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中 原 工 學 院
畢業(yè)設計（論文）任務書
姓 名
機電 學院 機自 專業(yè) 072 班
題 目
玉米收割臺設計
設
計
任
務
1、外文翻譯，并且按學院規(guī)定的統(tǒng)一規(guī)范化要求用譯文紙撰寫或打??；
2、畢業(yè)設計調(diào)研，并且按學院規(guī)定的統(tǒng)一規(guī)范化要求撰寫調(diào)研報告、開題報告；
3、玉米收割臺主機部分設計；
4、繪制部分零件圖；
5、按學院規(guī)定的統(tǒng)一規(guī)范化要求撰寫設計說明書。
時
間
進
度
第1~2周 畢業(yè)實習、課題調(diào)研；
第3 ~ 5周 方案論證，確定方案，完成實習報告、開題報告、外文翻譯；
第6~9周 主機部分設計（第九周中期檢查）；
第10~12周 主要零件設計，按學院規(guī)定的統(tǒng)一規(guī)范化要求撰寫設計說明書；
第13~14周 畢業(yè)設計審查 準備答辯；答辯資格評審；
第15周 畢業(yè)答辯 （星期一公開答辯）；
第16周 修改畢業(yè)設計。
原 要
始 參
資 考
料 文
和 獻
主
[1] 聯(lián)合編寫組.機械設計手冊（上中下）[S].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社,1988.12.
[2] 聯(lián)合編寫組.機械設計手冊(1-6卷) [S].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社,2004.8.
[3] 樊瑞.液壓技術[M].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社,1997.9.
[4] 聯(lián)合編寫組.機械零件設計手冊[S].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社, 1987.9.
[5] 成大先.機械設計手冊（單行本）:常用設計資料[S].北京:化學工業(yè)出版社，2004.1.
[6] 成大先.機械設計手冊（單行本）:機械傳動[S].北京:化學工業(yè)出版社，2004.1.
[7] 路甬祥.液壓氣動技術手冊[S].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，2004.5
[8] James W．Murdock. P.E. Fluid Mechanics and its applications[M].Printed in the U.S.A 1989
[9] Richard R .Kibbe .Marchine Tool Practices[M]. Printed in the U.S.A， 1992
[10] 汪啟明等.基于單片機控制的液壓泵站設計研究[J].制造業(yè)自動化2003.06.
[11] 張利平.液壓控制系統(tǒng)及設計[S].北京：化學工業(yè)出版社，2006.6.
院長（系主任）簽名： 指導教師：
中原工學院2010屆畢業(yè)設計(論文)---開題報告
畢業(yè)設計開題報告
題目名稱： 玉 米 割 臺 設 計
院系名稱：
班 級：
學 號：
學生姓名：
指導教師：
2011年3月
1 課題來源及研究的目的和意義
本課題的來源是一項專利，由山東理工大學提出申請。申請時間：2003年8月17日，公開日：2004年9月29日，申請?zhí)枺?3271472.6，專利代理機構(gòu)：淄博科信專利商標代理有限公司，代理人：吳紅。
2 本課題所涉及的內(nèi)容國內(nèi)(外)研究現(xiàn)狀綜述
我國作為糧食生產(chǎn)大國，玉米又是主要糧食作物。玉米收獲的機械化在很大程度上影響著產(chǎn)量。此設計的玉米收獲秸干還田型玉米聯(lián)合收獲機，具有明顯的技術優(yōu)勢。本文研究的傳動系統(tǒng)作為整機的核心技術，對整機的性能、配置和布局都起著決定性作用。本傳動系統(tǒng)在結(jié)構(gòu)上除簡單美觀節(jié)約以外，在性能上也是滿足高要求，真正實現(xiàn)小空間大功能低成本，適合我國國情，值得在國內(nèi)推廣
