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英文原文
Constructure and Technology of Machine Tools
Size, Bed and Tailstock of Engine lathe
SIZE
Lathe size is determined by swing and length, of the bed. The swing is twice the distance from the live center point of the spindle to the top of the bed, or the largest diameter that can be turned over the ways of a lathe. For example, a 10-in, lathe will ruin a 10-in,-diameter workpiece over the ways, but not over the car-riage cross-feed slide. Sometimes two numbers are used to indicate swing.
The length of the bed includes the part the headstock rests on. It determines also the distance between centers. A typical size might be a 3-foot bed with a dis-tance of 23 in. between centers. Lathe beds are offered in many different lengths for each available swing size.
A lathe should have a swing capacity and distance between centers that is at least 10 percent greater than needed to do any job that may be required. Standard lathes come in a variety of designs and styles and may have a swing ranging from about 9 to 53 in. They are generally classified as small, medium swing, and heavy duty.
Bed body
The bed body is the base of lather, is 1.It is "spine" of lather, can use to install or prop up all of other parts.Be located on a bed body coping of is to lead a track.General more expensive lather from V type peace lead a track to combine, but more the lather of cheapness be only even to lead a track.Lead the structure of track to be different with the manufacturing.Some manufactory adoption demand can replace of the Cui fire steel lead a track, but other some manufactory adoption and bed body the flames Cui fire of the integral whole lead a track.
Lead how the accuracy of track is the function of decision lather.Lead the track have to be accurate but nicety, in order to make principal axis box, tail and the bed saddle always accurate fixed position.
Direct Be located on under the bed body pioneer track of is 1.1 match with this Nie and make to can move bed saddle while turning to begin a round.
Tail
The tail can follow a bed body to lead a track to move and reign to place top to clip tight.It constitute to°from two Zhu piece namely main parts.The lower part piece is direct to depend in leading a track, upper part piece depend on the lower part piece, regulate bolt two parts connect together.The upper part piece can in front and back turn to move to carry on by adjusting a tail an awl degree a car to pare, or re- adjust a tail center to carry on straight line the car pare.While turning to move a tail a hand round, tail set tube namely slippery body can in the upper part piece outside move.Tail set the tube have 1 and can pack top or other knife(like auger and Jiao knife) of awl bore.Only set with tail the tube have homology the knife of the awl degree then can pack in the set the tube bore.Want to unload a knife inside tube from the set.as long as fall back a hand round can make a set of tube send back inside upper part piece.Can move a set the Luo pole of the tube to carry loose open an awl handle, so can unload knife.
Have to caution avoid an usage unwell go together with of awl body.If appear an awl body unwell go together with, can't usage hand round Luo pole to unload a knife.Want since not the damage heart stalk again can unload knife, can usage underneath two kinds of one of the methods:
(1)Tail set the body with namely slippery tube turn one short distance and open three claw card the card dish of the dish claw, forward glide tail the awl body which make to block clip tight in the card dish the claw, tight the solid tail clip tight plank, fall back the hand round can unload knife inside tube from the set.
(2)The spare parts blocked in the tail the set the tube carry a department to add the cartful bed card claw, use one small hammer light Kou this card claw, can unload a knife.
The beard match heart while falling back a tail a hand round.If back a Luo pole bitter end with the very big dint for the meeting Ya to live, so will make inner part the thread transform even damage.General can't move a hand round by hand and forward when the Luo pole block.Occurrence this kind of circumstance, prevent°from further damage of had better way is in hand round top put a big live a wrench, forward move hand round.Will never the ability use the hand handle that the hammer son knock a hand round.
The principal axis box of common lather
Principal axis box the module be tight solid left carry in the lather.It is constitute by the principal axis box principal axis, Be made the principal axis revolve by the wheel gear or the wheel gear set and the leather belt round.The principal axis have can pack to clip and turn to begin to work a piece of enclosure.The principal axis have many turn soon.Principal axis box from 3-5 accept.Because lather top process of work piece the accuracy be decided by accuracy of clip the principal axis axis of revolution of hold the work piece, past have to very carefully manufacturing and install principal axis and it all enclosure.
