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黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
摘 要
汽車在行駛的過程中，需要按照駕駛員的意志經(jīng)常改變其行駛方向，即所謂的汽車轉(zhuǎn)向。汽車的轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)是一套用來改變或恢復(fù)汽車行駛方向的專用機(jī)構(gòu)，本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容即是輕型貨車的轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。
本文針對(duì)的是與非獨(dú)立懸架相匹配的整體式兩輪轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)。利用相關(guān)汽車設(shè)計(jì)和連桿機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)的知識(shí)，首先對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)向器，轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行選擇，接著再對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)向器和轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，最后，利用軟件AUTOCAD完成轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)圖紙。
轉(zhuǎn)向器在設(shè)計(jì)中選用的是循環(huán)球式齒條齒扇轉(zhuǎn)向器，在對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)向器的設(shè)計(jì)中，包括了螺桿—鋼球—螺母?jìng)鲃?dòng)副的設(shè)計(jì)和齒條—齒扇傳動(dòng)副的設(shè)計(jì)，前者是基于參照同類汽車，確定出鋼球中心距，設(shè)計(jì)出一系列的尺寸，而后者則是根據(jù)汽車前軸的載荷來確定出齒扇模數(shù)，再由此設(shè)計(jì)出所有參數(shù)的。
轉(zhuǎn)向梯形的設(shè)計(jì)選用的是整體式轉(zhuǎn)向梯形，本文在設(shè)計(jì)中借鑒同類汽車轉(zhuǎn)向梯形設(shè)計(jì)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)尺寸對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)向梯形進(jìn)行尺寸初選。再通過對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)向內(nèi)輪實(shí)際達(dá)到的最大偏轉(zhuǎn)角時(shí)與轉(zhuǎn)向外輪理想最大偏轉(zhuǎn)角度的差值的檢驗(yàn)，和作為一個(gè)四桿機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)其最小傳動(dòng)角的檢驗(yàn)，來判定轉(zhuǎn)向梯形的設(shè)計(jì)是否符合基本要求。
本文在消化，吸收，總結(jié)，歸納前人的成果上，系統(tǒng)、全面地對(duì)機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)向系進(jìn)行理論分析，設(shè)計(jì)及優(yōu)化。為輕型汽車轉(zhuǎn)向系的設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)提供了一種步驟簡(jiǎn)單的設(shè)計(jì)方法。
關(guān)鍵詞：轉(zhuǎn)向系；轉(zhuǎn)向器；轉(zhuǎn)向梯形；傳動(dòng)副；結(jié)構(gòu)元件
ABSTRACT
In a moving vehicle, the driver will need to frequently change its traveling direction, the so-called steering. Vehicle steering system is used to change or restore a car in the direction of a dedicated agency, the contents of this paper is the study of light vehicle steering system design.
This article is aimed at non-independent suspension and would like to match the overall style of the two steering. The use of the relevant vehicle design and kinematic linkage of knowledge, first of all, the steering gear, steering transmission choice, and then to the steering gear and steering transmission (mainly trapezoidal steering ) design, and finally, the use of AUTOCAD software and the Steering system to complete the design drawings.
Steering the ball of choice is the cycle of fan-type steering gear rack teeth, in the design of steering gear, including a screw - Ball - Vice-nut drive the design and rack - fan drive gear pair design, the former is based on the reference to similar vehicles, to determine the center distance of the ball, the design of a series of size, while the latter is based on the vehicle front axle load to determine the fan module out of gear, and then all of the resulting design parameters.
Steering linkage design is a whole selection of steering trapezoid, the paper design is used in car steering linkage from a similar experience in the design of the size of the steering linkage to the primary size. Through to the actual steering wheel in the maximum deflection angle with the steering wheel in the most ideal test of the difference of deflection angle, and four institutions, as a minimum transmission angle of its examination, to determine whether the design of steering trapezoid in line with the basic requirements.
In this paper, digestion, absorption, and summing up, summing up the results of their predecessors, the systematic, comprehensive mechanical steering system to carry out theoretical analysis, design and optimization. For the light vehicle steering system design and development provides a simple design method steps.
key words：Steering system；Steering gear；Steering trapezium；Transmission vice；Structural components
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