我國玉米收獲機械研制起步晚，水平低，玉米機械化收經(jīng)歷了從引進國外樣機試用、仿制、改進到消化吸收、自行設計兩個階段，并取得了很好的成果。到目前為止，我國從事玉米收獲機研制生產(chǎn)的單位有60多家，已開發(fā)研制出的機型有60多個產(chǎn)品。從整體情況看，目前生產(chǎn)玉米聯(lián)合收獲機除懸掛式(背負式)外，大都處于樣機研制或試驗階段。各種機型仍需不斷改進和完善，到大規(guī)模投入生產(chǎn)應用尚需一段時間。我國生產(chǎn)的玉米聯(lián)合收獲機按收獲工藝可分為兩種:摘穗—剝皮—果穗收集—莖稈粉碎還田(或收集);摘穗—果穗收集—莖稈粉碎還田(或收集)。玉米收獲工藝研制的機型有牽引式、懸掛式(背負式)、自走式和玉米割臺等四種機型。
國內(nèi)可實現(xiàn)果穗收獲、莖稈切碎一體化的技術已申報專利有很多，代表性的有：立式摘穗莖桿切碎裝置；在普通臥式摘穗輥式收獲機割臺下方安裝與摘穗輥平行的刀軸，在刀軸上安裝不同形式的切刀，通過動定刀配合、動動刀配合等方式實現(xiàn)玉米收獲、秸稈粉碎一體化技術兩種技術類型。但總體說來國內(nèi)的果穗收獲、莖稈切碎一體化的技術尚未成熟。我國玉米收獲機械化仍然存在著許多問題。首先表現(xiàn)在基礎部件研究不足，很多單位只是注重整機的研制開發(fā)，從而造成眾多機型在收獲工藝和機構(gòu)參數(shù)上大同小異、重復制造。其次是產(chǎn)品的穩(wěn)定性、可靠性差，機器故障頻繁，從而造成玉米籽粒破碎率、果穗損失率高等問題。
我國目前從事玉米聯(lián)合收獲機研究和制造的單位有30多家，約20個產(chǎn)品，分為自走式、懸掛式、牽引式和谷物聯(lián)合收獲機配玉米割臺等四種形式，又分單行和多行。但各廠家的產(chǎn)量都不大，其主要原因就是如上所提到的機具的適應性題、農(nóng)民的購買力和玉米收獲機的關鍵部件的可靠性等問題。因此必須加快對玉米聯(lián)合收獲機械化關鍵技術與裝備的研究，以加速玉米收獲機械化的進程。在自動化程度方面，由于國產(chǎn)玉米收獲機以實用為主，主要考慮降低制造成本，對自動化要求不高，因此明顯落后于國外產(chǎn)品。目前，在已研制的機型中還有可靠性差、效率低、對作物的不同行距適應能力不強等問題，個別機型的損失率和破碎率還有待進一步降低。
國內(nèi)近期玉米收獲機械仍以價格較低的懸掛式機型為主，適應多種行距的玉米收獲機具將會隨著技術的不斷完善迅速占領市場。穗莖兼收型玉米聯(lián)合收獲機，可以實現(xiàn)莖稈資源的回收利用，將是玉米聯(lián)合收獲機近期研究、開發(fā)的重點，以適應畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展的要求，在畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展就快的地區(qū)，這種機型有較好的發(fā)展前景，預計未來幾年將會出現(xiàn)比較實用的暢銷機型。
目前國外玉米收獲機的研究與生產(chǎn)技術已經(jīng)成熟，目前在美國、德國、烏克蘭、俄羅斯等西方國家的玉米收獲(包括籽粒和秸稈青貯)已基本實現(xiàn)了全部機械化作業(yè)。國外多采用一年一作的種植方式，玉米收獲時含水率低，主要采用玉米摘穗直接脫粒的收獲工藝。如美國的Johndeere公司、Case公司、德國的Mengle公司、道依茨公司生產(chǎn)的玉米聯(lián)合收獲機，絕大部分是在小麥聯(lián)合收獲機上換裝玉米割臺，并通過調(diào)節(jié)脫粒滾筒的轉(zhuǎn)速和脫粒間隙進行玉米的收獲。主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個特點：
1．在保證良好性能的前提下，向高效、大型、大功率、大割幅、大喂入量和高速發(fā)展。喂入量已由一般的5~6千克／秒發(fā)展到10~12千克／秒所配發(fā)動機的功率最大到243千瓦，正在研發(fā)的有276千瓦；割臺最大割幅已超過9米。配谷物聯(lián)合收割機的玉米割臺由收割4~6行發(fā)展到收割8行。發(fā)動機功率為19千瓦。最高作業(yè)速度超過3.6千米／小時?！ ?