The principal axis contain a bore and the head of this bore be one awl bore, can use to install knife of take the awl handle.Install a principal axis box to live top, with 1 go together with into the principal axis awl inside bore.The principal axis box is top and can revolve with the work piece. past call to live top.It is a the awl metals which take point piece.The work piece can use to accept a work piece when the work piece revolve and all lather be top all for 60 degrees Cape.
Install an enclosure on the principal axis, often usage three kinds of in general use principal axis head:
1.Thread principal axis head
The thread principal axis is most in common use on the lather head.Arrive the enclosure Ning for install a principal axis up, until with the principal axis method orchid dish close match each other.Thread principal axis' main weakness of the head is to can't carry on anti- pare toward the car, anti- because of some enclosure(for example card dish) to hour would loose open.
2.cam lock tight principal axis head
The cam lock tight principal axis head contain a very short awl body, it can go together with into flower dish or card dish back of inside awl slot.From the flower dish or the card dish back stretch out many cam lock tight minor axis, these minor axises can go together with into the bore of principal axis head inside.Turning to move these cams can be tight their lock at provision position.
3.the long awl key spread to move a principal axis head
It has a very long awl body.The awl body take additional key with an inside thread set claw.Flower dish or card dish have to with its awl degree homology combine take outside thread key slot.This kind of just to lock tight type the principal axis be the most widespread in the medium-sized lather.It allow a principal axis at just to or anti- to revolve all the ability slice to pare.
Drive the motive of principal axis is supply by an electric motor, deliver the motive to the principal axis to have four kinds of in common use method from the electric motor:
1.The even leather belt spread to move
In the majority the leather belt spread move of the lather, it is direct to drive motive through a leather belt deliver give attach a tower round in principal axis.The dissimilarity for moving the leather belt to the tower round position, convertibility principal axis speed.For acquire lower soon with greater motive, can usage carry round on usage's back.
2.the triangle leather belt spread to move
The circumference of each leather belt round top all open a V type slot.Triangle leather belt will by the square the Qian person is inside slot.The triangle leather belt can't run into the bottom of leather belt round.This kind of spread to move a way to also have 1 to spread with even leather belt to move likeness of carry on the back a round equip.
3.have no class to become to soon spread to move
This kind of equip need not parking can change active round with from move a speed of.Actually only when the tool machine circulate just need to be become soon.Have no class to become to soon spread to move of spread and move leather belt round from two V type on the side of the half round constitute.The leather belt a side of the round can open and namely take off with another a side to open.Move to arrive smaller diameter in take off open the hour. the leather belt toward, make from move a round creation lower speed.When leather belt round two sides match at, force leather belt to outwardly move to arrive bigger diameter, make from move a speed to enlarge.Can by hand move or the liquid press to carry on become soon.When the adoption liquid press a way, bedside box coping of control the dish can make the liquid press a system precision action.Don't turn this a control dish when the electric motor is stop.Direct spread to move of turn soon scope to 300-1600 to turn/cent.For acquire lower turn soon, have to first parking, turn to move to carry on the back a round to shake a hand.Low speed scope for 43-230 turn/cent.
4.the wheel gear spread to move to become soon a box
This kind of include wheel gear and become soon organization, can acquire many turn of dissimilarity soon.Operation can usage attach at the bedside speed on the box cent degree dish to choice need of speed.Move 2 or three hand handle or shake the hand adjustable stanza speed.The bed saddle of the common lather, enter to give with car thread organization.
Bed saddle
The bed saddle use to the control and to accept to slice to pare a knife and it constitute to°from five main parts.
1.saddle
BE 1 pack on bed's body square combine follow lead a track glide of the H form Zhu piece.The bed saddle that is on the saddle lock tight bolt bed saddle lock tight arrive bed body in order to carry on a car to carry noodles and cut off.
