansion of production scale. Over the past few years, the Chinese government, enterprises, universities work together to invest heavily in research and development of domestic equipment, and have had some success. But overall, China's LED packaging equipment manufacturing and the entire line of matching capacity with foreign big gap between a large number of key equipment, especially high-end automation equipment (such as Chip Die the lead welding machine, testing machine, taping machine, etc.) still imports. Now most of the equipment used by the domestic manufacturers are from abroad, LED solid crystal technology and equipment is a