2．向擴大機器的通用性和提高適應性發(fā)展。除發(fā)展多種專用割臺（大豆、玉米、向日葵、水稻或捋穗型割臺）外，同一臺機器還可配不同割幅的割臺以適應不同作物和不同單產(chǎn)的需要；改進機體結(jié)構(gòu)（如收割臺的仿型機構(gòu)、清糧室的自動調(diào)平裝置等），使其更好地適應不同作物和傾斜地面；行走裝置配置多種寬度的輪胎、履帶，以提高工作的適應能力。
3．對保持收獲中低損失率、高清潔度的主要工作部件的研究更為深入新型脫粒分離裝置的研究，以提高生產(chǎn)率，減少谷粒損失為目標，是現(xiàn)代玉米聯(lián)合收割機最主要的發(fā)展趨勢。在傳統(tǒng)的紋桿切流滾筒及鍵式逐鎬器的脫粒分離裝置之后，雙滾筒橫置的軸流式結(jié)構(gòu)廣為應用，繼而又研制了單滾筒或雙滾筒縱置的軸流式脫粒分離結(jié)構(gòu)，大大提高了脫粒率。
4．新材料和先進制造技術的廣泛應用使產(chǎn)品性能更好，可靠性更高將玉米聯(lián)合收割機機架、割臺體加大壁厚或加強骨架，用大直徑薄壁鋼管作軸，紋桿進行表面硬化處理；各種聯(lián)合收割機在易堵塞的部件上設置各種快速切離的安全裝置，傳動膠帶采用新的結(jié)構(gòu)和材料；切割裝置都進行8小時以上磨合試驗和升溫運轉(zhuǎn)試驗；重要工作部件裝機前的磨合試驗或試運轉(zhuǎn)，嚴格保證體系。
5．廣泛應用機電一體化和自動化技術，向舒適性、使用安全性、操作方便性方向發(fā)展為改善駕駛員工作條件，普遍裝有現(xiàn)代化的密閉駕駛室以隔熱、隔噪音；轉(zhuǎn)動部件轉(zhuǎn)速、收割機切割高度、谷物損失量、糧箱填充量、排草堵塞等配有信息顯示；自控裝置包括自動對行、割茬高度自動調(diào)節(jié)，自動控制車速，自動停車等；安全生產(chǎn)的警報輸出和互鎖補償系統(tǒng)有故障警報、信號報警或語音報警、啟動耳鎖、單柄操作互鎖、運輸與收獲互鎖等功能。
6．向智能化收獲機發(fā)展集全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)，地理信息系統(tǒng)和遙感系統(tǒng)于一身的"精準農(nóng)業(yè)"技術在智能化玉米收割機上的應用是當今收獲機械化最新、最重要的技術發(fā)展。通過以上的比較不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，我國的玉米聯(lián)合收獲機械的現(xiàn)狀跟國外一些先進技術相比還有相當大的差距，我國的科研人員在機器的制造質(zhì)量和可靠性、發(fā)展模式及如何使農(nóng)藝和農(nóng)機相結(jié)合等科研課題上，應該有很大的發(fā)展空間。
3 本課題有待解決的關鍵問題
經(jīng)過將近一個月的畢業(yè)調(diào)研和查閱資料，我對本課題的主要意圖還是有了一定的了解，大致了解了要完成的設計任務，綜合起來，我認為需解決的主要問題有：
國家知識產(chǎn)權局于2000年11月1日公開的“玉米收割機”實用新型專利（專利號為：00203043.8），其技術方案為：從收割傳送帶一端集中收割來的玉米秸稈進入打折傳送帶將秸稈打折后，再送入后面的摘穗對輥及秸稈粉碎機構(gòu)，由于秸稈在收割傳送帶的一端集中，再進行打折，結(jié)構(gòu)復雜，而且由于秸稈量大，如果進料不通暢，來不及處理時容易堵塞，從而造成玉米破損率較高。
4.對課題要求及預期目標的可行性分析(包括解決關鍵問題技術和所需條件兩方面)
本實用新型的目的在于提高一種在前述專利的基礎上加以改進，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，不易堵塞的玉米收割機。
本實用玉米收割機在収割臺前上方設有撥輪，收割傳送帶設有左，右相向運行的兩條傳送帶，在収割臺的中部與每條收割傳送帶相對應設有各自的摘穗對輥，摘穗對輥與收割傳送帶呈T字形布置，摘穗對輥下方沿對輥軸向設有秸稈傳送帶，集穗傳送帶位于秸稈傳送帶的下方，摘穗對輥與集穗傳送帶間設有滑板。
本實用新型一種改進，收割傳送帶內(nèi)側(cè)的傳動軸上設有回轉(zhuǎn)葉輪。