2.slip away a plank box
Fix on the saddle, and hang a front in bed body.It include wheel gear, clutch and hand to move with auto enter the hand handle which use to the bed saddle.Slip away to pull there is a denticle round on the box.But denticle round again with bed before the body underneath of Chi mutually the Nie match, can by hand turn to move to slip away to pull a box of hand round, can make bed saddle lengthways move.Slip away a plank box to include auto enter to give to use of rub a clutch and open to match Luo mother, open to match Luo mother stop to lean on silk Gang a thread of above, only at car thread usage.
3.horizontal knife
Pack on the saddle.The saddle is horizontal to process to lead a track for the Yan tail type, then accept to lead a track.ability by the square with lather of center line perpendicular.Horizontal knife the Yan tail which also match each other with saddle Yan tail lead a track.Turn to move horizontal drag along a plank hand a handle can make knife horizontal to move.
4.compound knife(turn dish)
Pack on the horizontal knife, can revolve 360 degrees, and at arbitrarily position top clip tight.Compound knife bottom fifty-fifty turn namely 180 degrees degree which carry on cent.Turn there is also a Yan tail on the dish lead a track.Can use one short silk Gang move the top part, horizontal knife and compound knife the silk Gang all have cent degree value for the engrave of l/1000 inch one degree wreath, used for a car to pare a work piece to close end size with car thread make nicety adjust.
5.penknife
Have to engrave one degree wreath with shake a handle.Can at compound knife glide inside the T type slot of the coping.Can use to clip tight with fixed position the knife clip.
Enter to give organization with car thread
Enter to give and car thread organization from enter to the box, silk Gang, light Gang with slip away the wheel gear and the clutch in the plank box to constitute.Enter direct to the box Be located on a principal axis box module under.Deliver the motive that the principal axis be left to carry to through the wheel gear into to the box.Enter the wheel gear which include many dissimilarity size to the box, can provide the underneath two kinds of transformation:(1)Change enter to give quantity;(2)Change car thread principal axis box the principal axis turn soon with bed saddle route of travel of ratio.
Usually having to move 2-3 hand handle just may acquire precision of enter to give quantity and exactitude of thread number/inch.Wheel gear box the front be fish-eye a designation diagram, indicate to acquire need into give quantity or thread number/the hand handle of the inch position.Silk Gang and light the Gang deliver the motive to the bed saddle with carry on auto enter to give with the thread slice to pare.At small scaled lather last usage a light Gang, but just have on the large lather two alone of Gang.
The bed saddle maneuver all organic move toward sport into give.Lengthways enter to the direction from the bedside box up of anti- to hand handle control, usage dissimilarity of control the hand handle can use dissimilarity the way acquire mobile enter give.
(1)At more early of lather up, lengthways enter give hour will slip away a plank box up of enter to the transformation hand handle move to top position.then enter the auto give shake to change direction right side can move bed saddle.
For acquire horizontal auto enter to give, will enter to move to an underneath position for transformation hand handle, and will same auto enter give shake to change direction the right side can.Horizontal enter to the direction from the bedside box up of anti- to hand handle control.
(2)Two types of lather have an enter to give the choice the hand handle.move upward noodles for lengthways enter give, get down for horizontal enter give.Then, move a clutch can the realization be mobile to enter give.
(3)Three types of lather has lengthways mobile one to enter alone horizontal with enter to the hand handle to the hand handle(or clutch).(or clutch)
(4)Large other control way of the lather adoption, all lather all have 1 to be located on a principal axis box a principal axis neighborhood of silk Gang/light the Gang be anti- to the hand handle.
Car thread, will enter to the transformation hand handle put position betwixt.namely mobile enter to all take off to open for the hand handle and the clutch.Only open to match Luo a mother action just on this position.It is 1 to lengthways open to match Luo a mother.Move to slip away a plank box top to open to match Luo mother hand handle, open to match Luo mother shut to match to make bed saddle a principal axis each turn to move a fix distance.Or so move of direction from enter to anti- to hand handle control.The car right Xuan thread, bed saddle have to from right to left shift move, namely move toward the principal axis box direction the car left Xuan thread, bed saddle have to from left rightwards move, namely to tail direction move.Only at car thread just the usage open to match Luo a mother.