本實用新型另一種改進，秸稈傳送帶上方設有表面帶有齒條的輥壓筒。
本實用新型玉米收割機收割秸稈時，収割臺前方的撥輪波動玉米秸稈，秸稈沿相鄰分壟板之間形成的通道進入收割傳送帶，由兩條收割傳送帶分別向収割臺中部移動，向后進入各自的摘穗對輥，將玉米秸稈和玉米果穗分離，玉米穗沿滑板向兩側(cè)滑落到，集穗傳送帶上，空秸稈由摘穗對輥擠壓向下運動，進入摘穗對輥下方的秸稈傳送帶，進入下面的秸稈粉碎機構(gòu)粉碎還田，采用這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，整個作業(yè)面的秸稈就分成了左，右兩部分分別經(jīng)行收割，摘穗，再進行集穗，集中粉碎，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，進料通暢，能及時處理，避免了堵塞，也降低了玉米破損率。另外，收割傳送帶內(nèi)側(cè)的傳動軸上設有回轉(zhuǎn)葉輪，有利于秸稈進入摘穗對輥；秸稈傳送帶上方設有表面帶有齒條的輥壓筒，利于齒條對秸稈的枝葉進行梳理排列，提高粉碎效果。
主要參考文獻：
[1] 聯(lián)合編寫組.機械設計手冊（上中下）[S].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社,1988.12.
[2] 聯(lián)合編寫組.機械設計手冊(1-6卷) [S].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社,2004.8.
[3] 樊瑞.液壓技術[M].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社,1997.9.
[4] 聯(lián)合編寫組.機械零件設計手冊[S].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社, 1987.9.
[5] 成大先.機械設計手冊（單行本）:常用設計資料[S].北京:化學工業(yè)出版社，2004.1.
[6] 成大先.機械設計手冊（單行本）:機械傳動[S].北京:化學工業(yè)出版社，2004.1.
[7] 路甬祥.液壓氣動技術手冊[S].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，2004.5
[8] James W．Murdock. P.E. Fluid Mechanics and its applications[M].Printed in the U.S.A 1989
[9] Richard R .Kibbe .Marchine Tool Practices[M]. Printed in the U.S.A， 1992
[10] 汪啟明等.基于單片機控制的液壓泵站設計研究[J].制造業(yè)自動化2003.06.
[11] 張利平.液壓控制系統(tǒng)及設計[S].北京：化學工業(yè)出版社，2006.6.
4 完成本課題的工作計劃及進度安排
工作計劃：
1、外文翻譯，并且按學院規(guī)定的統(tǒng)一規(guī)范化要求用譯文紙撰寫或打?。?
2、畢業(yè)設計調(diào)研，并且按學院規(guī)定的統(tǒng)一規(guī)范化要求撰寫調(diào)研報告、開題報告；
3、玉米收割臺主機部分設計；
4、繪制部分零件圖；
5、按學院規(guī)定的統(tǒng)一規(guī)范化要求撰寫設計說明書。
進度安排：
第1~2周 畢業(yè)實習、課題調(diào)研；
第3 ~ 5周 方案論證，確定方案，完成實習報告、開題報告、外文翻譯；
第6~9周 主機部分設計（第九周中期檢查）；
第10~12周 主要零件設計，按學院規(guī)定的統(tǒng)一規(guī)范化要求撰寫設計說明書；
第13~14周 畢業(yè)設計審查 準備答辯；答辯資格評審；
第15周 畢業(yè)答辯 （星期一公開答辯）；
第16周 修改畢業(yè)設計。
5 指導教師審閱意見
指導教師(簽字)： 年 月 日
6 指導小組意見
?
指導小組組長(簽字)： 年 月 日
說明：
1 本報告前4項內(nèi)容由承擔畢業(yè)論文(設計)課題任務的學生獨立撰寫；
2 本報告必須在第八學期開學四周內(nèi)交給指導教師審閱并提出修改意見；
3 學生須在小組內(nèi)進行報告，并進行討論；
4 本報告作為指導教師、畢業(yè)論文(設計)指導小組審查學生能否承擔該畢業(yè)設計(論文)課題和是否按時完成進度的檢查依據(jù)，并接受學校的抽查。
- 6 -
Long inefficient harvester maintenance
A "prevent long inefficient combine threshing not clear,
Threshing was unclear, or after threshing crops are still left on a certain number of grain crops, or fails to retain the original threshing, and the corn longer branch, etc. It is among the most common of combine harvesters. How to prevent threshing, the method is as follows:
1 and the harvest should keep linear assignment. Can easily otherwise, driving crop harvest threshing clarity is messy effect.
2, should maintain threshing tooth thickness of unilateral not less than 2.5 mm. Otherwise, must change surface or update. Threshing tooth crest and inherit the gap should keep on net 3-5mm. Excessive threshing will influence, to adjust.
3, often keep cutting grass the keenness of the sword. Cut grass by the side of the sword blade surface should be timely change wear or update. For grain threshing clean and create good conditions.
4 the conveyor chamber, threshing and guide the clearance should be within 2mm - 0, too, should be adjusted translocated cannot enter threshing room.
5, threshing depth is deep, not often adjust the threshing clarity of circumstances, should maintain proper depth, in order to reduce indoor embroiled in a threshing long stalk.
6 and when the throttle should be put in the harvest, make maximum revs turned in every minute of 2000. Otherwise it will affect threshing effect. If found speed should be promptly dropped out, reduce the load inspection.
7 and the crop growth, the field should be adopted, reduce speed reduced cut to reduce the load, enhance the threshing performance.
Eight, the situation is unfavorable harvest: crops 55cm length less than poor too low, mechanical, crops have large difference, length of maturity, crop crop varieties of wet, difficult threshing.
2 the long inefficient safe operations of rice harvester
Combine widely applied in rural areas, with the popularization of long inefficient combined harvesters, strengthen the safety production to prevent accidents, agricultural machinery safety supervision has become an important content of the work. JiShou is an important guarantee of economic benefit, therefore, must pay attention to the safety operation, the method is as follows:
1, have qualified operation skills. Operators must attend technical training, familiar with and understand the performance, structure, the machines use, maintenance and operation mastering skills. Qualified through examination before operation.
2, to observe the safety regulations. The safety instructions carefully study buyers on homework instructions and combine all sorts of safety warning labels.
3 and safety clothing. Wear comfortable clothes, prohibit wearing headscarves, scarves, safe operations against the slippers etc.
4 and security. Abide by traffic rules. Ban on others, pack accessory, avoid teasers, through the dam, could be JiGengLu culvert and etc, and can withstand prior to confirm unit weight, not pushy.
5, safety and loading trucks. The ground must be flat hard, loading and unloading board must have enough strength, width, length and antiskid device and hook. Two parallel plates should be no difference, low slow. Midway cannot turn, speed and braking lest overturned, if need to be modified direction return to sender.
6 and safety operation. Harvest Operators should be energetic, lack of sleep, drunk or illness of unfavorable operation. In the homework before pack good safety cover, shields, and try running shell, confirm the working parts may be put into operation. The machine before must honk or other methods to meet food and signaled that it is safe to those around. In the work, listen to observe, once produce abnormal shall immediately stopped running, promptly components.
7 and safety inspection and maintenance. Harvesters in machine cleaning machine, check and adjustment should be shut out fault, when the shift lever, and for the engine should be separate each clutch. In the harvest, when should be raised overhaul safety devices will be locked or cut machine with reliable supporting things fixed, prevent the harvest of decline.
8 and prevent fires. Should be on fire, fuel and oil spill to timely rub-up. Engine exhaust and battery, not allow heads up around the machine can park in the stalk of place. And no smoking.
9 and prevent burns. The engine running or just stop immediately when cannot open cooling box, prevent water jet scald, subject to open after cooling.