The lather work piece clip tight enclosure and thick car
The lather work piece clip a tight enclosure
Pass work with various different usage a piece to clip a tight enclosure, can consumedly increment the lather process the category and scope of work piece.In common use of the common enclosure have three claw in general use card dishes, four claw list move the card dish, set claw card dish, flower dish, heel knife, center...etc., most of the work piece tongs will at behind the chapter elaborate.
The car pare top pack to clip of work piece, put a person in the principal axis box the principal axis bore one difference path set tube with live top, stir dish to pack a head at the principal axis thread up.It has some slot and use to match each other with the lather card claw coda and drive fix at lather card on work piece claw.The work piece can also clip tight with tight solid arrive flower dish up, flower dish of diameter ratio stir dish big get many, so have more slot.
Thick car
(1)Fix the cartful bed card claw on the work piece, clip card claw at can assurance turn move of the work piece coda carry neighborhood.Want to promise to be a work piece at two top fixed position.The card claw coda should be in stir the dish slot.
(2)Put a work piece on the lather, insure a tail a set all of the tubes to stretch out.Move a tail to make top be apart from ratio work piece length invite long place of 2 inches, clip a tail tight on bed's body.
(3)Carry the card claw of work piece put in live toply and add some lubricant(zinc powder and oil) inside tail center bore.
(4)Turn to move a tail a hand round to make the dead top prison prison pack a person inside center bore, can't too tight also can't too loose.Otherwise, the card claw for work piece to turn move will send out sound.In front and back move card claw a coda, make tail top accommodation.
(5)Whet a knife which slice to pare blade to put a person and clip tight in the knife clip.
(6)Clip the knife put on the penknife, and make the following check:The knife clip don't certain stretch out a penknife a too long penknife should at compound knife T type slot of left carry;Point of a knife noodles should constitution at lather center Gao up.
Some car work according to practice experience knife constitution slightly Gao at the center line, but this have to knife whet good.To － sort operation personnel to say, suggestion the point of a knife want to whet to give settle of angle, and knife precision constitution centrally on-line.Pare to the car like soft aluminum etc. some material, if the knife whet accommodation.Then can knife constitution slightly Gao at the center line.
Insure a few centrally on-line method of point of a knife:Use to live top is a foundation to adjust this point;Measure to lead a track to the bedside box top of distance combine with this to adjust point of a knife;At tail heart stalk or slippery body top uniform center line, Be a constitution knife of direction line.
(7)Turn to fight with weapons to clip to make to slice to pare blade to slightly change direction a tail to carry, if knife constitution at mistake position, knife the circumstance take place in glide.
(8)Check the bed saddle can make lather card claw not collision compound knife but again can move need to be be apart from.Bed saddle should the ability move ratio work piece half the length be slightly a little bit longer of distance.
(9)connect power supply, combine up the clutch.
(10)The left hand put on the bed saddle hand round., The right hand put at horizontal enter to the hand handle up, move bed saddle arrive work piece the tail carry and go toward inside horizontal enter give arrive beginning formation to slice a scraps stone
(11)Try to slice 1/4 inch breadth.The certain depth carry on adjust to the work piece.
(12)Parking, and usage card Chinese foot examination diameter.If work piece remaining have great capacity.Then can carry on two or the three time thick car.
(13)Connect power supply, press lengthways mobile enter to the switch, the check slice to pare a circumstance.Iron scraps should crumb collapse.If long iron scraps, then very dangerous of, it will round a work piece.If the words by hand moved, then slicing scraps blade will cut the hand.
(14)Should have no Zhan to flap.The Zhan flap from the knife and the work piece jump about but creation of vibration.This kind of vibration will make work piece the cave and convex gravamen of the surface formation.Zhan's flap is too usually cause by underneath's four kinds of reason namely knife bluntness or whet inaccuracy;Work piece or knife are rigid bad;Knife or tongs outside stretch too long;It is loose to move a parts on the lather.
(15)Carry on one vice-minister degree ratio work piece half a little bit longer of slice to pare.Observation slice to pare a circumstance, often attention tail of dead top, can't because of lead hot but damage tail dead top.While slicing to pare to exceed middle point should loose open lengthways mobile enter give, and withdraw horiz