10 and safety parked. Harvesters will reap should be parked down to the ground of the lowest positions, or shut, take out the key step, engine braking under fixed, the pavement in tyre shall be put on the track or before anti-skid pad.
3 the long inefficient to prevent cut sets jams rice harvester,
Cutting machine is blocked in the operation of the combined harvester ommon fault, it tends to affect the normal operation of the harvester. Serious when cut machine can't work. Therefore must pay attention to the prevention work cut machine, clogging the method is as follows:
1, harvest crops cannot be dry, wet, and dew. Crops in height, otherwise easily 55mm crop uprooted, clogging the chain, but also stem not threshing. Lodging should comply with the Angle of cut in 85 degrees below 70 degrees in reverse, cut the following requirements. Harvest the crops to make excessive lodging cutting machine jam. At harvest time, reduce should reduce cutting speed, watch, found that jam. Timely parking
2, the harvest should as far as possible to stay straight road. To make points bending because of grain harvest stem the grass points over the crops, and deformation when conveying grain crops is messy, clogging.
3 and reasonable control the feeding amount reap crops. Such high crop harvest shall be taken, reduce speed reduced cut, avoid excessive loads caused jams. After the collision stacks points should be timely deformation is restored to the correct width, prevent excessive width caused by feeding amount caused jams increase.
4 should keep a sharp, sticking. Every day after harvest should remove dirt, weeds, check and adjustment, promptly replace worn sticking. Keep moving knife knife and set the gap in 0 ~ 0.5 mm.
5, help to maintain good grain chain tensioner degrees. And grain, grain and stent shall promptly replace after wearing claw back to ensure crops not messy.
6 and often keep claw chain belt, bluegrass, shoot, the chain chain, depth in such a state, too loose when should adjust, excessive wear should be replaced.
7 and cutting machine jams cannot use accelerated forced through. So easily make driving components are damaged. The correct approach is rapid, using artificial clear the blockage of crops.
4 the long chain transmission inefficient rice harvester maintenance"
Chain transmission is indispensable to combine the transmission mechanism. It's work or harvesters will directly affect the normal work of the components and performance, and therefore should be done in use, maintenance and repair the method is as follows:
1 in shaft, wheel should be no skewed and swinging. In the same transmission components in the face of two sprockets should be located in the same plane and sprocket center distance 0.5 meters in the allowable deviation, 1 mm, Sprocket 0.5 meters above centre distance in the allowable deviation, 2 mm. But does not allow to have the friction sprocket teeth profile phenomenon, if two rounds of migration to produce large chain and accelerate wear off. In the replacement of sprocket, we must pay special attention to check and adjustment offset.
2, the chain of firmness should fit, too tight increase power consumption, bearing wear, Too loose easily beat and chain chain. Chain of chain for: from central filed or press, two sprockets centre distance is about 2-3cm.
3, a new chain or long after the use to adjust, can elongation, to look for the chain, but must be even. The chain should lock plate, back through the chain is inserted in the outside, lock piece at the turn of the mouth should be in the opposite direction.
4 and sprocket badly worn, should also change new sprocket and new chain, in order to ensure good engagement. Not only change the new chain or new single chain. Otherwise it will cause a new chain or improperly meshed accelerate new sprocket and wear. Sprocket tooth surfaces wear to a certain degree in turn use (used to face adjustable sprocket). In order to prolong the using time.
5, old and new chain chain can use, otherwise easy mixed in transmission chain, tensile impact.
6, chain in work should promptly fill lube. Oil must enter roller and set in the fitting clearance, improve the working conditions and reduce wear.
7 and when the machine, long-term storage chain should be removed using kerosene or diesel clean, then coated with oil or butter in a dry place, to prevent corrosion.
5 the long inefficient rice harvester inter-district assignments need attention"
As a long inefficient (KUBOTA) combine professional harvest, 28% of homework is quite important. To smoothly inter-district harvest, please users must be attached to the following aspects of work.
1 the preparation before operation, and develops
(1) inter-district assignment information collection. Users can according to relevant state departments of information throughout the wheat and rice harvest and local agricultural information management, also may follow contact with customers, because the harvest of the local conditions are familiar with the user.
(2) business contacts. On-the-spot investigation in the field conditions, crop growth and high price, etc.
(3) inter-district homework route. According to the time sequence of all crops, choose as far as possible, set harvest security conditions are good, traffic is convenient.
(4) machine. In order to avoid failure inter-district assignments must be done before operation expenses in inter-district before repair, comsumption products, oil etc. Such as engine oil, inferior oil market, many in the local time before to 28% of purchase. Hara& Co. inefficient
(5) and vendors. Homework, route will inter-district inform vendors, carry on with the certificate (the combine harvester driver's license and id card of 28%, etc.).
(6). Try to purchase related (machine, personnel) insurance.
2 and develops in the homework problems that should be paid attention to
(1) harvest in the operation, to avoid attention combining exertion caused by accidents due to overwork.
(2) strengthen the maintenance and inspection machine, the machine always in good working condition.
(3) to strengthen the supervision of machine, storage, especially to avoid machine weathered and guard against theft, prevent damage.
3 and the handling problems
Such as: (1) in the inter-district assignments harvesters malfunction, please come and maintenance service, will contact details (including harvesters fault fault components, harvest field around), damaged parts, and quantity (shows a part of components in place, serial number part), the specific location and harvesters telephone users such report maintenance personnel.
(2) if you want to buy parts, can contact with long inefficient local hara& Co., company address (spare parts purchase, etc.) should be near. If you cannot buy accessories, direct contact with the seller, to discuss the required parts orders and shipping method, in the shortest possible time after receiving accessories, maintenance, continue to work.
6 the maintenance long inefficient rice harvester of unidirectional clutch,
The function is a one-way clutch combine harvester in advance when the power of the engine reliably transfer to combine harvester, fall off quickly, in order to realize the need of combine harvesters. In use due to improper operation, easy cause one-way clutch early wear, harvesting machine doesn't work well. Therefore, must grasp the correct use of method.
1 and the drive belt should reap department regularly or adjustment, the length of a spring in 102mm, cannot too loose or too tight. Or should adjust the length of the spring.
2 and combine in operation should be done in the stable power, speed, smooth junction stable steering, must not stop, accelerated, steep, hurry to, in order to reduce the shock load one-way clutch.
3 and in harvest in the homework assignments to observe the harvest, cutting machine, jams that immediately after stopping harvesting clutch, separated by artificial clear all the progress of begin again after operation. Do not remove or not in blocking incomplete remove junction, clutch, so easily to harvest early damage of unidirectional clutch.
4 and reasonable control the feeding amount reap crops. When high-yielding crop harvest if should be taken to cut, reduce speed reducing excess load in order to reduce the one-way clutch. After the collision stacks points should be timely deformation is returned to the correct width, in order to prevent excessive width caused by feeding amount caused jams increase.
5 and the harvest of lodging crops can not force (85 degrees below for the cut and thrust to 70 degrees Celsius) cut. Lodging crops are messy, should be adopted in the harvest threshing depth, using automatic control, find out timely downtime clogging.
6 and one-way clutch after damage replace. In the first should check whether the axis wear is a one-way away when the diameter of the axis wear to 18.771 mm, must change the new axis, otherwise the new one-way clutch after loaded still cannot play a role.
Wheel organization function is supporting the full weight of combine harvesters, driving and harvest, it is the important system combines walking working parts. If not for the correct use and operation, maintenance, easily wheel organization early wear. Therefore must pay attention to early wear prevention. The method is as follows:
1, to strengthen the wheel organization daily maintenance. Do homework after stent to load, timely, lifting, tensioner arm sticky roller and mud product, clean weed.
2 and constant observation wheel load, wheel, lifting, tensioner wheel rotation condition videotapes. Find abnormal or wheel rotation, should not carefully, change bad parts, hidden faults.
3, check the quantity, truck wheels lubricant should be added to the shortage of oil. Provisions Find duo-cone floating oil, should change in time to maintain good sealing.
4, truck wheels, stents, lifting, tensioner wheel rim thickness should have worn thin change in time, otherwise caused by insufficient strength variant rupture, scrape.
5 and driving wheel wear a tooth thickness 5mm amounted to face when using, adjustable to prolong the using life. When both tooth thickness should be promptly replace worn, otherwise it will cause sprocket and track core iron meshing impact when increases, abnormal wear iron core, serious when still can hook iron core.
6 500 hours, each work regularly to walk round institutions should be thoroughly checked, repair, to achieve good technical conditions.
7 and combine in road, should avoid bad roads in the road. When the crawler bottom to have cleared eyewinker. Ensure the wheel in good working environment, improve its service life.
Long inefficient combine the good crop harvest lodging with benign. Under normal circumstances can harvest the crops for lodging 85 degrees below, cut cut in inverse 70s. At harvest time must pay attention to grasp the operation method under:
1, should use a sharp knife sticking the sword, and the gap shall be in 0 ~ 0.5 mm.
2 stacks, claws should be adjusted to height can lift crop panicle position (namely the position on a standard). To straighten up, reduce crop messy.
3 stacks, and shall be transferred to "high speed", and to increase the help shift position for lodging, grain number of grain crop rotary.
4, harvest of transmission belt, shoot the chain chain, ear grain, should according to regulations chain tensioner, cutting machine is too loose in the harvest clogging.
5, conveying chain tightly guide if wear, should adjust guide and chain of zero clearance, crop is involved, or within the cylinder threshing.
6 and the cleanness of threshing regulating handle should be put on "open" position, to minimize threshing room load.
7 and the cutting grass threshing indoor dao should be promptly replace, sharp. In order to ensure the clarity, reduce crop threshing damage grain.
8 and cut in assignments platform height should keep in grain from the ground height is about 20mm. High grain can help claws, cannot fulfill the harvest. Low is easy to root crops, accelerate uprooted sticking.
9 and cut width should with slightly less than normal cut width for good (usually right portion of the grain open about 200 ~ 250m m). To alleviate the harvest of load.
10 and should adopt the automatic control of threshing depth, unfavorable adjustment. To minimize threshing room load.
11 and the harvest of straight road, don't be keep swinging. Slow speed is not reap, jam in case.
In December, when the harvest to observe operation condition, should take the first right ahead and grain threshing depth, device runs into the entrance of threshing chain and watching the sequence of operations. According to the circumstance timely adjust speed, cut width harvest threshing machine, cutting height, etc, in order to maintain good depth of operation condition.
13, is not in conformity with the harvest of crops, otherwise not forced to wear, and early machine crop waste is serious.
7 the combine harvester threshing rice for the inefficient maintenance"
1, threshing room can overload in the harvest, when high-yielding crop and speed of cutting should reduce and control the work load of the rated load operation, to prevent excessive threshing chamber of the causes.
2, the harvest threshing due to lodging crops into the room to increase many weeds in the chamber pressure and threshing threshing adopts the automatic control, depth to reduce indoor excessive threshing straw into.
3, correctly use the regulating handle gib threshing. When lodging at harvest crops, the regulating handle on the open position, make indoor crop threshing, reduce indoor quickly. In the threshing, grain on the small branches shall handle is placed in position, extend the time on threshing indoor crops, increase grain clarity. Usually handle position should be put in standard.
4 and keep cutting grass blades, check the knife cut grass threshing indoor wear and abrasion can make crops or not cut off, retention time long, threshing ungodliness, threshing chamber pressure increases, cut grass dao in reversing or update after wear.
5, conveying chain tightly compressed guide, if be the clearance of crops to easily, cause stress in threshing room greaten, must always keep checking and adjusting, chain and guide the gap with zero.
Six, in use as threshing shall, when close room blocked out, after the progress of the engine can work, or forced work to cause damage to the threshing room components.
8 the long inefficient rice harvester crawler maintenance instructions"
Rubber pedrail are self-contained combine the important parts in the mechanism, and the price is expensive. Rubber pedrail life depends in large part on work environment and method of use. Must attach importance to the early wear rubber pedrail prevention. The method is as follows:
(a), pay attention to the work environment
1, rubber pedrail, diesel engine should be avoided and various oil, grease, etc. Also should avoid with acid, alkali, salt, pesticide, and other chemicals. In this case. Clean,
2, rubber pedrail should avoid the rocks, in sharp steel etc uneven road. When necessary, can be laid wood or other flat object.
3, rubber pedrail should avoid in gravel and gravel road surface are long. This is caused extremely easily rubber surface early wear, if the driving distance, should use loaded vehicles.
(2), master correct usage
1, r